被动语态详细讲解

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1、被动语态详细讲解（基础讲解）被动语态一、语态概述我吃了一个苹果， 那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现岀来的。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如： English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词s

2、peak的承受者。例如：He opened the door.他开了门。（主动句）The door was opened.门被开了。（被动句）二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。及物动词-本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。不及物动词-本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时： amisareeaten一般过去时： waswereeaten一般将来时： will/shall/be going to beeaten

3、现在进行时： amisare beingeaten 现在完成时： havehas beeneaten过去将来时： would/should/be going to beeaten 过去进行时： waswere beingeaten 过去完成时： had beeneaten歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。三、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 （不知道电脑是谁偷的）This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于 19

4、81 年。（没有必要或说出出版者）（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed每天 8 小时睡眠必须得到保证。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。（3）为了更好地安排句子。例 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately re

5、cognized by people. （一个主语就够了）四、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。把谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the facto

6、ry.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后 “to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如：we can repair this watch in two days. -This watch can be repaired in two days. We must finish this work soon. -This work must be done soon.六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问

7、题.（1）时态保持一致。 I have repaired my computer.-My computer has been repaired.（2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。被动语态详细讲解(基础讲解)His best friend often looks after him. -He is often looked after by his best friend.(3) 主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语，另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy/get用for;动词 give/send/lend/take 用 to)Vivian gave me

8、 a book.(双宾语，人间物直，me为间接宾语，a book为直接宾语)- I was given a book by Vivian.-A book was given to me by Vivian.(直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词)(4) 主动语态若有复合宾语，(即句子结构为主及物动词宾宾补)，将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不 变。 They call him Louis. -He is called Louis.(5) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例 Someone caught the boy smoking

9、a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.主动语态句中动词 make, have, let(使 sb 做 sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel 等变成被动语态时，后面的 不定式需要加上 to.Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes.-He was made to wash the dishes.(7) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”， “动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一 个整体，不能分开。其中

10、的介词或副词也不能省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.(8) 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例 I dont like being laughed at in the public.(9) It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去 分词+that从句或“主语+be+过去分词+to do st

11、h.。有：It is said that.据说,It is reported that.据报道，It is believed that.大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that.众所周知，It is thought that.大家认为，It is suggested that.据建议。例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam.)七、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1、(1)

12、.英语中有很多动词如 break， catch， clean， drive， lock， open， sell， read， write， wash 等，当它们被用 作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较： The door wont lock (指门本身有毛病)The door wont be locked (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)(2) 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如： h

13、appen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？(3) 系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以 主动形式表示被动意义。例 Your reason sounds reasonable2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。(1

14、) 在 need， want， require, bear 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被 动形式。例 The house needs repairing (to be repaired).这房子需要修理。(2) 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式 的被动形式。例 The picture-book is well worth reading.(= The picture-book is very worthy to be read.) (3)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动

15、宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不 定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do 与 things 是动宾关系，与 I 是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是 post 动作的执行者。)(4) 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时， 这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有 ni

16、ce，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant， interesting 等。例 This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作 to work out 省略了 for me).(5) 在too. to.结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.(6) 在 there be. 句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定 语，重点在物。例 T

17、here is no time to lose (to be lost).(用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose；用 to be lost, 谁 lost time 不明确。)(7) 在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动 , 被动表被动。然而 ,由于古英语的影响,下列动词 rent,blame,let 等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词1. We can finish the work in two days.The work in tw

18、o days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou.Silk in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song.An English song _ by the children.4. You neednt do it now.It by you now.5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.A New Year Card her by me last week.6. People use metal for making machines.Metal for makin

19、g machines.7. He made me do that for him.I that for him.8.I have given this book to the library.This book _ to the library.9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? a bridge here by them a year ago?10. Well put on an English play in our school.An English play on in our school.11. More and more far

20、mers buy the TV sets.The TV sets _ _ _ more and more farmers.12. My brother often mends his watch.His watch by my brother.13. We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must _ _ (by us) every day.14. They use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.被动语态详细讲解(基础讲解)15. Did he brea

21、k the window yesterday? the window _ _ yesterday? 用动词的正确语态填空。1. The students often (tell) to take care of their desks and chair2. That play (put) on again sometime next month.3. The old man is ill. He (must send) to the hospital.4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits (sell) in this shop.5. the magazine (can

22、 take) out of the library?6. The room (clean) by me every day.7. The stars (can see) in the daytime.8. Some flowers (water) by Li Ming already.9. These kinds of machines (make) in Japan.10. Apples (grow) in this farm.11. Planes, cars and trains (use) by business people for trave12. The cinema (build) in 1985.13. The bike _ _ (must not put) here.14. A beautiful horse _ (draw) by John next day.15. This kind of machine (can made) by uncle Wang.