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1、1Prevention of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)Department of Health,Government of the HKSAR2BackgroundThere have been reports of“SARS”from different parts of the world since March 2003.In Hong Kong,a number of health care workers and other people have also been affected by the disease.SARS ha

2、s been added to the schedule of infectious diseases under the Quarantine and Prevention of Disease Ordinance which empowers DH to implement control measures more effectively.3Background The WHO removed Hong Kong from the list of areas with recent local transmission of SARS on 23 June 2003 However,we

3、 must remain vigilant and take necessary measures as required4What is Pneumonia?Pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of the lungs that affects the lungs normal function.It can be classified into“Classical Pneumonia”and“Atypical Pneumonia”.5What is Classical Pneumonia?Classical Pneumonia is caus

4、ed by bacteria such as streptococcus.Symptoms include:vFevervChest painvCoughvPurulent sputumSymptoms are usually severe with an early onset.6What is Atypical Pneumonia?The Atypical Pneumonia in this outbreak is also known as“Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”(SARS).It is found to be caused by coron

5、avirus.7What is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)?Symptoms include:vHigh fever(of 38 degrees Celsius or above)vCoughvChillsvShortness of breath or difficulty in breathingvMyalgia and malaisevHeadachevDiarrheavChest X-ray shows changes compatible with pneumonia8 The virus causing SARS is transm

6、itted:By droplets;or Through direct contact with secretions of an infected person.How is SARS Transmitted?9Treatment With early detection,the disease can be treated with medication.10Prevention Maintain good personal hygiene Wear a mask properly Keep the environment clean and hygienic Ensure good ve

7、ntilation Adopt a healthy lifestyle11Maintain Good Personal Hygiene Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing.Use a tissue paper to hold your spit,then dispose of the soiled tissue paper into a covered bin.Wash hands with liquid soap.Use serving spoons and serving chopsticks at mealtimes.W

8、ash hair and shower daily.12Maintain Good Personal Hygiene Avoid touching your eyes,nose and mouth.Do not share towels.Do not spit or litter.Use a vomit bag to hold vomitus on public transport.Consult the doctor promptly and stop going to work or school if you develop symptoms of respiratory tract i

9、nfections or if you have a fever.13Your Health is in Your HandsWash your hands:Before touching your eyes,mouth and nose;Before putting on a mask or after taking it off;Before preparing food or eating;After contact with infected persons;After sneezing or coughing;Tips:Wash hands properly14Your Health

10、 is in Your HandsWash your hands:After going to the toilet;After handling nappies,faeces or articles soiled with respiratory secretions;After touching public installations such as railings,door handles,lift buttons and public telephones;and After arriving at office or home.Tips:Wash hands properly15

11、Proper Hand Washing Wash hands under running tap water.Add liquid soap.16Proper Hand Washing Work up lather with your hands.Spend at least 10 seconds to rub your hands,including all sides of the nails.17Proper Hand Washing Dont forget to rub the palm and back of the hands.Dont rinse with water when

12、rubbing.When you have finished rubbing,rinse hands thoroughly with water.18Proper Hand Washing Dry hands with a clean personal towel or disposable paper towel.Wrap the tap in a disposable towel,or Rinse the tap thoroughly with water before turning it off.19Proper Hand WashingRemember:Do not share to

13、wels or tissue papers.Discard disposable towels properly.Store personal towels properly.Change and wash them thoroughly every day.20The Following People Should Wear a Mask:People with symptoms of respiratory illness Carers of patients with respiratory illness Health care workers in clinical settings

14、 Household contacts of confirmed or suspected SARS patients People visiting hospitals or clinics 21Which Type of Mask Is Effective against SARS?Ordinary surgical masks and N95 maskscan both help prevent SARS.N95 MaskSurgical Mask22Identify Different Parts of a Mask Follow the instructions on the pac

15、ket carefully,if available.The coloured side of the mask should face outwards,and the edge with a metallic wire upwards.Wash hands with liquid soap before putting on a mask.23Proper Procedures of Wearing a Mask Tie the upper 2 strings above the ears.Tie all the strings properly to keep the mask in p

16、lace.24Proper Procedures of Wearing a MaskThe mask should fit snugly over the face.The metallic wire part of the mask should be fixed securely over the bridge of the nose.The mask should fully cover the mouth,nose and chin to prevent leakage.25Points to Note about Wearing a MaskAvoid touching the ma

17、sk after putting it on.If you have to touch it,wash hands before and after doing so.Wash hands before taking off the mask,and discard it properly.Put the dirtied mask into a plastic or paper bag and tie the bag properly.Then dispose of it into a covered bin.Replace the mask immediatelyif it is damag

18、ed or soiled.26Keep the Environment Clean and HygienicCleaning and Disinfection Procedures:Get all cleaning tools ready,including household bleach,buckets,towels,mops,masks and gloves.Put on a pair of gloves and a mask before you start cleaning.Clean and disinfect with a proper disinfectant.Wash han

19、ds with liquid soap afterwards.Tips:Clean the home every day.Change bedding and clothing regularly.Dispose of refuse into a covered bin.27Choose a Proper Disinfectant1:49 diluted household bleach solution(mixing 1 part of bleach with 49 parts of water)Suitable for:Close contacts of SARS patients in

20、household cleaning;Residents of buildings with SARS patients in first-time household cleaning;Surfaces or articles contaminated with respiratory secretions or vomitus.28Choose a Proper Disinfectant1:99 diluted household bleach solution(mixing 1 part of bleach with 99 parts of water)Suitable for:gene

21、ral cleaning70%alcoholSuitable for:wiping metallic surfaces29Cleaning and DisinfectionFor washable items:Examples:Bedding,curtains,dust filters of air-conditioners,floor mats and dustbins.Procedures:Soak in diluted household bleach for 30 minutes,then rinse with water.For non-washable items:Examples

22、:Telephone handsets,speakerphones of intercom system,door handles,light switches and furniture.Procedures:Wipe with a towel soaked in diluted household bleach solution.Then,wipe with a wet towel and wipe dry.30Cleaning and DisinfectionThe floor Procedures:-Sweep the floor clean before mopping.-Soak

23、a mop in diluted household bleach solution and mop the floor.-Finally,clean with water and wipe dry.Walls Procedures:Wipe with a towel soaked in diluted household bleach solution.Then,wipe with a wet towel and wipe dry.31Keep the Toilet Clean and Hygienic Pay attention to proper functioning of toile

24、ts and drains.Clean toilet facilities at least once a day with diluted household bleach solution.32Keep the Toilet Clean and Hygienic Flush the toilet properly:vBefore flushing,lower the toilet lid to prevent contaminated water from splashing out.vWhen flushing has stopped,raise the lid.vWipe the li

25、d,seat and rim with diluted bleach solution.Rinse with water and wipe dry.vPour a teaspoon of diluted bleach solution into the toilet bowl.vFinally,wash hands thoroughly with liquid soap.33Disinfect Floor Drain Outlets To prevent insects and air from entering toilet through the drain outlets.Clean f

26、loor drain outlets at least once a week.To ensure the air trap is not dry,pour about half a litre of water down the drain outlet.Then,pour a teaspoonful of diluted household bleach solution down the drain.After 5 minutes,pour clean water down the drain.34Prevention of Pest Infestation35Ensure Good V

27、entilation Keep all windows open at all times.Ensure frequent air exchange for mechanically ventilated facilities.Wash dust filters of air-conditioning systems frequently.When traveling on public transport,open the windows whenever possible.36Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle A balanced diet Regular exercis

28、e Adequate rest Reduce stress Avoid smoking or alcohol consumption37If Feeling Unwell Consult the doctor promptly if you develop symptoms of respiratory tract infections or if you have a fever.Parents should not send sick children to school or nursery.Patients who have respiratory illness should wea

29、r a mask to prevent spread of infection.SARS patients should be hospitalized for medical treatment.The chance of recovery is better if it is detected and treated early.38What should be done if a family member is Infected or Suspected to be Infected?The Department of Health will issue guidelines to c

30、lose contacts of SARS patients or suspected SARS patients.They will be required to undergo home confinement for monitoring for 10 days,during which they should:vWear a mask for 10 days;vAvoid close contact with family members or other people;andvMaintain good personal hygiene.39What should be done i

31、f a family member is Infected or Suspected to be Infected?vKeep the home clean and hygienic.Disinfect the home with a solution of 1:49 diluted household bleach daily.vMaintain proper functioning and cleanliness of toilets and drains.vWatch out for symptoms.Consult the doctor immediately if feeling u

32、nwell.vStop going to work or school.vDuring the home confinement period,health teams from the Department of Health will visit the persons affected to conduct medical checks.40To Know More The Department of Healths hotline:187 2222 24-hour health education hotline of the Department of Healths Central Health Education Unit:2833 0111 The Department of Healths website:www.dh.gov.hk41Prevention of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)Department of Health,Government of the HKSAR