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1、华中科技大学文华学院毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译（本科学生用）题 目：红安创业大厦设计 _学 生 姓 名：徐犹生 学号：9学 部 （系）:城市建设工程学部专 业 年 级: 07建筑学一班指 导 教 师：管毓刚 职称或学位： 讲师2011年6月8日 外文文献翻译（译成中文1000字左右）：【主要阅读文献不少于5篇，译文后附注文献信息，包括：作者、书名（或论文题目）、出 版 社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。提供所译外文资料附件（印刷类含封面、封底、目录、翻译部分的复印件等，网站类的请附网址及原文）原文：Sears Tower原文网址：http:/www.skyscraper.org/T

2、ALLEST_TOWERS/t_sears.htmArchitects: Bruce Graham, design partner, Skidmore, Owings and MerrillLocation: ChicagoClient: Sears Roebuck and Company,Engineer: Fazlur Khan of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.Project year: 1970-1974Sears Tower(4.5 million ft2)Chicago, Illinois (1974)1,454 feet, 443.0 meters,

3、 110 storiesOriginal owners: Sears Roebuck and Company.Architect: Bruce Graham, design partner, Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Engineer: Fazlur Khan of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.Constructed 1970-1974In the late 1960s, Sears Roebuck and Company, then the worlds largest retailer with $8.9 billion in

4、 sales, decided to consolidate its administrative operations in downtown Chicago. The company determined it needed 3 million ft2 of office space with floors of 50,000 ft2 to accommodate its 13,000 employees in their major departments.The first designs were for a boxy structure exclusively for Sears,

5、 but the architects and real estate advisors pressed for a taller tower with upper floors for tenants. The building slowly stretched to 4.5 million ft2 and 110 stories, and in July 1970, Sears trumpeted its plans for the worlds tallest building. At 1454 feet, its height surpassed the World Trade Cen

6、ter by 100 feet and was, according to Sears as tall as the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) will let us go. For more than twenty years after its completion in 1974, Sears Tower remained the tallest skyscraper, and it is still the largest.As designed by architect Bruce Graham and engineer Fazlur

7、 Khan of the Chicago office of Skidmore Owings and Merrill (SOM), the structure was a bundled tube system of nine squares with sides of 75 feet (for an overall 225 x 225 ft), sheathed in a curtain wall of dark tinted glass. Above the fiftieth floor, some squares dropped away as the tower rose to cre

8、ate smaller floor plates and a distinctive stepped silhouette.The Tower is fronted by a separate tourist entrance, the Skydeck Pavilion added in 1985 by Skidmore Owings and Merrill. The Sears attracts some 1.5 million tourists each year, despite the loss of its title to the Petronas Towers in Kuala

9、Lumpur in 1997. Though no longer the tallest building in the world, the Tower is still title to the worlds highest occupiable floor and the highest roof deck and elevator ride. On a clear day it is possible to see four states from the top译文建筑师：Bruce Graham, design partner, Skidmore, Owings and Merri

10、ll地点：Chicago甲方：Sears Roebuck and Company工程师：Fazlur Khan of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.项目年份：2008西尔斯大厦（四百五十点万平方英尺）芝加哥，伊利诺伊州（1974）1454英尺，四百四十三点零米，110层原来的主人：西尔斯罗巴克公司。建筑师：Architect: Bruce Graham，设计伙伴，Skidmore, Owings and Merrill。工程师：Fazlur Khan of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.在60年代后期，Sears Roebuck and

11、Company，当时世界上最大的为89亿美元的销售额零售商，决定巩固其在芝加哥市中心的行政业务。该公司考虑到它需要将近五零零零零平方英尺楼层，以适应其主要部门及其13,000名员工300万平方英尺的办公空间。第一个设计是为专门为西尔斯四四方方的结构，但建筑师和房地产顾问为楼上住户与塔高的压力。该建筑慢慢延伸到四百五点万平方英尺和110的故事，并在1970年7月，西尔斯吹嘘为世界上最高的大楼的计划。在一千四百五十四英尺，其高度超过100英尺的世界贸易中心，依照Sears 说法：“那么高，美国联邦航空局（美国联邦航空管理局）将让我们走。”超过二在1974年完工后，年，Sears大楼仍是最高的摩天大

12、楼，它仍是最大的。正如建筑师和工程师Bruce Graham ，Fazlur Khan of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.（SOM）的芝加哥办公室设计，结构为（225 x为一整体225英尺）一个“绑定圆管状造型”的九个方面的75英尺广场系统，嵌装在一个深色玻璃幕墙。五十层以上，有的就离开广场的塔上升到创建更小的地板加强板和独特的剪影。该塔是由一个单独的旅游入口门前，增加了机场展望台馆于1985年由斯基德莫尔奥因斯和美林。西尔斯吸引约150万名游客，每年，尽管其标题损失在吉隆坡的双子塔于1997年。尽管已不再是世界上最高的建筑，塔仍是所有权，世界上最高的occupi

13、able地板和屋顶的最高甲板和乘电梯。在一个晴朗的一天，就可以看到从上面四个国家原文：香港中国银行大厦/Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong原文网址：http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_China_Tower,_Hong_Kong .StatusCompleteType：OfficeLocation：Hong KongConstruction started：18 April 1985Completed：1990Opening：17 May 1990HeightAntenna spire：367.4 m (1,205.4 ft)Roo

14、f315.0 m (1,033.5 ft)Top floor：288.2 m (945.5 ft)Technical detailsFloor count：72 above ground4 basement floorsFloor area：135,000 m2 (1,450,000 sq ft)Elevator count45, made by Otis Elevator CompanyDesign and constructionMain contractorHKC (Holdings) Limitedcitation needed (Kumagai HK)ArchitectI. M. P

15、ei & Partners, Sherman Kung & Associates Architects Ltd. Thomas Boada S.L.Structural engineerLeslie E. Robertson Associates RLLPReferencesTranscriptionsThe Bank of China Tower (abbreviated BOC Tower) is one of the most recognisable skyscrapers in Central, Hong Kong. It houses the headquarters for th

16、e Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited. The building is located at 1 Garden Road, in Central and Western District on Hong Kong Island.3Designed by I. M. Pei, the building is 307 m (1,007.2 ft) high with two masts reaching 360.9 m (1,184.1 ft) high.3 It was the tallest building in Hong Kong and Asia fro

17、m 1989 to 1992, and it was the first building outside the United States to break the 305 m (1,000 ft) mark. It is now the fourth tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong, after International Commerce Centre, Two International Finance Centre and Central Plaza.The 6,700m site on which the building is construct

18、ed was formerly the location of Murray House. After its brick-by-brick relocation to Stanley, the site was sold by the Government for only HK$1 billion in August 1982 amidst growing concern over the future of Hong Kong in the run-up to the transfer of sovereignty.Once developed, gross floor area was

19、 expected to be 100,000 m.4 The original project was intended for completion on the auspicious date of 8 August 1988. However, owing to project delays, groundbreaking took place in March 1985, almost two years late. It was topped out in 1989, and occupied on 15 June 1990.The building was initially b

20、uilt by the Hong Kong Branch of the Bank of China; its Garden Road entrance continues to display the name Bank of China, rather than BOCHK. The top four and the bottom 19 stories are used by the Bank, while the other floors are leased out. Ownership has since been transferred to BOCHK, although the

21、Bank of China has leased back several floors for use by its own operations in Hong Kong.citation needededitFavouritism controversyThe Government had apparently given preferential treatment to Chinese companies, and was again criticised for the apparent preferential treatment to the BOCHK.4The price

22、paid was half the amount of the 6,250 m Admiralty II plot, for which the MTR Corporation paid HK$1.82 billion in cash. The BOC would make initial payment of $60 million, with the rest payable over 13 years at 6% interest. The announcement of the sale was also poorly handled, and a dive in business c

23、onfidence ensued. The Hang Seng Index fell 80 points, and the HK$ lost 1.5% of its value the next day.4See also List of tallest buildings in Hong Kong Bank of China Building, the old headquarters of the Bank of China List of buildings and structures in Hong Kong List of skyscrapers List of towers Li

24、st of tallest freestanding structures in the world List of the worlds tallest structuresReferences1. Bank of China Tower - SkyscraperP. Retrieved 13 September 2007.2. Bank of China Tower - . Retrieved 13 September 2007.3. abcBank of China (Hong Kong) Limited About Us About BOC Tower Introduction. Re

25、trieved 8 November 2010.4. abcPhilip Bowring & Mary Lee,Dear friends., pg 114Far Eastern Economic Review, 13 August 1982External links About BOC Toweron Bank of China (Hong Kong) website Great Buildings Online site on BOC Tower Bank of China BuildingatStructurae S: Bank of China Tower Buildable pape

26、r model of the tower Elevator Layout Branch Details for Hong Kong Bank of China Tower译文:类型：Office地点：香港1985年4月18日开工建设1990年完成1990年5月17日开幕高度天线尖顶三百六十七点四米（241.8英尺）屋顶三百一十五点米（1,033.5英尺）顶层二百八十八点二米（九百四十五点五英尺）技术细节地上楼层数724层楼建筑面积一十三点五万平方米（1,450,000平方英尺）电梯数45，由奥的斯电梯公司生产的设计与施工主要承建商香港建设（控股）有限公司引文需要（熊谷组香港）贝聿铭建筑师事务所

27、，建筑师事务所谢尔曼西贡有限公司sl的托马斯博阿达莱斯利罗伯逊结构工程师协会RLLP参考文献对中国塔（简称中银大厦）银行是中环，香港最知名的摩天大楼之一。这房子对于中国银行（香港）有限公司的总部。该建筑是位于花园道1号，中环及西区港岛3。由贝聿铭设计，建筑三百七米（1,007.2英尺）两个桅杆达到三百六十零点九米（1,184.1英尺）高。3这是在香港和亚洲最高的建筑物，从1989年至1992年，它是第一个高美国以外的建设，以打破305米（1000英尺）标志。现在已经是第四高的摩天大楼后在香港国际贸易中心，两个国际金融中心和中环广场。6700平方米的网站上建有该建筑物的前身是美利楼的位置。砖后，

28、由砖迁往赤柱，网站出售政府在1982年8月中“只有10亿港元”在香港的未来越来越担心，在运行到主权的移交。一旦开发，总楼面面积，预计将于10万平方米。最初的项目是为在1988年8月8日吉日完成预定。然而，由于工程延误，开创性地参加了1985年3月，近两年来晚了。这是平顶于1989年，1990年6月15日占领。该建筑始建香港分行的中国银行，其花园道入口继续显示名称“中银中国”，而不是中银香港。顶部和底部19四个故事所使用的银行，而其他楼层出租。所有权已经被转移到中银香港，虽然中国银行已租回其在香港的行动中使用的几个楼层。争议显然，政府给予优惠待遇中国公司，并再次为明显的优惠待遇批评为中银香港。付

29、出的代价是一半的地积6250平方米金钟二，为此，地铁公司支付港币18.2亿美元的现金数额。中银将利用6000万美元的首期付款，其余超过13的利息在6年内支付。在公布的销售也处理不当，以及在商业信心潜水接踵而至。恒生指数下跌80点，港元下跌1.5的价值在未来的日子。参见最高建筑物在香港上市中国银行大厦，中国银行的老总部建筑物，构筑物在香港上市摩天大楼列表塔名单名单中最高的独立的世界结构列出世界上最高的建筑物参考文献“中国银行大厦 -SkyscraperP“。查阅2007年9月13号。“中银中国塔 -“。查阅2007年9月13号。美国广播公司的“中国（香港）银行有限公司 - 关于我们关于中银大厦导

30、言“。查阅2010年11月8日。abc的菲利普与玛丽李宝灵，亲爱的朋友们.，第114远东经济评论，82年8月13日外部链接维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：中国银行大厦的关于中银对中国银行（香港）塔式网站伟大的建筑中银大厦Online网站上对中国银行大厦在StructuraeS：中国银行大厦可信赖的塔纸模型电梯布局中国对香港的汇丰银行分行大厦详情原文：Nanjing Greenland Financial Center原文网址：http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_Greenland_Financial_CenterConstruction started:20

31、05Completed:2010Opening:2010Height and Antenna spire:450 m (1,480 ft)Roof:381 m (1,250 ft)Top floor:339 m (1,112 ft)Technical details:Floor count89 (2 basement floors)Design and construction:ArchitectAdrian Smith at SOMStructural engineer: Skidmore, Owings and Merrill TheNanjing Greenland Financial

32、Center(simplified Chinese:南京紫峰大厦, alsoGreenland Square Zifeng Tower) is a 450-metre (1,480ft)supertallskyscrapercompleted in April 2010 inNanjing,China. The 89-story building features retail and office space in the lower section, and restaurants and a public observatory near the top. The towers step

33、ping is functional, helping separate these sections. The mixed-use tower, which overlooksXuanwu Lake, became thesecond tallest building in Chinaand the5th tallest building in the worldwhen topped out in 2008. An observation deck on the 72nd floor, 287m (942ft) above ground, provides an unobstructed,

34、 panoramic view of Nanjing and the nearbyYangtze River, two lakes and the Ningzheng Ridge mountains.Marshall StrabalaandAdrian Smith, who also worked together to designBurj Khalifa, designed the competition winning building for the Nanjing Greenland Financial Center.2The design was taken over byGord

35、on Gillunder the guidance of Adrian Smith throughout the post-competition design of the building complex.3The complex was designed while all three of these architects worked atSkidmore, Owings and Merrill.4See also List of tallest buildings in the world List of tallest buildings and structures in th

36、e world List of architects of supertall buildingsReferences1. Nanjing Greenland Financial Center.Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. 9 January 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2009.2. Monolith Maker. Arabian Business. 9 January 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2009.3. Nanjing Greenland Financial Center.Adrian Smith +

37、 Gordon Gill Architecture. Retrieved 31 January 2009.4. Nanjing Greenland Financial Center. Emporis. Retrieved 31 January 2009.External links SOMs project page of Nanjing Greenland Financial Center Adrian Smith designers portfolio page of Nanjing Greenland Financial Center E(General database of skys

38、crapers) S(Diagrams of buildings and structures) 译文2005年开工建设2010年完成2010年开业高度:天线尖顶450米（1,480英尺）屋顶381米（1,250英尺）顶层339米（一千一百一十二英尺）技术细节楼层数89（2层地下室）设计与施工:SOM建筑师阿德里安史密斯结构工程师: Skidmore, Owings and Merrill南京绿地金融中心（简体中文：南京紫峰大厦，绿地广场紫峰大厦也）是450米（1,480英尺）的超高层摩天大楼2010年4月完成南京，中国。在89层的建筑特色的零售和办公空间的下段，餐馆和公共天文台附近的顶部。塔

39、的加强是功能，帮助这些部分分开。混合使用的塔，俯瞰玄武湖，成为第二个最高的建筑在中国和第五，在世界上最高的建筑物时，超过2008年出来。在第72楼的观景台，287米的地面（942英尺），提供了一个通畅，南京和附近的长江，两湖和Ningzheng岭山脉尽收眼底。马歇尔Strabala和阿德里安史密斯，通力合作，设计哈利法塔，同时也赢得了南京绿地金融中心建设。而阿德里安史密斯指导戈登吉尔完成了该建筑群的后期的设计工作。复杂的设计， Skidmore，Owings和美林这些建筑师三个工作王城参见名单是世界上最高的建筑物名单中最高的建筑物和构筑物的世界超高层建筑物的名单建筑师编辑参考文献“南京绿地金融中心“。斯基德莫尔，奥因斯和美林。2009年1月9日。查阅2009年1月14日。“整体式制造者“。阿拉伯业务。2009年1月9日。查阅2009年1月14日。“南京绿地金融中心“。阿德里安史密斯+戈登鳃结构。查阅2009年1月31号。“南京绿地金融中心“。Emporis。查阅2009年1月31号。编辑外部链接SOM的南京绿地金融中心项目页面阿德里安史密斯设计的南京绿地金融中心组合页面E（一般摩天大楼的数据库）S（图表建筑物，构筑物）指导教师审阅意见：指导教师：年 月 日