医学影像学总论68062

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1、Medical Imaging in General医学影像学总论RenHua Wu,Dr.med.吴仁华Medical Imaging医学影像学 Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen,X-ray,1895 Diagnostic Radiology 放射诊断 Conventional X-ray imaging X-ray computed tomography,CT Digital subtraction angiography Diagnostic Imaging 影像诊断 Incl.MRI,Ultrasonography,Nuclear imaging Intervention

2、al Radiology 介入放射 I.Conventional X-Ray Imaging 常规X线lX-rays X线线 X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation or energy of extremely short wavelength(0.000650nm)0.0310.008nml Production of X-ray X线的产生 (1)Free electrons(2)High velocity(3)Sudden stop on target (1)X-ray tube(2)Transformers(3)ConsoleCha

3、racteristics of X-RayX线的特征lPenetration 穿透性lFluorescent effect 荧光效应 screen coated with a substance(phosphor)image amplificationlPhotographic effect 感光效应 emulsion containing silver bromide,ionicmetalliclIonization effect 电离效应Fundamentals of X-Ray Imaging X线诊断的基础lX-ray characteristicslDensities and thi

4、ckness of human body High density Medium density Low densityMethods of Examination检查方法 Simple X-ray examination Fluoroscopy Radiography Methods of Examination检查方法 Special X-ray examination Tomography Mammography OthersMethods of Examination检查方法 Contrast Examination Contrast medium Introduction React

5、ionsProper Selection of Examinations合理检查lDiagnosis purposelAvoid unnecessary expenditureX-Ray Diagnosis and AnalysisX线诊断和分析lThorough observationlExact analysis Site and distribution,number,size,shape,density,outline,etc.lThe essence of lesions diseases/signslCorrelated with the clinical dataProtecti

6、on from X-RayX线防护 lShould not be overlookedlUnnecessary fear should not be bourn in mindII.X-Ray Computed TomographyCTlHounsfield 1969lClinical application 1972lNobel prize 1979Principle 原理lAnalog/digital converter Voxel,digital matrixlDigital/analog converter Pixel,CT imageCT EquipmentCT装置lRegular

7、CT Scanner,computer,imaging scan time,resolution,functionlSpiral CT Tuber continuous rotation Table continuous moving Multiple-slice spiral CTlElectron Beam CTCT image CT影像lMatrix 矩阵 Spatial resolutionlGray scale 灰阶 Density resolutionlHounsfield unit(HU)lSerial tomographic images 系列断层CT TechniquesCT

8、技术lPlain CT scanlContrast enhancement CTlHigh resolution CTlNew techniques Rendering technique Endoscopy64层CT 容积采集volume multislice CT acquisition Normal 3D VRT and MIP of the lungAnalysis and Diagnosis of CT images CT诊断和分析lWindow techniclSerial sliceslDensity,CT valuelEnhancementlOthers similar to

9、conventional X-ray imagesValue of CT imagingCT影像的价值lCentral nervous systemlHead and NecklChestlAbdomenlMusculoskeletalIII.Digital Subtraction Angiography(DSA)数字减影血管造影lIntroduction Digital fluorography ADC SubtractionlTechniques Intra-arterial DSA Intravenous DSAClinical Application临床应用lSubstitute re

10、gular angiographylInterventional proceduresIV.Ultrasonography 超声lBrief IntroductionTumor of urinary bladderV.Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)磁共振成像1930s I.I.Rabi1946 Purcell,Bloch 1952 Nobel Prize1971 Damadian 1973 Lauterbur 1974 mouse imaging1978 Mallard,Hutchison,Lauterbur1980 Commercial MR scannerP

11、hysical foundations物理基础lLongitudinal magnetization 纵向磁化lTransverse magnetization横向磁化lLongitudinal relaxation纵向驰豫lTransverse relaxation横向驰豫lLongitudinal relaxation time(063%),T1lTransverse relaxation time(m37%),T2Physical foundationslRadiofrequency(RF)pulse 射频脉冲lRF sequence 射频序列lRepetition time(TR)重复

12、时间lEcho time(TE)回波时间lT1-weighted imaging T1加权像lT2-weighted imagingT2加权像lPD-weighted imaging质子加权像Magnet磁体lPermanent magnetlResistive magnetlSuperconducting magnetCoil线圈lGradient coillVolume coillSurface coilCharacteristics of MRI磁共振成像的特征lMultiple parameters 多参数lMultiple orientations 多方向lFlow void phe

13、nomenon 流空现象lProton relaxation enhancement effect质子驰豫增强效应 Contrast enhancement 增强Techniques技术lPulse sequenceslFat suppressionlContrast enhancementlMR angiographylLiquid imaginglPerfusion and diffusionlfMRIlSpectroscopylSome are not suitable for examinationlMRI diagnosislAdvantage of MRIVI.Application of Various imagingVII.Digital Radiography,PACS,Information Radiology