同位语从句

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1、同位语从句(appositive clause)一定义 是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，从句作同 位语表示与之同位的名词（短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词（短语）加 以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。详细信息 一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或 其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表 示的具体内容。如：I heard the news

2、that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。I had no idea that you were here .我不知道你在这里。二. 常见的可以跟同位语从句的词（抽象名词） news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility 等。如：Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you 我从王aft ernoon 先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看

3、你了。用法：同位语从句的先行词多为 fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关 联词多用从属连词。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick对你生病这件事，他们都 很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russ

4、ia. 德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词 whether 引导。如：I have no idea whether he ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。The question who should do the work requires consideration 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考 虑。We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our

5、 summer vacation.到哪儿去 度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。1. that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别?that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句句法功能上that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。 在从句中不充当句子成分。 不可省。that 替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用， 还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作 动词的宾 语时可省略。 意义上 从句是被修饰名词的内容。 从句起限定作用，是定语 如： The news that Mr. Li will be our new Englis

6、h teacher is true. （同位语从句， that 不可省） 李 先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。The news （that） he told me yesterday is true. （定语从句， that 在从句中作的宾语，可省）他昨天 告诉我的消息是真的。2. 些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+ 动词原形表示。should 可省。女口： This is our only request that this （should） be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解

7、决这个问题。三常见引导词英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that， whether，连接副词how,when,where等。（注： if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）如：l have no idea When he will be back .我不知道他什么时候回来。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.I gave the girl a

8、big doll ,exactly what she longed to have.四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如： Several years later， word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它

9、前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的 名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：The news that l have passed the exam is true. 我通过了考试这一消息是真的。 （同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。）The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）2、引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关 系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中

10、充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。）The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。（that 在从句中作 gave 的宾语。）1. 名词作同位语Mr Wang, my child s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要 来看我们。2.

11、 短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other childre n我，作为家里最大的女孩， 老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只 克隆羊吗？”4. 句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean

12、ships can sail up theGreat lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。同位语从句用法 同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较固定 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名 词表示的具体内容。I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion, words （消息），

13、possibility 等。Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我从 王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that, whether,连接副词how,when,where等。（注： if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问 题。四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名

14、词后面,而被别的词隔开。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃 出城了。同位语从句-引导词同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that, whether,连接代词和连接副 词等。1. 连词 that 引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的 that 不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做 好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作 idea 的

15、同位语）【注意 1】在某些名词（如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution 等）后面的同位语从句要用虚 拟语气There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离 队。【注意 2】引导同位语从句的连词 that 通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提 箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞

16、机了。2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否 请专家由家庭医生来定。【注意】whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。其它引导词引导的同位 语从句连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句1）.I have no idea what size shoes she wears我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what 作定语）2）.I have

17、 no idea which wine is bestit s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是 个人口味的问题。（ which 作定语）3）.The question who will take his place is still not clear. （ who 作主语）4. 连接副词引导同位语从句 连接副词 when, where, how, whyWe haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去 度暑假,这个问题

18、我们还没有决定。同位语从句-相关语法 一、同位语从句在句中的位置1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如 news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message 等）的 后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。I ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he wod t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王 先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔 式同位语从句。The thought came to

19、 her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home .她突然想起可 能在她离开家时没把门关上。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？三、同位语从句的语气在 suggestion， advice， request， order 等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句 中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的s

20、hould可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer. 老师给我们提出了一些如何 使用电脑的建议。四、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, abilit y 等等。How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didnt fe

21、el the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉 得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼 作其后 that 同位语从句的先行词。I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词 it 后的 that 从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种 it 后的that从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。You must se to it that the children dont catch

22、cold.（=You must see to it, and It is that the children dont catch cold.）你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。同位语从句-语法区别与定语从句的的语法区别：1意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语 从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴（news的内容就是 that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句）We are g

23、lad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。（that从句是 限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that 从句为定语从句）2. 引导词的不同 what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。 3. 引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充 当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us 中的 that 就充当 told 的宾语。4. 被修饰词语的区

24、别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有 hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where引导定语 从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定； 又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定： I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。 （同位语从句）Ill never forget the days when I liv

25、ed there. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。 （定语从句） 同位语从句 -特殊形式1.间隔同位语从句 同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位 语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday简析： 由于 that 从句太长， 为避免句子失去平衡， 此处用了间隔同位语从句2. suggestion,request和order等名词后的

26、同位语从句用虚拟语气。She made a request that the doctor（should）be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。简析： suggestion， order， request， proposal， requirement， command， advice， proposition 和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“（should+）动词原形” 的形式，其中 should 一词可省略。3. 短语及固定句式后的同位语从句I will come on condition that John is invit

27、ed .如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。简析：短语 On condition, on supposition, on the ground（s）, on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption 及 句 式 There BE+no doubt（hope,chance,possibility）后的 that 从句为同位语从句。同位语从句-雅思例句1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.2 We hold

28、this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.4 Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunityto have a deeper understanding of their own countrys tradition and culture

29、s.（名词性从句）1. he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.（2007 上海卷）A. ThatB. WhatC. Whether D. Where2. The traditional view is we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us doso.（2007 上海卷）A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. that3. Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales

30、,please? （2007 山东卷）A. anyoneB. someoneC. whoeverD. nomatter who4. matters most in learning English is enough practice.（2007 全国卷 II）A. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which5. You can only be sure ofyou have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might getin the future.（2007 安徽卷）A. that; whatB, what: /C

31、. which; thatD. /; that6. Wheres that report?I brought it to you you were in Mr.Blacks office yesterday.（2007 北京卷）A. ifB, whenC. becauseD. befor7. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself. （2007福建卷）A.howB.whatC.whichD.when8. Having checked the doors were closed , an

32、d all the lights were off, the boy openedthe door to his bedroom.（2007 湖南卷）A. whyB. thatC. whenD. where9. Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for. （2007 江苏卷）A. whatB. whyC. howD. whether10. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. （2007 陕西卷）A.ThatB.WhichC.

33、WhatD.As11. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more ofyou read. （2007上海春）A. thatB. whatC. which D. whether12. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make it is . （2007 天津卷）A. whatB. whichC. howD. where13. Why not try your luck

34、 downtown, Bob? Thats the best jobs are.（ 2007 浙江卷）A. whereB. whatC. whenD. why（08全国I卷） 25. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt theseason.A. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. however（ 08 山东卷） 23. was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. ItB. ThisC. WhatD.

35、As（08 北京卷） 30. The companies are working together to createthey hope will be thebest means of transport in the 21st century.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who（08 天津卷） 12. The last time we had great fun was we were visiting the Water Park.A. whereB. howC. whenD. why（08 重庆卷） 25. People in Chongqing are prou

36、d of _ they have achieved, in the past ten years. A. that B. which C, what D. how（08 安徽卷） 29. Students are always interested in finding out they can go with a newteacher.A. how farB. how soonC. how often D. how long（ 08 福建卷） 27. is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place inBei

37、jing.A. ItB, WhatC. AsD. Which（08 湖南卷） 29. When asked they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.A. what B. why C. whom D. which（08 江西卷） 34. Animals suffered at the hands of Man _ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural to provide food for more people.

38、A. in whichB. for whichC. so thatD. in that（08 浙江卷）4. _wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who（08浙江卷）6. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from their parents speak at home.A. whatB. thatC. which D. one（08 重庆卷）3

39、3. All people, _ they are old or young, rich or poor, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.A. even ifB. whetherC. no matterD. however（08 上海卷）34. As his best friend , I can make accurate guesses about _he will do or think.A. whatB. whichC. whomD. that（08

40、上海卷）36. It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that09 重庆）11 We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where【答案】A（09 江苏）

41、12.Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. asB. thatC. which D. what【答案】 D（ 09 山东） 13. The little girl who got lost decided to remain she was and wait torher mother.A. whereB. whatC. howD. who【答案1A remain是系动词

42、，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。（09 安徽）1. a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of theproject.A. It hasB. They haveC. It remainsD. There remains【答案】D（09 湖南）2. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to saveher life.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever【答案】

43、C 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备 好做一切来拯救她的生命。（09 江西）3. The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer andwarmer these years.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. though【答案】C间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是the fact和that引导的同位语从句中 间隔了谓语部分。（09 海南）4. Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales please?A.

44、 whoB. whatC. whoeverD. whatever【答案】C whoever 既作了 to 的宾语，又作 is in charge of International Sales please?的主 语。“whoever作代词，/ any person who / the person who / “任何人、“无论谁、“的人。（09 陕西）5. The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever【答案】 D 此处从做介词 to 的宾语

45、，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意 思是：无论是谁，选 D（09 海南）6. One of the most important questions they had to consider wasof publichealthA. whatB. thisC. thatD. which【答案】C句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，that作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that+名词”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。（09 上海）7. As a new diplomat, he often thinks ofhe can react more approp

46、riatelyon such occasions.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. how【答案】D（09 四川）8. News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted toBeijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where【答案】C在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把 同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。（09 天津）9. It is obvious to the students

47、they should get well prepared for theirfuture.A. as B. which C. whether D. that【答案】D（09 浙江）10.Is there any possibilityyou could pick me up at the airport?No problem.A. WhenB. thatC. whetherD. what【答案】B用适当的连接词填空：It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.2.I have no idea we can do with these wast

48、e materials.3. the doctor really doubts ismy mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.It is hopednature will never be destroyed.5. do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?6. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that you had a few days off?7. Word cameI was wanted

49、at the office.8. Do you know of them will be our new headmaster?9. The teacher didnt tell me we were wrong.10. Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.B.单项选择It was true Alice did surprised her mother.A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that2. Does matter much he cant come

50、to the meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether3. -What are you anxious about?- A. How can we succeedB. Whether we can succeedC. When can we succeedD. Thatwe can succeed4. The reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever andhard-working.A. why, why B.

51、why, that C. that, because D. for, because5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Who B. Whoever C.Anyone D. The person6.I really dont know I had this photo taken.A. where it was thatB. it was thatC. where it was D. it was why7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can

52、t remember .A. where B. thereC. whichD. that8. -What do you think of China?-different life is today from it used to be.A. How, what B. What, what C. How, thatD. What, that9. Give this to you think can do the work well.A. whoB. whomC. whoever D. whomever10. troubles me is I cant learn all these Engli

53、sh idioms by heart.A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that答案 A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever B. 15 CABBB 610 ACACD练 习 二 1.The fact she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which2.The fact he was succ

54、essful proves his ability.A.that B.what C.which D.why3.The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what B.that C.why D.when4. His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./D.it5.I have no idea he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./6.Ive come from the government with a

55、 message the meeting wont be held tomorrow.A.if B.that C.whether D.which7. The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that8. The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear he would die of the disease.A.that B.as C.of which D.which10. He often asked me the question the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.thatD.when 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA