土力学词汇英文翻译

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1、土力学词汇英汉对照编写人： 邵 俐审核人： 刘松玉、张克恭东南大学交通学院二00五年三月11Aabsorbed water 吸着水accumulation sedimentation method 累积沉淀法active earth pressure主动土压力Ea activity index 活性指数A adamic earth,red soil 红粘土 additional stress(pressure)of subsoil 地基附加应力（压力）sz adverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象aeolian soils 风积土aeolotropic soil 各向

2、异性土air dried soils 风干土 allowable subsoil bearing capacity地基容许承载力s 0 allowable settlement 容许沉降alluvial soil 冲积土angle between failure plane and major principal plane 破坏面与大主平面的夹角 angle of internal，external (wall) friction 内摩擦角j 、外(墙背)摩擦角 angular gravel,angular pebble 角砾anisotropic soil 各向异性土aquifer 含水层

3、aquifuge,impermeabler layer 不透水层 area of foundation base 基础底面面积A artesian water head 承压水头artificial fills 人工填土artificial foundation 人工地基 Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限 attitude 产状average consolidation pressure 平均固结压力average heaving ratio of frozen soil layer 冻土层的平均冻胀率h average pressure ,additional pressure

4、of foundation base 基底平均压力、平均附加压力p 、p0 B base tilt factor of foundation 基础倾斜系数bc、bq 、bgbase tilt factors基底倾斜系数bc、bq、bg bearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factors 承载力系数Nc, 、Nq, 、Ng CaliforniaBearing Ratio CBR 承载比bearing stratum 持力层bedrock,original rock 基岩 beginning hydraulic gradient 起始水力梯度(坡降)io Bi

5、ot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Bishops slice method 比肖普条分法 bound water 结合水(束缚水) boulder 漂石Boussinesq theory 布辛奈斯克理论bridge 桥梁bridge pier 桥墩broken stone，crushed stone 碎石bulk modulus 体积模量buried depth of foundation 基础埋置深度d buoyant density 浮密度rbuoyant gravity density(unit weight)浮重度（容重）gCCalifornia Bearin

6、g Ratio(CBR) 加州承载比capillary rise 毛细水上升高度capillary water 毛细（管）水categorization of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级cementation 胶结作用central load 中心荷载（轴心荷载）characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力特征值fakchemical grouting 化学灌浆circular footing 圆形基础clay 粘土 clay content 粘粒含量 clay minerals 粘土矿物 claye

7、y silt 粘质粉土 clayey soils ,clayly soils 粘性土coarse aggregate 粗骨料coarse-grained soils 粗粒土 coarse sand 粗砂cobble 卵石Code for design of building foundation 建筑地基基础设计规范 coefficient of active earth pressure主动土压力系数Ka coefficient of passive earth pressure被动土压力系数KPcoefficient of collapsibility湿陷系数ds coefficient

8、of compressibility 压缩系数a coefficient of curvature 曲率系数Cccoefficient of earth pressure at rest 静止土压力系数K0 coefficient of lateral pressure 侧压力系数K0 coefficient of permeability 渗透系数k coefficient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of vertical consolidation 竖向固结(压密)系

9、数cv.coefficient of vertical ，horizontal permeability 竖向、水平向渗透系数khcoefficient of vertical ，horizontal，tangential additional stress beneath a uniform strip load 均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数asz 、asx、asxzcoefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a uniform round load at centre point

10、均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数ar、coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a triangular distributed rectangle load at corner point三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数at1、at2、coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress of beneath a uniform rectangle load at corner point 均布矩形

11、荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数ac、coefficient of vertical additional stress beneatha concentration load 集中应力系数coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coefficient of volume compression 体积压缩系数mV coefficient of weathering 风化系数cohesionless soils 无粘性土 cohesive soils 粘性土 collapsibility 湿陷性compactibility 压实性compaction by rolling

12、 碾压法compaction test 击实试验compaction factor 压实系数lc compactness 密实度 composite ground 复合地基compressibility 压缩性compression index压缩指数Cc compression(constrained modulus) 压缩（侧限）模量Escompression zone 受力层，压缩层compression-curves 压缩曲线（e-p和e-logp曲线） compressive strength 抗压强度concentrated load 集中力P staticcone penetra

13、tion testCPT 静力触探试验confined water head 承压水头 confining pressure 周围压力consistency 稠度 consistency limit 稠度界限consolidated quick (direct) shear test 固结快剪（直剪）试验 consolidated quick shear cohesion、angle of internal friction 固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角ccq 、jcqconsolidated undrained triaxial compression test CU-test 固结不排水三轴压

14、缩试验 consolidated-undrained cohesion、angle of internal friction 固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角ccu、jcuconsolidation apparatus固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪consolidation curve 固结 (d-和d-logt曲线) consolidation settlement 固结沉降scconsolidation test (contain compression test ) 固结(压密)试验（含有压缩试验） constrained diameter of soil partical限制粒径 d60 const

15、rained modulus 侧限模量Escontact stress( pressure) 接触应力（压力）contaminated soil 污染土 corner-point method 角点法 Coulombs theory of earth pressure 库伦土压力理论 creep 蠕变 critical edge、critical, ultimate load of subsoil bearing capacity地基承载力的临塑荷载pcr、临界荷载p1/3 p1/4、极限荷载pucritical height of slope （土坡）临界高度critical hydraul

16、ic gradient 临界水力梯度icr critical void raio 临界孔隙比crushed stone,broken stone 碎石culvert 涵洞cushion 垫层cyclic triaxial test 周期三轴试验Ddamping ratio 阻尼比l Darcys law 达西定律Debris flow 泥石流deep foundation 深基础 deep mixing method 深层搅拌法degree of compaction 压实度lc degree of consolidation 固结度U degree of saturation 饱和度Sr d

17、ensification by sand pile 挤密砂桩 density 密度depth factor of foundation 基础深度系数dc、dq、dg differential settlement 沉降差dike,levee 堤dilatancy 剪胀性diluvial fan 洪积扇diluvial soils 洪积土 direct shear test 直接剪切试验dispersive clay 分散性粘土disturbed samples 扰动土样double layer 双电层drainage cohesion, angle of internal friction 排

18、水剪粘聚力、内摩擦角cd、jddrained shear strength 排水抗剪强度tdconsolidateddrained triaxialcompressiontest CD-test固结排水三轴压缩试验 drift-sand 流砂现象dry density 干密度rd dry gravity density (unit weight) 干重度(容重)gd dynamic elastic modulus 动弹性模量Ed dynamic load 动荷载dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验dynamic triaxial test 动三轴试验 dynamic

19、shear modulus 动剪切模量Gd dynamic strain，stress 动应变ed、动应力sd EEarth dam 土坝Earth material 土料earth pressure at rest 静止土压力E0 earthquake engineering 地震工程学earthrock dam 土石坝earthwork 土石方工程eccentric load 偏心荷载 eccentricity of foundation base loading (result of forces) 基础底面荷载合力偏心距eeffective angle of internal fric

20、tion 有效内摩擦角j effective cohesion 有效粘聚力c effective grain size 有效粒径d10effective stress 有效应力s effective stress pathESP 有效应力路径 elastic modulus，Youngs modulus 弹性模量E electro-osmosis 电渗 embankments 路堤engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地质柱状图engineering geologic exploration 工程地质勘察engineering geologic dri

21、lling 工程地质钻探engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价engineering geologic map 工程地质图engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘engineering geologic profile 工程地质剖面图engineering geology 工程地质学environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程学 equipotential lines 等势线 excavation 开挖excess hydrostatic pressure 超静水压力excess pore water pr

22、essure (stress)超孔隙水压力(应力) expansibility and contractility 胀缩性expansion ,swelling index 回弹指数Ce expansive soil 膨胀土experience factor of settlement calculation 沉降计算经验系数Ffactor of safety 安全系数failure strength 破坏强度failure surface 破坏面fault 断层field identification 土的现场鉴别field observation 现场观测fill 填土film water

23、，film moisture 薄膜水 filter 反滤层final settlement 最终沉降量s final settlement by settlement observation calculating 沉降观测推算的最终沉降量s fine sand 细砂fine-grained soils, fines 细粒土fissured soils 裂隙粘土fissured water 裂隙水flocculent structure 絮凝结构 flow line 流线flow net 流网 fold 褶皱flowing sand 流砂现象fluvial soils 冲积土footing ，

24、foundation 基础foundation settlement 地基（基础）沉降fraction 粒组free swelling ratio自由膨胀率def free water 自由水 free water elevation ，surface 地下水位freezing method 冻结法friction coefficient of foundation base 基底摩擦系数frictionresistance ratio摩阻比frost boiling 翻浆frozen heaving properties 冻胀性frozen soils 冻土GGapgraded soil不连

25、续级配土General-shear failure 整体剪切破坏generalized procedure of slicesGPS 普通条分法verticalgeostatic(self weight) stress (pressure) 竖向自重应力（压力）c、czgeosynthetics 土工合成材料geotechnical engineering 岩土工程geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察geotextiles 土工织物glacial soils 冰积土grading curve 级配曲线 grain size 粒径 grain size accumu

26、lation curve 粒径累计（积）曲线 granularity 粒度gravel 圆砾gravelly sand 砾砂gravelly soils 砾类土 gravitational acceleration 重力加速度g gravitational water 重力水 gravity density 重力密度g gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙ground tilt factor 地面倾斜系数gc、gq、ggground treatment 地基处理ground water 地下水、潜水ground water level GWL,groundwater ele

27、vation ,surface, ground water tableGWT 地下水位groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学grouting 灌浆Hhalf-space(semi-infinite body) 半空间（半无限体） Hansens formula of ultimate bearing capacity 汉森极限承载力公式hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度head of water 水头H heavy dynamic penetration testHDPT 重型动力触探试验height of retaining wall 挡土墙高度H

28、heigth of tensile area 拉力区高度h0 high liquid limit clay ,moCH,MH 高液限粘土、粉土 highway 公路honeycomb structure 蜂窝结构 hydraulic gradient 水力梯度I hydraulic head 水头Hhydrometer method 比重计法 hydrostatic pressure 静水压力 Iillite 伊利石 immediate settlement 瞬时沉降sd impermeable lager，impervious stratum不透水层 inclined load 倾斜荷载 i

29、nfluence coefficients of settlement 沉降影响系数w、wo、wc、wm、wrinitial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力initial tangent modulus 初始切线模量Eiinorganic mineral substance 无机矿物质in-situ test 原位测试in-situ bearing test 现场承载力试验 intermediam liquid limit clay CI 中液限粘土internal friction angle 内摩擦角internal scour 潜蚀isotropic soil各向同性土

30、 JJanbus method of slices 杨布条分法 jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法joint 节理Kkaolinite 高岭石 karst land feature 喀斯特地貌K0consolidation K0固结 Llaminar flow 层流 landslide 滑坡land subsidence 地面下沉lateral geostatic stress 侧向自重应力cx, cylaterite 红土layer-wise summation method 分层总和法 length of foundation base 基础底面长度l limit eq

31、uilibrium condition 极限平衡条件 limit of plasticity 塑限wPlinear shrinkage ratio 线缩率line load 线荷载 liquefaction 液化 liquefaction resistance 抗液化强度 liquid limitLL 液限wL liquidity indexLI 液性指数IL loading test 载荷试验 local shear failure 局部剪切破坏 loess 黄土logarithmic spiral 对数螺旋线 low liquid limit clay,moCL,ML 低液限粘土、粉土 M

32、Magmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩浆岩（火成岩）major, intermediate, minor principle stress 大、中、小主应力s1、s2、s3 marine soils 海积土mass circle sliding method 整体圆弧滑动法maximum ，minimum void ratio 最大、最小孔隙比emax、emin maximum 、minimum pressure of foundation base 基底最大、最小压力pmax、pminmaximum, minimum dry density 最大、最小干密度rdmax、

33、rdmin maximum dry density 最大干密度maximum expanded depth of plasticity region 塑性区最大发展深度zmax median grain diameter 中值粒径d30 medium sand 中砂meniscus 弯液面metamorphic rock 变质岩method of slice 条分法mingle soils 混合土miscellaneous fill杂填土 mo,silts,silty soils 粉土(粉性土、粉质土)modulus of deformation, elasticity 变形模量E0 弹性模量

34、E modulus of recompression 再压缩模量modulus of resilience 回弹模量Mohr-Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律 moisture-density test 击实试验 moisture ,water content 含水量(率)wmontmorillonite 蒙脱石muck, muck soils 淤泥、淤泥质土mulching soils 覆盖土mud pumping 翻浆冒泥Nnatural angle of repose自然（天然）休止角 nomal stress 法向应力sx、sy、sz non-cohesive soils 无粘性土

35、 non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降normally consolidation 归一化 normally consolidated soilsN.C.soils 正常固结土 Ooptimum moisture content 最优含水率organic soil 有机质土Oedometer modulus 侧向压缩模量Eoed、Esoedometer 固结仪、压缩仪、渗透仪one-dimensional consolidation 单向固结 （压密） optimum moisture，（water） content 最优含水量(率)woporganic soil 有机质土

36、，有机土 organic substance,organic matter 有机质original rock 基岩over coarse-grained soils 巨粒土overburden soils 覆盖土 overconsolidated soilsO.C,soils 超固结(过压密)土overconsolidation ratio OCR 超固结（过压密）比 Pparameters of shear strength 抗剪强度参数 partical size 粒径 partical size analysis 颗粒分析试验 passive earth pressure 被动土压力Ep

37、 path of percolation 渗透途径H peat 泥炭 pebble 圆砾penetration resistace 贯入阻力 percent of soil particles 土粒百分含量piperched water 上层滞水 perennially frozen soil 多年冻土permeable layer ,pervious stratum 透水层 permeability 渗透性permeability test 渗透试验phreatic line 浸润线phreatic water 潜水、地下水 physical properties of rock 岩石的物理

38、性质 piezocone testCPTU 孔压静力触探试验 piezometric head 测压管水头 piezometer head 测压管水头h piping 管涌 plane strain test 平面应变试验plastic failure 塑性破坏 plastic flow 塑流plastic limitPL 塑限wP plastic strain 塑性应变 plastic zone 塑性区 plasticity chart 塑性图plasticity indexPI 塑性指数Ip plate loading test 平板载荷试验 point loading 点荷载试验 Poi

39、ssons ratio 泊松比 poorly-graded soils 不良级配土pore air pressure 孔隙气压力pore water pressure(stress) 孔隙水压力（应力）upore pressure(stress) parameters 孔隙压力（应力）系数A、B pore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比porewater 孔隙水porosity 孔隙率n preconsolidation pressure 先（前）期固结压力pc preloading method 预压法pressure bulb 压力泡 pressuremeter testPMT

40、旁（横）压试验 primary consolidation 主固结 primary mineral 原生矿物 principal stress 主应力s1、s2、s3 principle of effective strress 有效应力原理 proctor compactiontest普罗克特击实试验 proportional limit load 比例界限荷载pprpumping test 抽水试验 punching-shear failure 冲切剪切破坏 Qquality of soil, soil particles (solids),water土、土粒、水的质量m、ms、 mw Q

41、uaternary deposit 第四纪沉积层 quicksand 流砂现象 quick shear cohesion, angle of internal friction 快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角cq 、jqquickshear test 快剪试验 RRadius of influence 影响半径Rankines theory of earth pressure 朗肯土压力理论 rate of settlement 沉降速率 ratio of length to width 长宽比m rebound modulus 回弹摸量recompression curve 再压缩曲线rectangu

42、lar footing 矩形基础 red clay ,adamic earth 红粘土regional soils 特殊性土，区域性土relative density RD 相对密(实)度Dr residual deformation 残余变形residual soils 残积土 residual strength 残余强度rubble ，rubble-stone 块石 running sand 流砂现象rupture surface 破坏面 Ssaline soil 盐积土sand drain 排水砂井sand particle content 砂粒含量 sand boiling 砂沸（涌）

43、现象、喷水冒砂sandy silt 砂质粉土 sandy soils, sands 砂土(砂类土、砂性土、砂质土) saturated density 饱和密度sat saturated gravity density 饱和重度gsat scale effect 尺度效应screw plate loading testSPLT 螺旋板载荷试验 seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土secondary compression （consolidation）index 次压缩（固结）指数Casecondary compression (consolidation) settleme

44、nt ,creep settlement 次压缩（固结）沉降ss secondary mineral 次生矿物 secondary red clay 次生红粘土seepageflow 渗流（漏） seepage deformation 渗透变形 seepage failure 渗透破坏 seepage discharge 渗流量Q seepage force 渗流力（动水力）GD seepage line 浸润线(渗流线)seepage velocity 渗流速度v seepage path 渗径verticale self weight (geostatic)stress (pressure

45、)竖向自重应力（压力）cz 、csemiinfinite elastic 半无限弹性体sensitivity 灵敏度Stsettlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度znshallow foundation 浅基础shape factor of foundation 基础形状系数sc、sq、sg shear failure 剪切破坏shear modulus 剪切模量G shear resistance 剪阻力或抗剪力 shear strain 剪应变shear strength 抗剪强度tf shear strength envelope 抗剪强度包线shear st

46、ress 剪应力t sheet pile wall 板桩墙 shrinkage limitSL 缩限ws sieve analysis test 筛分试验 silty clay 粉质粘土silty sand 粉砂silty soils,silts,mo 粉土(粉性土、粉质土)single-grained structure 单粒结构size fraction 粒组slip surface 滑动面slope stability 土坡稳定性 slope wash,slope materials 坡积土 slow shear cohesion，angle of internal friction慢剪

47、粘聚力、内摩擦角cs、jsslow(direct)shear test 慢剪试验soft clay 软粘土soft foundation 软弱地基 soil 土 soil classification 土的分类 soil cohesion， angle of internal friction 土的粘聚力c、内摩擦角jsoil dynamics 土动力学 soil fabric 土的组构soil flow 流土soil mechanics 土力学soil nailing 土钉soil sampler 取土器soil skeleton 土骨架 soil structure and texture

48、 土的结构和构造 soil supporting layer，substrate 地基持力层、下卧层 soil，foundation and superstructure interaction 地基、基础与上部结构相互作用soils and Foundations 地基及基础 soils improvement 地基处理special soils 特殊（性）土specific gravity of soil particles 土粒比重Gs specific penetration resistance 比贯入阻力ps specific surface 比表面（积） split test 劈

49、裂试验(巴西试验) SPT blow count 标准贯入试验锤击数N square footing 方形基础 stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性 stability against sliding抗滑稳定性 stability number 稳定数Nsstability number method 稳定数法standard penetration test SPT 标准贯入试验 static penetration testCPT 静力触探试验static failure strength 静力破坏强度sfstip foundation 条形基础Stokes

50、 law 司笃克斯定律Stones,stoney soils 碎石类土 stress、strain 应力s、应变e stress history，path,level 应力历史、路径、水平 stress concentration 应力集中strength envelope 强度包线strength of active earth pressure 主动土压力强度sastrength of passive earth pressure 主动土压力强度spstrength of earth pressure at rest 静止土压力强度s0strip load 条形荷载subgrade 路基、

51、地基subgrade reaction 地基反力superimposed pressure of foundation base 基底平均附加压力p0superimposed stress （pressure）of subsoil 地基附加应力(压力)sz surchargeload 超载surface tension 表面张力 surface water 地表水surface wave velocity method 表面波法Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧法swelling force 膨胀力swelling，expansion index 回弹(膨胀)指数Ceswel

52、ling ratio 膨胀率syncline 向斜Tgroundtable 地下水Terzaghis theory of one dimensional consolidation 太沙基一维固结理论Terzaghis ultimate bearing capacity 太沙基极限承载力thaw collapse 融陷thick wall sampler 厚壁取土器thinwall sampler 薄壁取土器thixotropy 触变性three phase diagram 三相图tilt factors of load荷载倾斜系数ic、iq、ig time factor 时间因数total

53、stress 总应力stotal stress path TSP总应力路径 transducer 传感器triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验 true triaxial test 真三轴试验 two-dimensional consolidation 二维固结（压密）two-dimensional flow 二维流turbulent flow 紊流Uultimate bearing capacity 极限承载力 unconfined compression strength of remolded soil重塑土的无侧限抗压强度qu unconfined compressive strength 无侧限抗压强度qu under consolidated soil 欠固结土 underground diaphragm wall 地下连续墙underlying stratum 下卧层undisturbed soil sample 不扰动土样(原状土样)