英语国家概况自考题

《英语国家概况自考题》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语国家概况自考题（13页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、英语国家概况自考题-19(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、B/B(总题数：35，分数：35.00)1.In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus, a (n) _ navigator, led his men to sail across the vast ocean and reached some small islands in the now West Indies. A. French B. Spanish C. Italian D. English（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 15世纪时期，意大利海员克里

2、斯托夫哥伦布率船员横渡大洋来到现在的西印度群岛的一些小岛上。2.The first Americans were _. A. the Black Slaves B. the Pilgrims C. the Indians D. the Hispanics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 “最早的美国人”是印第安人。没有人知道他们是什么时候或以什么方式来到这块现在称为美国的土地上的。3.The Pilgrims built a colony named _ after they arrived in America. A. Jamestown B. Boston C. Plymout

3、h D. Yorktown（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 1620年，201个英国清教徒乘坐一艘叫“五月花号”的船来到新大陆。他们来到普利茅斯建立了普利茅斯殖民地。4.The Pilgrims came to America in search of _. A. more land B. gold C. religious freedom D. wealth（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 为了逃避宗教迫害，新教徒们离开英国到荷兰的菜顿生活。尽管那里气氛比较宽容，但他们担心如果不采取措施，他们的子孙就会变成荷兰人。于是在1620年，201个英国清教徒乘坐一艘叫“五月花

4、号”的船来到新大陆。5.What were the causes of the War of Independence? _. A. The development of colonial economy led to demand for more power to determine their own business. B. The British government was to collect more taxes from the colonies. C. The sale of tea in the colonies. D. Both A and B.（分数：1.00）A.B

5、.C.D.解析：解析 十三个殖民地的经济发展非常迅速。随着经济的发展，殖民地人民需要更多来决定自己的事的权力。而英国政府的政策是控制殖民地的发展和收更多的税。这是美国独立战争爆发的主要原因。6.The three Puritan traditions are _. A. religious tolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learning B. religious dissent, aggressiveness and respect for learning C. religious intolerance, respec

6、t for achievement and respect for learning D. religious intolerance, aggressiveness, respect for achievement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 清教徒不允许在宗教上有异议(持不同的宗教信仰)。他们到美洲的目的不是为了实行宗教信仰宽容，而是要建立一个他们认为的真正的教会。他们认为高尚的地位和伟大的成就是“永恒天恩”(上帝的恩惠)的迹象，他们想把上帝的意志强加给其他种族。清教徒的传统还包括对知识的尊重，这促进了学校的建立和读、写能力的传播。这一切对美国资本主义的发展非常有益。7.I

7、n September 1774, the First Continental Congress was held in _, which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods. A. New York B. Boston C. Philadelphia D. Concord（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 1774年9月，第一次大陆会议在费城召开，号召北美人民拒绝购买英国的商品，殖民地的民兵组织也建立了。8.The American War of Independence began at _. A. Boston

8、 B. New York C. Lexington D. Plymouth（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 1775年4月19日，1000多名英国士兵从波士顿出发，去夺取存放在康科德的民兵组织的军需品。爱国者们早有提防。英国士兵一出发，北教堂塔楼上就有人迅速用灯笼把信息传递给保罗里维尔，保罗马上骑马去向村民报警，英军一到莱克星顿，就遇到了几十个武装民兵。先是突然一声枪响，然后便枪声大作。北美的独立战争爆发了。9.The leading body of the American Independence War was _. A. the Union B. Federalists C

9、. the Continental Congress D. the Constitution Convention（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 1774年9月，第一次大陆会议在费城召开，号召北美人民拒绝购买英国的商品，殖民地的民兵组织也建立了。莱克星顿和康科德战斗之后的第三周，第二次大陆会议再次在费城召开。代表们同意支持战争，大会建立了大陆陆军和海军，由弗吉尼亚的民兵指挥官乔治华盛顿任总司令。大会还指派一个委员会起草一份正式的宣言。可见美国独立战争的领导主体是大陆会议。10.American troops defeated the British at _ in Norther

10、n New York. This was a great turning point of the American War of Independence, leading directly to an alliance between the U.S. and France. A. Saratoga B. Trenton C. Lexington D. Yorktown（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 美国在纽约州北部的萨拉托加击败了英军。这次胜利是独立战争的伟大转折点，直接导致了美、法联军的建立。11.The political theory of American Revo

11、lution came from the well-known philosopher _. A. Thomas Jefferson B. Thomas Paine C. Alexander Hamilton D. John Locke（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 独立宣言清楚地阐明了支撑美国独立战争的政治理论，这一理论来源于英国的哲学家约翰洛克。12.Britain and America signed the Treaty of Paris in _ which recognized the independence of the United States. A. 177

12、6 B. 1801 C. 1783 D. 1778（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 1783年9月签订了巴黎条约，英国承认美国独立。13.In 1787, delegates from the states held a meeting in Philadelphia to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. The meeting came to be called the _. A. First Continental Congress B. Second Continental Congress C. Constituti

13、onal Convention D. Independent Convention（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 1787年5月在费城召开会议，讨论怎样使邦联条例能够比较适当。除罗得岛外，所有的州派代表都出席了这次制宪会议。14.At the Constitutional Convention in September 1787, the delegates who argued for a national system called themselves _. A. Republicans B. Democrats C. Anti-Federalists D. Federal

14、ists（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 那些在制宪会议上主张全国一体化并获胜的代表们，自称为联邦派。15.Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is not true? _ A. It is the supreme law of the land. B. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. C. It was adopted in 1781 at the Second Continental Congress. D. It provides the basis f

15、or political stability, economic growth and social progress.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 1777年11月大陆会议通过邦联草案，并交给各州讨论通过与否。1781年3月各州批准了这一文件，并称之为邦联条例。邦联条例是美国的一部成文的宪法。宪法是美国的最高法律。第二次大陆会议发生在1775年，选项C表述有误。16.The conflict at the Continental Convention was resolved by _, giving each state an equal vote in Senate. A

16、. the Great Compromise B. the Compromise of 1850 C. Federalist Papers D. the Bill of Rights（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 1787年7月16日通过的“大妥协”方案最终解决了各方分歧：各州在参议院中享有相等席位，而众议院的席位则应按各州的人口分配。17.The serious weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that there was no one to do the _. A. executives job B. legisla

17、tive job C. tax job D. government job（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 然而条例也有很多严重的缺陷，这一点美国人很快就认识到了。由于没有人做执行方面的工作，所以政府的各种事务很难处理。18.All the states except _ were represented at the Constitutional Convention. A. Delaware B. Virginia C. Massachusetts D. Rhode Island（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 1787年5月又在费城召开会议，讨论怎样使邦联条例能够

18、比较适当。除罗得岛外，所有的州派代表都出席了这次制宪会议。19.The three well-known authors who penned the Federalist Papers are _. A. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John Jay B. George Washington, James Madison and John Jay C. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay D. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams（

19、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 从1787年10月27日开始，纽约市的报纸上不断地刊登出致公众信，共有85封。后来人们得知这些信是亚历山大汉密尔顿、詹姆斯麦迪逊和约翰杰伊写的，这些信被称为联邦文集。20._ to the Constitution, as the foundation of the American constitutional system, were called the Bill of Rights. A. The first three amendments B. The first five amendments C. The first ten amen

20、dments D. The first twelve amendments（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 1789年，詹姆斯麦迪逊在众议院提出了一系列的修正法案，后来这些法案被起草成十二条修正法案提交各州讨论。其中有两条没被各州通过，其余十条于1791年通过，成为宪法的前十项修正案人权法案。从那时起美国就完成了宪法体制的建立。21.The Federalist Papers are regarded as the best explanation of the _. A. 19th Amendment B. Articles of Confederation C. Bill of

21、 Rights D.U.S. Constitution（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 联邦文集被认为是对宪法的最好的解释。22.The American Constitution was finally adopted in 1789 by a narrow margin on the understanding that _ after the Constitution came into force. A. Washington would be president of the U.S. B. the House of Representatives would be el

22、ected by each state C. a Bill of Rights would be amended D. each state would be equally represented in the Senate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 宪法于1787年12月首先被特拉华州通过，而在马萨诸塞州的会议上却遭到强烈反对，以致最后以宪法生效后要首先补充人权法案修正案为条件，宪法才以很小的差额获得通过。23.During the American westward movement, Democratic politician John L. OSullivan pr

23、oduced the famous theory of _. A. Isolationism B. Good Neighbor Policy C. Social Darwinism D. Manifest Destiny（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 美国的西部运动中产生了一个理论“天定命运论”。这一词语最早出现在民主党政治家约翰L沙利文的文章中。24.After the War with Mexico ended in 1848, Mexico was forced to agree to give _ to the United States. A. Florida and

24、New Orleans B. Louisiana and Ohio C. New England and Mississippi D. California and New Mexico（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 美国和墨西哥之间的战争始于1846年，止于1848年，由于签订了和平条约，墨西哥被迫同意把加利福尼亚和新墨西哥(即现在的亚利桑那州、新墨西哥州、犹他州、内华达州、科罗拉多州和怀俄明州)割让给美国。25.In 1853, in the _, another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the te

25、rritory of the USA. A. Atlantic Purchase B. Mexican Purchase C. Gadsden Purchase D. Louisiana Purchase（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 1853年又购买加兹登时，又附加另外3万平方英里的墨西哥土地(现在的亚利桑那南部和新墨西哥南部)给美国，作为回报，美国又付款1000万美元给墨西哥。26.After the United States bought the _ for only $15 million, its territory almost doubled. A. Ohio T

26、erritory B. Gadsden Territory C. Louisiana Territory D. New Mexico Territory（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 十八世纪九十年代，美国人越过了密西西比河，这促使拿破仑以1500万美元的价格把路易斯安那地区卖给了美国。27.During the drafting of the Declaration of Independence and the drafting of the Constitution, the issue of Negro slavery was _. A. not raised B. ra

27、ised but voted down C. bitterly debated D. raised but because of strong southern opposition it was put aside for a greater objective（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 在起草独立宣言和宪法的过程中，为了一个更伟大的目标，而把反对奴隶制放到了一边。28.Which of the following statements is not considered the valid reason for the disappearance of black sla

28、very in the American North in the early 1800s? A. The price of slaves was too high. B. Slavery was simply illegal in the North. C. The Africans could not stand cold winters in the North. D. As the North turned toward industry, mechanics and not farmhands were needed.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 奴隶制很快在北方消失

29、的原因为：(1)非洲人不能忍受北方寒冷的冬天；(2)奴隶的价钱比较高；(3)北方转向工业和机械制造业，需要的是机械师而不是农场工人。29.After much debate, the Compromise of 1850 was passed, which allowed _ to be accepted as a free state. A. Utah B. California C. Louisiana D. New Mexico（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 经过多次争论和激烈的斗争，通过了1850年妥协，规定加利福尼亚以自由州加入联邦。30.When Abraham Li

30、ncoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called _. A. the Southern States of America B. the Federalist States of America C. the Confederate States of America D. the Anti-confederate States of America（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 亚伯拉罕林肯当选总统后，南方诸州退出了联邦，成立了一个新的国家美利坚联

31、盟。31.In the 1830s in America, the antislavery reformers were called _. A. revolutionaries B. Democrats C. abolitionists D. Republicans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 早在19世纪30年代，一个决心反对奴隶制的改革团体就发动了一场新的、更富战斗性的运动。这些人都被称为废奴主义者。32.The American Civil War broke out in _ and ended in _. A. 1850, 1863 B. 1846, 1848 C.

32、 1861, 1863 D. 1861, 1865（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 亚伯拉罕林肯当选总统后，南方诸州退出了联邦，成立了一个新的国家美利坚联盟。林肯决心维护联邦的统一，于是1861年4月12日内战爆发了。一系列战役之后，罗伯特李再也守不住里士满了，他于1865年4月9日投降。最终这场牺牲了618万美国人的战争结束了。33.The Civil War was won by the Union, but Lincoln was shot dead by John Wilkes Booth on _. A. April 15, 1865 B. April 14, 1864

33、C. May 15, 1864 D. April 14, 1865（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 美国内战结束5天以后，即1965年4月14日，林肯被约翰威尔克斯布思枪杀。34.After the Civil War, _ became a strong trend in American economy. A. disappearance of private business B. increase in capital investment C. monopoly by big business D. nationalization of enterprises（分数：1.

34、00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 内战之后，美国的工业、农业、科技迅速发展，人口迅速增加。在此期间，生产和资本越来越集中。大企业的垄断成为美国经济的发展趋势。35.Which of the following statements is not a reason to explain the rapid growth of capitalism after the Civil War? _. A. The U.S. federal government put low taxes on foreign imports. B. There was enough labor supply for

35、the development of American industries. C. Science and invention played a key role in accelerating Americas industrial development. D. With the war over, both foreign and domestic capital became available for investment.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 联邦政府对外国的进口产品征收高额关税，从而鼓励美国人购买本国生产的商品。二、B/B(总题数：10，分数：30.00

36、)36.What is the major reason for many early settlers to come to the English colonies in North America?（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(Many early settlers came to the English colonies in search of religious freedom.)解析：37.In what way were the puritans different from the Pilgrims?（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(Pilgrims were mostly

37、poor artisans and peasants while the puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen.)解析：38.Please write any three of the 13 colonies the British established along the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1733.（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(Virginia, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Yor

38、k, Rhode Island, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Georgia. (Any three names of the above are acceptable.)解析：39.What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(They were representative form of govern

39、ment, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.)解析：40.When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776.)解析：41.What does the

40、 American War of Independence show?（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(The American War of Independence shows that in a just war, a weak nation can defeat a strong one.)解析：42.What international influence did the American War of Independence have?（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(It had great international influence. For instance, the co

41、lonies in Spanish America rose up one after another to overthrow Spanish colonial rule.)解析：43.What was the Great Compromise of July 6, 1787?（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(The Great Compromise gave each state an equal vote in the Senate but made representation in the House reflect the size of each states population

42、.)解析：44.What was the Compromise of 1850?（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(The Compromise of 1850 was an agreement, which allowed California to be accepted as a free state, New Mexico and Utah to be organized as territories without legislation either for or against slavery and a more efficient machinery to be set up f

43、or returning runaway slaves to their masters.)解析：45.What are the most memorable words Lincoln said in a short speech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg in 1863?（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(He said that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from t

44、he earth.)解析：三、B/B(总题数：4，分数：35.00)46.Amerigo Vespucci（分数：9.00）_正确答案：(Amerigo Vespucci: Amerigo Vespucci was the navigator who proved that the land discovered by Christopher Columbus was not India, but a new continent. Therefore, the land was named after him.)解析：47.No taxation without representation（

45、分数：9.00）_正确答案：(No taxation without representation: The people in the British colonies opposed the unfair treatment by the British government. They declared, No taxation without representation, that is, without their representatives taking part in decisionmaking they had no obligation to pay taxes to

46、 Britain.)解析：48.The Constitutional Convention（分数：9.00）_正确答案：(The Constitutional Convention: In 1787, a conference was held in Philadelphia to consider what should be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. All the delegates agreed to draw up a new plan of government. After struggle, the

47、 Constitution was ratified at last. This conference is called the Constitutional Convention.)解析：49.the Emancipation Proclamation（分数：8.00）_正确答案：(the Emancipation Proclamation: During the Civil War, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.)解析：