语法填空技巧上课终.ppt

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1、语法填空 训练 及 考点突破 1、阅读、理解 语篇 的能力 ; 2、分析 句子结构 的能力 ; 3、熟练运用 语法 ,短语 的能力。 4、单词 拼写 能力 广东高考语法填空题两类“空”： 纯空格 （ 6-7个） 有提示词 (3- 4个） 1.谓语（时态 语态 数） 2.非谓语（ to do-doingdone) 3.词类转换 (名 形 副） 4.可填两个词（ to do, be done ） 1.冠、代、介、连 、 及一些副词 2.只填一个词 语 法 填 空 无提示词 虚词 有提示词 冠词 1 代词 1-2 介词 1-2 连词（ +各类从句引导词） 1-2 名词 形容词 / 副词 动词 谓语动

2、词 非谓语动词 Ving Ved to do 每空只填一个词 词形的相互转化 时态 语态 主谓一致 语 法 填 空 比较等级 反义词 冠 词 代 词 介 词 连词 /引 导词 名 词 动词 形容词 副词 2007 1 2 2 2 2 1 2008 2 2 2 2 1 1 2009 1 2 2 1 1 3 2010 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2011 1 2 1 2 2 2 2012 1 1 1 3 3 1 2007-2012年 广东高考语法填空 词类分布： 纯空格 给词空 broke settled to help results higher to please pushed sweete

3、r presented saying later sitting was pretending was informed merry merrily natural warmly mental mentally who where that but where who when until whom Although which if/whether wearing would buy pleased harder for them the 应试策略 How do you usually solve this problem ? 解题关键： 1 把握大意； 2 找关键词； 找出句中主语、谓语、

4、连词 主语、谓语、连词 横线前后词 既要符合语意，又要合乎语法！ 忽略文意，直奔题目！ 切忌： 原则： Read the following sentences and fill in the blanks according to the requirements. Then find out the rules . 纯空格类考点讲解： 1.代词 2.冠词 3.介词 4. 连词或副词 5. 引导词 1.Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear _ spoken. 2.The little boy pulled _right h

5、and out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it. 3.I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax _. it myself his 应试策略 考点一、代词 分析句子结构，若句子缺少主语，或者及 物动词或介词后缺宾语，就可能是填代词。 然后再根据各个代词的意义与用法的不同， 选出符合语境的某一个代词填空。 如果 空格前是 动词 , 就应考虑用人称代词和 反身代词。 应试策略 指示代词 指示词有

6、this, that, these, those, such等。注意 以下 4点： (1) this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可 与 here连用； that, those是时间或空间上的“远 指”，可与 there连用。 (2) 指上文提到的事一般用 that，有时也用 this， 指下文的事只能用 this。 (3) 打电话时，用 this来介绍自己，用 that来问 对方，不用 I或 you。 (4) this和 that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那 么”，相当于 so，作状语。 表示两者或多者的不定代词 都 都不 (一个也不 ) 任一 两者 both neither ei

7、ther 多者 all none any 注意： (1)表示完全否定可以说 noteither/any ， 但没有 either/anynot 的说法。 (2)both/all与 not连用是部分否定，意为“并非 都”。 (3)none既可指人也可指物，可与 of短语连用；而 no one (=nobody)只能指人，也不能与 of短语连用。 表示“另外的”不定代词 单数 复数 泛指 another others 特指 the other the others 说明 还可作定语 不能作定语 说明： 表示“别的，另外的”还有： (1)用于疑问词或复合不定代词后面 的 else，其所有格形式是 e

8、lses。 (2)既能指可数名词也可指不可数名 词的 the rest(其余的 )。但上表中的代 词只能代替可数名词。 it的用法 (1)替代前面提到的同一事物。 (2)替代前面整句话的内容。如： When the factory closes, it will mean 500 workers will be out of work. 工厂一旦关闭 , 那就意味着要有 500工人失业。 (3)指动物、婴儿，或在情景中确认的某人。 (4)指时间、距离、气候、环境等。 (5)作形式主语或形式宾语。如： (6)用于 it isthat 强调结构中。 it 特指同名同物 无修饰语 that 特指同类

9、物体， 不能指人 （代指可数单数或不可数名词） 后 可 接 定 语 those 特指同类物或人 （代指可数复数名词） one 泛指同名异物（人） （ 代指可数单数名词） ones 泛指同名异物（人） （ 代指可数复数名词） 五 . this, that, one, those的用法 1. I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using _ now. 2. I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new _ soon 3. The popula

10、tion of Shanghai is larger than_ of Beijing. 4. The football players on our team seem to be more energetic than _ on your team. 1、 it / that / those /one / ones的区别 it one that those 同名同物 同名异物 同类物体 1.The children were eager to tell him everything that was going on. They held him by the hand And never

11、 hesitated to call _ Grandpa. 广州一模 2.Wondering who _was Terry, a newcomer to this city, went to the door and opened it impatiently. him it （十校） 1.An only child will succeed for _ same reason. 2.You can now make _ educated decision about what career to pursue. 3.The author of the study suggested that

12、 encouraging more books reading might be _ useful way to prevent childhood accidents. the 应试策略 an a 考点二、冠词 如果空格后是 单数可数名词 ，而且 是泛指概念（第一次提到就应该考虑 空 格处 是否需要填。 如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提 及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考 虑 空格处 是否需要填。 应试策略 不定冠词 (a, an) 定冠词 (the) 1.With the arrival of spring ,the Dorrity took the children for _ outin

13、g. 广州一模 2.It was the evening of _ weekend when they moved to another city.十校联考 an a 3. Just then a handsome young man, who noticed me and the ticket, came towards me with a big smile, Youve got _ extra ticket an 1.Television is now playing a very important role _ our life. 2.more than nine thousand

14、young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany _advanced study. 3.It was in this very room that I gave birth _ Linda seventeen years ago. for to in 应试策略 考点三、介词 当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是做主语、表语， 也不是作动词的宾语，填介词 介词可位于 名词之前 。如 at night, on Sunday等； 也可位于 形容词之后 ，如 be interested in, be goo

15、d at等； 还可位于 不及物动词之后 ， 如 listen to, arrive at, look for等 。 应试策略 掌握一些常用介词的用法、含义和固定 搭配； 1.They recently bought audiphones for four orphans _ hearing problems and small tape recorders for three blind children. （广州一模） 2.Wondering who it was Terry, a newcomer to this city, went to the door and opened it i

16、mpatiently. _ the door was a little girl, shyly asking whether he had candles.（十校） 3. OK, I accept. See you on Saturday, answered the cockroach, and left _ waiting for a reply. （大练习 4） with At without 4.He described a mistake he made on his first visit _ the United States. to 空格前后两个句子都含有主谓结构时，则要 根据上

17、下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。 表示递进： so, for, therefore, thus等； further, furthermore, moreover, in addition等； but, nevertheless, however, yet, while, although, though, 等。 表示转折： 表示因果： 表示并列： and , or等； 考点四、连词或副词 1.If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd. The youngest child,

18、 _, often gets special treatment. however 2.We love China and we love children, Dorrity said, _ we are happy to do this . 广州一模 so/ and that who that 考点五、引导词 应试策略 1. One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 2.Some people say that oldest children, _ are smart

19、and strong-willed, are very likely to succeed. 3.So careless was I _ I had forgotten all about that. 空格前后都是一个句子 ,做题时 应该从句子的意义去判断 是属于什 么类型的复合句（定语从句、名词 性从句或者状语从句） ， 再确定填 什么引导词。 应试策略 如何判断从句类型？ 空格前是 名词 空格前是 及物动词 空格前是 系动词 空格在句首 定语从句 同位语语从句 主语从句 状语从句 所填词在后面句 子中充当成分 不充当成分 所填词在后面句子中充 当主宾表 所填词在后面句子中充 当各类状语 宾

20、语从句 表语从句 判断状语从句类型时还可以根据前后句句子之 间的意思及逻辑关系来判断是什么状语从句 复习复合句 二、名词性从句连接词的选用 1.that 和 what 的选用 1._ he wants is a book. 2._ he wants to go there is obvious. 3.The result is _ we won the game. 4.This is _ we want to know. What That that what that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。 但是， what除起连接作用外，还在名词性 从句中充当成分，可做从句的 主语、宾语、

21、 或表语。 而 that在名词性从句中 不充当任何成分， 只起连接作用。 3.whether和 if的选用 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 5. I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answe

22、r the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go. 9.The a man approached me and asked _ I wanted my belongs back. if / whether Whether whether whether whether whether whether if / whether 1. while可用来引导时间状语，意为“当 的时 候”； 引导的动作必须是持续性的，如： Please dont talk so loud while others are wo

23、rking. 2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对 比。 Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue. 3. while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽 然”； 可表示尽管，相当于 although While I admit that the problems are difficult , I dont agree that they cant be solved. 连接词 while的用法小结 1.as可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边 一边”； 随着 如： She sang as she walked

24、 home all the way. As the day went on, the weather got worse. 2.as也可用来引导原因状语从句意为“因为”； 如： As she is free today, she would like to do some shopping. （因为） 3.as还可用来引导让步状语从句（通常用倒装结构） 意为“尽管”。 如： Tired as he was, he refused to take a rest. Child as he is, he knows a lot. 连接词 as的用法小结 连接词 when, while, as的用法区

25、别： 1._he came in, we were having supper. 2._he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. 3._we were at school, we went to the library every day. 4._they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination. 5.We were about to leave _he came in. 6._ she grew older, she beca

26、me more beautiful. 6.I like playing football _you like playing basketball. 7.We always sing _we walk. When When/While When While when while as As 连接词 before的小结： 一、含义 1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 3 Please write it down before you forget it. 4 Before I could get in a w

27、ord, he had measured me. 才” 趁 还没来得及” 对比训练 5 1. It will be years _ we meet again. 2. It is ten years _ I came to this town. 3. It is ten years ago _ I came to this town. A. when B. that C. before D. since C D B 1._ Professor Dorrity and his wife retired, they came to Wuhan and started to work as the

28、Welfare Institute. 2.They also bought a wheelchair for ten- year-old Tan Jun, _ suffers from a brain problem. 广州一模 3.One day he told his wife he was so disappointed with the city _ he had to leave. 十校 4.Terry was surprised by _ he saw. that who After / When what 5.Then how about waiting for a while

29、_ I have changed it in the cinemas store? 6.She was so pretty, and had won so many beauty competitions _ she had become very proud. 7.The butterfly arrived completely confident of victory until she saw _ the judge were: cockroaches, worms 8.A ten-year-old boy came over and begged me to buy a book, _

30、 had the words Interesting India on its cover before/ until/ till Who that which Read the following sentences and fill in the blanks according to the requirements. Then find out the rules . 给词空考点讲解： 1.谓语（时态 语态 数） 2.非谓语（ to do-doingdone) 3.词类转换 (名 形 副） 给出了 动词 的试题的解题技巧 判断要填的动词是 谓语动词 还是 非谓语动词 动词做谓语 判断动

31、词在句中做谓语动词，就要考虑 时态、 语态、 主谓一致。 1.The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom, _ (change) to the library at the last minute. 2.They didnt take many chances in their lives. They usually _ (follow) orders. 3.I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _ (break) his finger. w

32、as changed followed had broken 应试策略 考点一、谓语动词 括号内给出动词的原形，做题时首先找出句子 的主干，确定主句，如果缺谓语，就 要根据上下文 语境和意思确定动词的 数、时态和语态。 如果 空格前是 have的各种形式 ，则想到构 成 。 如果 空格前是 be的各种形式 ，则想到用 。 完成时 进行时态或被动语态 应试策略 谓语时态和语态的主要考点 1、考查在语境中判断动词的时态。常考的时态为： 现在 :一般现在、一般将来、现在进行、现在完成。 过去 :一般过去、过去进行、过去将来、过去完成。 2、 时间、条件、等状语从句 中动词的时态 (主将从现 ) (i

33、f/unless/as soon as/after/before/when等 ); 3、 时态标志； 4、 时态一致性 原则； 5、 上下文语境； 例 1His fear of failure _(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. kept 例 2 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, (close) my book and walked away

34、. closed 例 3 In Logan, three people (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. were taken 非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语 时，所给动词就是非谓语， 此时要确定用 Ving 形式 V-ed 形式 to do （不定式） 语态 根据各种关系来判断是用哪一种 非谓语动词 (1) 作主语或宾语，通常用 ing形式表示习 惯或一般情况，用不定式 （ to do） 表示 具体的情况。 例 1_ (speak) out your inner feeling

35、 wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary 例 2】 Strangely, he even didnt seem to like _ (watch) TV that night. Speaking to watch (2)作 目的状语 或者在 形容词后作状语 ， 一般用 不定式 。 例 1 (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. To complete 例 2 Some people say that oldest children, wh

36、o are smart and strong-willed, are very likely (succeed). to succeed 例 3 We are looking for a hotel ( stay ) for a night. to stay (3)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判 断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是 主动关系用 ing形式，是 被动关系用 ed形式。 例 1 He saw the stone, (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” 例 2 Lessons (learn) in sports can hel

37、p us in our dealing with other people. saying learned 1.Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _(succeed). 2.I was afraid of _(catch) by the police, because there was no cop anywhere around. 3.With the problem _(solve), I felt proud of my achievement.

38、to succeed being caught 应试策略 考点二、非谓语动词 solved 非谓语动词，包括 V-ing形式、 V-ed形式 和动词不定式。 做题时确定所给出的词与其 所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。 如果与中心词是主动关系， ； 如果与中心词是被动关系， ； 如果表示将来， 一般用 V-ing形式 一般用 V-ed形式 应试策略 一般用动词不定式。 1.Some orphans from the Wuhan Institute for Children _(take) to the park. The Dorrity have been working hard _ ( imp

39、rove) the conditions at the Welfare Institute since they came. They often take children on day-trip, _ (bring )along with them all kinds of food for the kids to enjoy. 广州一模 2.Terry and his wife _(tidy) up their new home when the light suddenly went out. 十校 to improve bringing were taken were tidying

40、 3.At that moment he suddenly realized what caused his _(repeat) failure in life. 十校 4.I stood there _(puzzle). Suddenly I realized the handsome young fellow _ (cheat) me.大练习 3 5.The butterfly was left _(sob) and disappointed, wanting never to enter anoyher competition in her life. repeated had chea

41、ted puzzled sobbing 三 . 词类转换 题的解题技巧 要根据该词 在句中所作 句子成分 确定用哪种形式。 具体如下： 句子成分 1、做表语、定语或补语，常用 _。 2。做主语，宾语（包括介宾）用 _。 3。在冠词，形容词性物主代词后，用 _。 4。修饰动词、形容词，副词或整个句子，作 状语，用 _。 5。有可能是词义转换题，须加前缀 un-,in-, Im-,等或后缀 -less。 1.作表语、定语或补语，通常用 形容词 形式。 例 1 In a (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learn

42、t to 例 2 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students (interest) in the subject. 例 3 The youngster immediately felt _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. dangerous interested silent 2.作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾 语，用 名词 形式。 例 1 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological (ac

43、hieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. achievements 例 2 These people have made great (contribute) to China with their work. 例 3 instructors expect students to be familiar with (inform) in the reading contributions information 3.在形容词性物主代词后，或者在 “ 冠词 (+形容词 )

44、”后，用 名词 形式。 例 1 the remains date from this period because of their (similar) to those found elsewhere. 例 2 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. similarities operation 4.修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整 个句子，作状语，用 副词 形式。 例 1 “Thirty-five cents,” sh

45、e said _ (rude). 例 2 The tornadoes damaged several _ (new) built buildings. 例 3 _ (fortunate), I then noticed that I still had a lot of time to complete the rest of the paper. rudely newly Fortunately 5.词类不变， 主要是考查具有与词根意义 相反的 派生词 根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系， 给词根 加前缀 后缀或改变前 后缀 例 1 People certainly have a variety o

46、f reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is (useful). useless 例 2 Your mistake caused a lot of (necessary) work in the office. 例 3 I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. misunderstand unnecessary useless differently appearance

47、personal 应试策略 考点三、词性转换 1.Most of the people in the town showed pity on him, but it was _(use). 2.But a recent study saw things quite _ (different). 3.The order in which they finished would decide the order of their _ (appear) in the Chinese calendar. 4., so Im very careful not to give out my _(perso

48、n) information. 括号内给出单词的其他形式，通 过分析句子结构，判断句子缺少什 么成分（修饰什么词），再用正确 的单词形式补充完整，该空同时考 查同学们的 单词拼写能力 。 应试策略 1.With the _(arrive) of spring, the Dorrity took the children for an outing.一模 2.Terry was _(regret) to have forgotten bringing along candles . 十校 3.Mum gave me two tickets for a film, telling me she w

49、as too busy to go together with me with the _ (end) housework. 大练习 3 4.In _(real), the cockroach was the more beautiful. arrival regretful endless reality cheaper worst 应试策略 考点三、形容词或副词 worse 1.One of the _ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. 2.For a family

50、 of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as _ (cheap) to sit comfortably at home, 3.Many other actors are _ (badly) off than me at present, 括号内给出形容词或副词，要 根 据上下文语境 确定用 原级、比较级还 是最高级形式 。 应试策略 形容词 修饰名词 /代词 副词 修饰动词 /形容词 /副词 /句子 It is/was +形容词 （ +for/of sb) +to do 一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线； 二步开始做答案，容易做的

51、先做完； 难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案； 四步复读很关键，保证全文意贯通。 2012年广东英语高考语法填空题 Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _16_ (wear) sun glasses . He walked in as if he _17_(buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City. For some reason he s

52、at beside Mary. Mary felt _18_ (please ), because there were many empty seats in the room .But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in _19_last row . _20_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a littl

53、e _21_(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class . Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, _22_made her feel like a star. wearing had bought pleased the Although harder which “Do you need those glasses for

54、 medical reasons?” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head.”Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when Im speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher _23_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered _24_ the boy would do .Then he took

55、_25_ off , gave a big smile and said “That is cool”. for what them 2011年广东高考英语语法填空 One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left early because I had an appointment _16_(late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 17 the bus arrived. I got on the bus

56、and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 _ (sit) at the front. He _19_ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be _20_ (mental) disabled. Behind him were other people to _21_ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes 22 walked away and sat near me, l

57、ooking annoyed. I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him 23 his own either. later sitting pretended mentally whom they on until After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had 24 amazing co

58、nversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. Im glad I made a choice. It made 25 of us feel good. both an What have you learned today? 1.广东高考语法填空命题特点； 2.掌握 纯空格词 的基本填空方法； 3.突破语法填空中 给词空格 的正确判断，特别 是 谓语、非谓语及 谓语时态和语态 的正确判断。 Practice makes perfect. More Sentence

59、s 1. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress became a bit _ (patient). 2. _ (luck), I then noticed that I had only 10 minutes to complete the rest of the paper. 3. My pupils, Donnie _ (include), adored her. 4. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _ (result) in the c

60、ontrary to our intention. impatient Unluckily included results 5. The proverb, “plucking up a crop _ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. 6. Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is _ (true) rich. 7. _ (similar), conversation in Britain is in general quiet and re

61、strained and loud speech _ (consider) impolite. to help truly is considered Similarly More Sentences 8. _ (compare) with other forms of writing, keeping a diary is shorter and takes _(little) time. 9. Lessons _ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. But even more _ (value) are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school. Compared less learned valuable More Sentences 10. She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and _ (bring) me into her world; a world of smile, love and _ (warm). brought warmth More Senten