2020最新高二英语语法知识点梳理五篇

《2020最新高二英语语法知识点梳理五篇》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2020最新高二英语语法知识点梳理五篇（15页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2020 最新高二英语语法知识点梳理高二英语语法知识点 1【动词语法】1 系动词系动词亦称联系动词 (Link Verb) ，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语， 后边必须跟表语(亦称补语)，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说 明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。例如：He fell ill yesterday. He fell off the ladder.他昨天病了。(fell 是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。) 他从梯子上摔下来。fell 是实义动词，单独作谓语。1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有 be 一词。例如：He is

2、 a teacher.他是一名教师。(is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 。 例如：He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。3)表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有 seem, appear, look 。例如：He looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。4)感官系动词感官

3、系动词主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste 。 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。5)变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run 。例如：He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。(北京安通学校提供)6)终止系动词表示主语

4、已终止动作，主要有 prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意。例如：The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。(turn out 表终止性结果)高二英语语法知识点 2倒装1. 在 there be/live/lie 句型中用全部倒装:2. 在以 there, here, now, then +be/come/go+主语的句子中用全部倒装:注：如果主语是代词则不用倒装。3.以 off, away, out, in,

5、up, down 等副词开头的句子以示强调或为了使情景更生动，句 子用全部倒装:注：如果主语是代词则不用倒装。4. only, not until 所修饰的介词短语、副词或状语从句放在句首时，要部分倒装:注：主句倒装，从句不倒装。Only+主语置于句首时，不倒装。5. never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, not, few, little, often, by no means, at no time 等放在句首时，要部分倒装:5. 在 no soonerthan; not onlybut also; hardly/scarcely when; 句型

6、中，前面的 句子要部分倒装:注：not onlybut also, neithernor 连接两个主语不倒装。7.以 so, neither, nor 开头的句子，表相同概念的肯定或否定时，要全部倒装:e.g.:I have never been to Beijing. Nor has he.She is a teacher, so am I.8.so/suchthat 句型中，把 so/such 修饰的那部分放在句首时，主句要部分倒装: 9.as 引导的让步状语从句，常把表语、状语置于主首，用倒装:注：如果表语是单数可数名词，该词前一般不加冠词。Child as he is, he know

7、s a lot.10. 省略 if 的虚拟条件句置于句首时，用倒装:10. Such 作表语放在句首时，表示强调，用倒装:11. 为了保持句子平衡，或使上下文连接更紧，可把介词短语、形容词短语、副词或分词提到主语前，用全部倒装语序：高二英语语法知识点 31、形容词的定义：形容词简称 adv. 形容词简称 adv.修饰 v. adj.，其他 adv.或全句的 词，v.，adv.或全句的词修饰 v.，adj.，其他 adv.或全句的词，表示时间，地点，程度， 方式等。表示时间，地点，程度，方式等。2、复合形容词的构成(1) 形容词+ 名词+ ed kind-hearted 好心的，white-ha

8、ired 白发的(2) 形容词+ 形容词 red-hot 炽热的，dark-blue 深蓝的(3) 形容词+ 现在分词 good-looking 好看的，easy-going 随和的(4) 副词+ 现在分词 hard-working 勤劳的，fast-moving 快速转动的(5) 副词+ 过去分词 hard-won 得来不易的，newly-made 新建的(6) 名词+ 形容词 life-long 终生的，world-famous 世界闻名的(7) 名词+ 现在分词 peace-loving 爱好和平的，fun-loving 爱开玩笑的(8) 名词+ 过去分词 snow-covered 白雪

9、覆盖的，hand-made 手工的(9) 数词+ 名词+ ed four-storeyed 4 层楼的，three-legged 3 条腿的(10) 数词+ 名词(名词用单数)ten-year 10 年的，two-man 两人的高二英语语法知识点 4Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Well-known for their expertise, his parents company .Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack

10、of fresh air.Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状 语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成， vi 过去分 词表示状态或动作的完成。Heated , water changes into steam .The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .1 作原因状语，等于 as / since / because 引导从句Moved by wh

11、at she said ,we couldnt help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said 2 作时间状语，等于 when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发 生，可在分词前加 when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。When heated , water can be changed into steam .Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill3 作条件状语

12、等于 if / whether 引导从句Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention .Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you 4 作方式或伴随状语The actress came in , followed by her fans .She sat by the window , lost in though

13、t .5 作让步状语Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he .6 独立主格结构： 当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主 语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .Rewrite with proper conjun

14、ctionsExample : United we stand, divided we fall.If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.When he was asked what had happened, 2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures. Because he was w

15、ell known for his expert advice, 3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.If we were given more time,4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.Once it was translated into Chinese,5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a

16、 doctor.Because she was deeply interested in medicine,6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.Although he was left alone at home,现在分词与过去分词作状语现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，;而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则 表示被动关系。Seeing these pictures, I couldnt help thinki ng of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the

17、top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see) 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出， 分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用注意:1.系表示主语所处的状态_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in

18、 front of him. ( lose)_ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress)be lost inbe dressed inbe interested inbe devoted tobe supposed to? be caught in the rainbe seated inbe prepared forbe determined to2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构generally speaking一般说来strictly/ frankly speaking 严格地说/坦白地说 judging from 从判断all things

19、considered 从整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。 Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 不是 dogs 的动作)Practice1. Complete each sentences using the P.P. of the right verb.build frighten trap follow shoot se

20、e examine1 _ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room. 2 The lady returned home, _ by two policemen.3 After having been _ carefully, the room was locked again.4._ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.5 _ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails

21、.6 If _ in a burning building, you should send for help.7 Although _ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.高二英语语法知识点 5动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、 宾语补足语、定语和状语。一、不定式做主语：1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。=动名词 doing 表示习惯的，经常的动 作。e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.To do such things i

22、s foolish.To see is to believe. (对等)注: 1). 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数2). 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用 it 做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。it 做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：(1) It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do(1) It is +adj.+for sb.+to doIt is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary(3) it is +a +名词+ to do.It is a pit

23、y / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / ones duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job to doIt takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience to doIt requires courage / patience / hard work to do注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表语，但 possible 可以用不定式作真实主语， 而 probable 不能用不定式作真实主语。It is probable for him to co

24、me to the meeting.(错)It is possible for him to come to the meeting.It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.二、不定式做表语主语是以 aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等为中 心词的名词词组 或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容, 不定式 作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。eg :My idea is to climb the

25、mountain from the north.Your mistake was not to write that letter.What I would suggest is to start work at once.三、动词不定式作宾语以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish 等只能用动词不定式作宾语 口诀(接不定式作宾

26、语的动词)想要学习 早打算( want learn plan)快准备 有希望( prepare hope wish expect)同意否 供选择(agree offer choose)决定了 已答应(decide be determined promise)尽力去 着手做(manage undertake)别拒绝 别假装(refuse pretend)失败不是属于你(fail)e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.We hope to get there before dark.The girl decided to do it herself.注意:某些及物动词可用-ing 也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同的有stop go on remember forgetregret try mean cant helpbe used to