航空运费和费率

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1、加入收藏 【大中小】2010-9-21 英文原文：Deciding on a pricing policy for airfreight presents airlines with many difficulties, because freight cons ignments vary greatly in shape, size and weight, and this must be taken into account in the price structure, moreover, it is difficult to do so since many costs do not

2、vary proportionately with consignment size.注释：decide on:对做出决定（决议）price policy:价格的政策in shape:在外形上take into account:考虑，重视moreo ver:而且；此外；再者proportionately:相称地，成比例地vary with:随变化中文意思：决定货运价格的政策给航空公司带来许多困难，货物在外形、尺寸及重量上都有很大的区别，因此在制定价格时必须考 虑周全。而且，许多成本不是随货物尺寸相应变化的，要做到考虑周全也十分困难。英文原文：Cost of documentation fixe

3、d for almost any size of consignment and costs of ground handling on a per kg basis are generally much lower for large consignments than for small ones.注释：ground handling:地面工作，地勤作业中文意思：通常大批量货物任何尺寸的固定的单证成本和以每公斤为单位计算的地面工作成本要比小批量货物的成本低得多。英文原文：Costs will also vary according to commodity type. Some items

4、 such as hazardous goods and valuable cargoe s need special handling, which incurs extra costs.注释：commodity type:商品种类 hazardous goods:危险品 valuable cargo:贵重货物中文意思：成本也跟随商品类型的变化而变化。比如危险品和贵重货物需要特殊处理，就产生了额外的成本。英文原文：These costs must be recovered as far as possible from the shippers of this type of cargo.

5、Freight consig nments vary in density, so airlines must decide whether charging should be based on weight, on volume or on a mixture of two, with high-density cargoes charged on weight, and low-density ones on volume.注释：recover:弥补，挽回 as far as possible:尽可能 freight consignment:托运货物 density：浓度，密度；比重 v

6、olu me :体积 high-density:高密度 low-density:低密度中文意思：这类货物的附加成本会尽可能地从托运人那里获得补偿。托运货物在密度上也不一样，所以航空公司必须确定运费是以 重量为基础收取还是按体积收取，或者按重量体积混合标准收费，高密度的货物以重量计算收费，低密度货物按体积收费。英文原文：If this latter policy is adopted, a decision must be taken on the cut-off point between weight and volum etric charging.注释：latter:后面的，后者的ado

7、pt:采取，采用cut-off:分界点；取舍点；分离点volumetric:测定体积的中文意思：如果采用后面一种价格政策，就必须在重量和体积标准之间确定一个分界点。加入收藏 【大中小】2010-9-21 一、普通运价（考试重点）英文原文： General cargo rates are applicable to any type of commodity, without the restriction of hazardous consig nment size注释：General cargo rates:普通运价 be applicable to:（适）用于 restriction:限制

8、，约束 hazardous consignment:危险 货物中文意思：普通运价适用于各种货物，对危险货物的尺寸也没有限制。英文原文：The disadvantage is that they are pitched at an extremely high level, although some discount is offered for consignments that can take advantage of the weight breaks which exist at 45kg, and also often at 100kg and higher.注释：disadvan

9、tage:不利，不利条件，缺点，劣势pitch:定位于extremely:极端地，非常地discount:折扌扣 take advantage of:利用中文意思：尽管给予重量分别达到45公斤，100公斤以及高的重量分界点的货物折扣价格，但是普通运价的缺点在于价格定位水平 非常高。2最低运价（考试重点）英文原文：General Cargo Rates are usually supplemented by provision for a Minimum Charge. This means that in most cases a shipper cannot be charged less

10、than the appropriate rate of 4kg, even though his particular consignment may we igh less than this.注释：supplement:补充 Minimum Charge:最低运价 even though:即使中文意思：最低运价条款是普通运价的补充。这是指在大部分情况下，收取托运人的运费标准不得低于4公斤，即使他托运的货物 重量低于4公斤。英文原文：On some routes minimum charges apply at higher weight of up to 8kg. There is co

11、nsiderable justification for the minimum charge principle, because the costs of documentation and customs clearance are fixed irrespective of c onsignment size, and small consignments are expensive to handle.注释：up to: 一直到，等于considerable:相当大（或多）的，值得考虑的，相当可观的justification:认为正当，理由princ iple:原则，法则irresp

12、ective:不顾的，不考虑的中文意思：在一些航线最低运费的征收标准提高到8公斤。最低运费的征收原则是非常合理的，因为不管托运货物的尺寸是多少， 单证文件和海关清关方面的费用是固定的，因此体积小的货物运输费相对较贵。加入收藏 【大中小】2010-9-24 三、等级运价（考试重点）英文原文:Class Rates are a further supplement to the General Cargo Rate tariff, and are applied by most airlines.Under Class Rating, certain commodities are offered

13、 a discount, and many more commodities are surcharged under class r atin g注释：Class Rates:等级运价tariff:关税，价目表，价格表surcharge:额外索价；附加罚款中文意思：等级运价进一步对普通运价进行了补充，并且被大部分航空公司使用。等级运价下，对某些商品給予折扣，在等级运价 下更多的商品被征收附加费用。四、指定商品运价（考试重点）英文原文：Specific Commodity Rates are rates that are applicable to named types of freight

14、. In addition, they have a number of features which separate them as a distinct form of pricing注释：Specific Commodity Rates:指定商品运价a number of:许多的feature:特征，特色distinct:清楚的，明显的中文意思：指定商品运价是适合指定类型的货物的运价。另外，指定商品有许多特征，区分出清晰的价格结构。历年考题：In air cargo transportation, （ ） are rates which are applicable to named

15、type of air cargoA. General Cargo RatesB Class RatesC Bulk Unitization RatesD Specific Commodity Rates答案：D分析：航空运输中，指定商品运价适用于指定类型的航空货物。2010年国际货代英语辅导：航空货运运费加入收藏 【大中小】2010-9-20 二、航空货运运费英文原文:The charges on air freight are determined either by weight or weight plus volume - that is, by the size of the pi

16、eces in the shipment注释：be determined by:由所决定volume:体积中文意思：航空运输的费用由货物的重量或者重量加体积决定一一即，按每件装载货物的尺寸来决定。英文原文：Generally, a certain number of cubic inches is considered the equivalent of a pound of weight. On intern ational shipments, a shipper is at present allowed 194 cubic inches for each pound. If he ex

17、ceeds the volume allowance, he pays a higher rate. As with passenger fares, however, there are special rates for certain kinds of goods.注释：a certain number: 一定量，定量 cubic inches:立方英寸 equivalent:当量，同等物，等价物 pound:磅 at present: 目前，现在exceed:超过，超出allowance:定量分配，给与额as with:与样passenger fare:客运费special rate:

18、特殊运费率 certain kinds of goods:特定货物中文意思：通常，一定数量立方英寸等同于重量一磅。国际货物运输中，托运人目前允许量是一磅等于194立方英寸。如果超出了 这个体积范围，他将支付更高一级的运费率。但与客运费一样，对于一些特定货物也采用特殊运费率。英文原文：With passengers, the fare for the flight is almost always paid in advance. Even when a passenger uses a credit card, his fare is legally prepaid since the cre

19、dit card companys assuming the responsibility for payment.注释：pay in advance:预付 credit card:信用卡 legally:法律上，依法地，合法地 prepay:预付 assume responsibility: 承担责任中文意思：对于旅客的客运费通常几乎都是预付的。甚至当乘客使用信用卡支付时，他的运费法律上自信用卡公司承担支付责任起 即被预先支付。英文原文：With freight, however, the airline can also accept payment on delivery; this i

20、s probably customary with large, frequent shippers. The member of the general public who was shipping personal effects would probably be asked t o prepay. In regard to international shipment, however, some countries do not permit any shipments except those that h ave been prepaid, no matter who the

21、shipper is.注释：payment on delivery:交货后付款customary:习惯的，惯例的frequent:经常的，频繁的general public:公众，群众 personal effect:私人用品 in regard to:关于中文意思：对于货物运输，航空公司也可以接受交货后付款;这一惯例主要针对一些发货量大，经常发货的托运人。对于一般群众发 送私人用品将很可能要求预付运费。然而，关于国际货运，有些国家可不管货主是谁，不预付运费就不准运货。英文原文:With a member of the public, the agent is probably unable

22、to assign an air waybill number, ascertain the charges, or book the shipment on specific flights until the shipment had been received by the airline, when it is weig hed and checked to see if it was adequately packed.注释：ascertain:确定，查明adequately:充足，足够中文意思：对于一般群众来说，直到航空公司接到货物、过磅并检查包装是否合适之后，货运代理才为其分配一

23、个航空货运单的号 码，确定运费或在某航班上预定运货。英文原文：When a company is making a first-time shipment, particularly if it is an international shipment, the air line agent might recommend a freight forwarding agency that would be prepared to help the shipper with all the problem of documentation, insurance, and so on.注释：fir

24、st-time:第一次，首次particularly:尤其，特别recommend:推荐，介绍be prepared to do:能力而且愿意中文意思：当一家公司是首次发货，尤其是国际货运，航空公司代理会介绍一家有能力而且愿意帮助托运人处理单证，保险等方面 问题的货运代理。加入收藏 【大中小】2010-9-20 航空货运基本介绍英文原文:The movement of freight by air is more complicated than the movement of passengers by air. For one thing, of course, freight canno

25、t speak for itself or walk from plane to plane when making a connection or take care of its o wn travel documents.注释：freight:货物 complicated:复杂的 passenger:乘客，旅客 for one thing:首先 speak for:代表说话 make a con nection:中转 take care of：照料，照顾 travel document:旅行证件中文意思：空运货物要比空运旅客复杂的多，首先，货物本身不会说话，中转时不会从一架飞机走到另一架

26、飞机，同时也不会照料 自己的旅行证件。英文原文：Every piece of freight has to be carefully labeled and transported from place to place - not just from airport to airport, but also from point of origin to point of destination - door to door, to use a common expression.注释：label:贴标签于，标注中文意思：每件货物必须仔细地贴上标签，从一个地方运到另一个地一一不仅是从机场到机

27、场，还包括从发货地至目的地的运输一 用通常的话说就是，门到门。英文原文：In addition, there are more government regulations, and usually more complicated ones, for international shipment of freight than for passengers.注释：government regulation:政府管制，政府法规中文意思：除此之外，政府对国际货物运输的管制比国际旅客运输的要多得多，国际货物运输也更为复杂。英文原文：Because of these complications, a

28、 large proportion of air freight shipments are handled by freight forwa rding agencies, which fill a function similar to that performed by travel agencies for passengers. In other words, the y take care of making all the necessary arrangements so that a customer is not bothered with many of the deta

29、ils.注释：complication:复杂，复杂化 a large proportion of： 一大部分 freight shipment:货运 fill：充任，执行 similar t o:相似，与类似travel agency：旅行社bother with:为费心中文意思：因为如此复杂，大部分的航空货运都是由货运代理人来操作的，他们履行的职责类似于为旅客服务的旅行社的职责。换 句话说，他们负责所有必要的安排使得顾客不再为许多细节操心。英文原文：Many shipments are also made by companies or government offices that do

30、so much shipping that they are e xperienced in all the procedures. Many of these companies and offices employ special shipping clerks.注释：government office：政府机关，政府机构be experienced in：在方面有经验shipping clerk:运务员，装运人员中文意思：许多运输也由从事过许多装运业务的公司或者政府机构操作，他们在所有的程序方面都很有经验。他们中许多公司和机 构都雇用专门的运务员。英文原文：Like the reserv

31、ation agent, the air freight agent does most of his work by telephone. Lets suppose tha t a shipping clerk calls in from a company that wants to send a large number of shipments by air freight. The air frei ght agent assigns an air waybill number to the shipment. Then he arrange for the pickup of th

32、e shipment from the customer. He can also book the shipment on whatever flights are necessary. When the shipment is received by the airline, ea ch piece is marked with the air waybill number for identification.注释：reservation agent:预定员air freight agent:航空货运代理人suppose:假定，假设call in:来电，打电话assign: 分配，指派a

33、ir waybill:航空运单pickup:收取fight:班机，航程necessary:必须的airline：航空公司be marked with:表 明，被标上identification:识别，核对中文意思：比如预定员，航空货运代理人大部分工作都是通过电话完成的。我们假设一家公司运务员来电表示欲通过空运发送大量 货物。航空代理人将为这批货物分配航空运单号码。随后他将安排从客户那里收取货物。他同样需要预定班机。当航空公司接收到货物 后，每件货物都会被标上航空运单号码以供识别。英文原文：Air freight is carried either in the baggage compartm

34、ent of regular passenger flights or by freight flig hts on planes that have been especially designed or adapted for carrying cargo.注释：baggage compartment:行李舱design for:设计来做adapt for:调整，为改变中文意思：空运的货物或者放在正常客运航班的行李舱里运送，或者由运货而专门设计或改装的货运航班承运。英文原文：The freight flights usually operate between major shipping

35、 points. In the United States, for example, a freight might be routed from New York to San Francisco by way of Chicago. From large stations that are not served by d irect freight flights, the freight office probably has an allotment of space on passenger flights that connect with a freight flight -

36、from Washington to New York, for example.注释：shipping point:装运地点 San Francisco:旧金山 by way of:经由，通过 Chicago:芝加哥 large station:大型站 f reight office:货运办公室allotment:分配，份额Washington:华盛顿中文意思：货运航班通常在主要装运地之间运行。在美国，例如，一架货运航班可能从纽约经由芝加哥飞往旧金山。从没有直达货 运航班的大站起飞，货运办公室很可能安排与货运航班衔接的客运航班舱位运送货物一一比如从华盛顿至纽约。英文原文： At smalle

37、r stations, freight would probably go out on a space available basis on passenger flights. Maki ng room for freight, incidentally, is another reason for weight limitations on passenger baggage.注释：go out:出去（在这里指“运出）make room for:为腾出空位，给腾出地方incidentally:附带的，顺便的limitat ion:限制，限度中文意思：在较小的航站，货物则用客运航班上的可利用的舱位运出。客机附带为货物腾出舱位，这也是限制旅客行李重量的另一 个原因。