宾语从句、间接引语

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1、复习：宾语从句复习：宾语从句/间接引语间接引语 1、由不同引导词引导的宾语从句由不同引导词引导的宾语从句 2、直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语 3、宾语从句宾语从句/间接引语中时态的变化间接引语中时态的变化 4、间接引语中其它变化间接引语中其它变化1、实例2、练习由从属连词由从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句（在非正式文体中常省略）（在非正式文体中常省略）由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注：that 在句中无

2、词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.I hear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）2.He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）3.The teacher told us(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun由连接代词由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接及连接副词副词 when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句1.He asked _.(谁能回答这个问题

3、）2.Do you know_.（他们在等谁）3.He asked _.（谁的书法是班上最好的）5.Do you know _.（地球和月亮，哪一个比较小）6.Please tell me _.（我们什么时候开会）7.Can you tell me _.（他在哪儿）8.Could you tell me _.（我该怎么去车站）9.Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了）who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the class when

4、well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is lateWhich is smaller,the earth or the moon由从属连词由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.I want to know _.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Ask him _.（他是否能来）3.I dont know _.（是否要下雨）if(whether)he will go to the park with us whether(if)he can come wh

5、ether it is going to rain or not在下列情况下只能用在下列情况下只能用whether 1）介词后）介词后 Im thinking about whether we should go fishing.2）宾语从句提前时）宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not,I cant say.3）直接与）直接与or not连用时连用时 I dont know whether or not he was ready.4）在带）在带to 的动词不定式前的动词不定式前 She hasnt decided whether to go or not.应注

6、意的几个问题：应注意的几个问题：1.宾语从句可放在形容词后。宾语从句可放在形容词后。常用形式是“be+形容词+宾语从句”I am glad you like it.2.宾语从句与主句时态的一致。宾语从句与主句时态的一致。1）主句是现在（或将来）时态时，宾语从句可根据实际需要用不同的时态。如：He says Mary is playing with the cat.He says Mary often plays with the cat.He says Mary will play with the cat.I think he left yesterday morning.2)主句时态是一般

7、过去时，从句要用过去时态的某种形式。He said Mary was playing with the cat.He said he hoped to be back soon.注意：当从句所表示的是客观事实或客观真理时，该从句都用一般现在时，不用过去时。如：He said light travels much faster than sound.3.宾语从句中的否定转移。如果主句谓语动词是think,believe suppose 等，而从句的意思是否定的，这时主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句用肯定式。如：I dont think you are right.我认为你不对。4.将普通的特殊疑问句

8、变成宾语从句时，从句的语序要由疑问句变成陈述句的语序。-When will the meeting begin?-I want to know when the meeting will begin.5.将普通的一般疑问句变成宾语从句时，则用if/whether连接，同时变成陈述句语序。-Are you an English teacher?-He asked if I was an English teacher.注意：注意：if也可引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”（主将从现，主过从过）。比较：I dont know if he will come.If he comes,I will tel

9、l you.6、在变宾语从句时，要注意以下几点。1）连接词 2）人称 3）语序 4）时态 5）标点1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hear they _(return)it already.5.I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)6.He said th

10、at they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)7.He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)8.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)9.I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be)will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing用所给词适当形式填空10.

11、I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move)round the earth.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)15.Can you tell me what they _ ye

12、sterday?(do)wrote moves has taken has been risesdid将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:1.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?2.“Why is the train late?”Would you tell me?3.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.4.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.5.“I am doing my homework.”He said.6.“I w

13、ill come back.”Tom said.7.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.Jim asked if he was doing

14、 his homework.Would you tell me why the train is late?直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语1陈述句变为陈述句变为that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.He said,“You are younger than I”.2.He says,“Tom is a good student”.He said that I was younger than him.He says that Tom is a good student.直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语2特殊疑问句变为特殊疑问句变为who,what,when等引导的宾语从句等

15、引导的宾语从句e.g.1.He asked,“Where do you live?”2.“How can we get to the post-office?”he asked.He asked where I lived.He asked how they could get to the post-office.直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语3一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句e.g.1.She said,“Do you often come here to read newspaper?”2.“Will they go to visit the Great Wall

16、?”he asked.She asked if(whether)I often came here to read newspaper.He asked if(whether)they would go visit the Great Wall.祈使句变为ask tell sb.(not)to do sth.e.g.1.The teacher said to the boy,“Come in,please.”2.Father said to me,“Dont shout in public.”The teacher asked the boy to come in.Father told me

17、 not to shout in public.直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语4变化 间接引语主要变化 1.引导词 2.时态 3.语序 4.时间、地点 指示代词*祈使句的变化宾语从句与宾语从句都要考虑三个方面1.连接词2.语序3.时态时态作相应的变化一般现在时(dodoes)一般过去时(did)现在进行时(amisare doing)过去进行时(waswere doing)一般将来时(will do)过去将来时(would do)现在完成时(havehas done）过去完成时(had done)一般过去时（did)时态的变化时态的变化 1）现在时间推移到过去时间现在时间推移到过去时间

18、所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。例如：She said,“I am hungry.”She said(that)she was hungry.He said,“The family are fighting among themselves.”He said(that)the family were fighting among themselves.Tom said,“I have found whats wrong with the computer.”Tom said he had found what was w

19、rong with the computer.Direct Speech VS Indirect Speech 2）过去时间推移到过去的过去）过去时间推移到过去的过去 这里需要注意以下几点：a）当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变成过去完成时。例如：He said,“I didnt know you.”He said he hadnt known me.b)当“过去的过去”已经不言自明，或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现，或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时，一般过去时形式可以不变。例如：Ann said,“She was born in 1981.”Ann said she was born

20、 in 1981.Direct Speech VS Indirect Speech 3）一般将来时变成过去将来时）一般将来时变成过去将来时 最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。例如：He said,“Were spending next weekend at home.”He said they were spending the next weekend at home.She said,“The milk will go off（变质）if you dont drink it today.”She said the milk would go off if I di

21、dnt drink it that day.They said,“Were going to Hawaii this summer vacation.”They said they were going to Hawaii that summer vacation.人称的相应变化人称的相应变化Iwe与主句主语一致与主句主语一致You与主句宾语一致与主句宾语一致*间接引语无引号Hesheitthey不变Direct speechIndirect speechnowthenthisthatyesterdaythat daytomorrowthe next daytodaythe day befor

22、ethis afternoonthat afternoon时间状语的变化时间状语的变化指示代词的变化 this，these分别变成that/it，those/they或them；指示限定词this，those通常变为that，those或the。例如：“This house is very expensive,”she said.She said that house was very expensive.The children came back with two wallets and said,“We picked these up on the pavement.”The child

23、ren came back with two wallets and said they had picked them up on the pavement.地点状语的变化 地点状语here通常变为there；但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用here，也可用具体地点代替here。例如：She said,“I first met your brother here.”She said she first met my brother there.“Are the children here?”Father asked.Father asked whether the children

24、 were here.时间状语不变时间状语不变的情况的情况 时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定，如果引述时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定，如果引述时间和说话时间（如同一年、同一月、同一天时间和说话时间（如同一年、同一月、同一天等），时间状语可不变。等），时间状语可不变。例如：Mr.Black said,“We started learning Chinese last month.”Mr.Black said they had started learning Chinese last month.（同一月引述）Mr.Black said they had started learning Ch

25、inese the previous month.（可在同一月引述，也可不在同一月引述）分句分句不变的情况不变的情况 时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。行时可以不变。例如：John said,“When I lived in London I often saw Jane.”John said when he lived in London he had often seen Jane.John said when he lived in London he often saw Jane.在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词

26、时态却不必改变，即：a）当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时：内容时：He said,“The word laser is an acronym（首字母缩词）.”He said the word laser is an acronym.b）当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时：“Im forty,”he said.He said he is forty.c）在引述时，如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间，那么，可以不推移到过去将来时间。例如：He said,“Ill be waiting for you

27、tomorrow.”He said he will be waiting for me tomorrow.d）当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时：He said,“It must be pretty late.I really must go.”He said it must be pretty late,and he really must go.1.“Im going home now.”she said.She said_2.“I will call you tomorrow morning.”Alice said to Tom.Alice _ Tom _3.“We are hav

28、ing a surprise party for Linda now.”Marcia said_4.“You can do better.”His father said to him.His father _him _5.“I should try my best next time.”Jack thought.Jack thought _6.“Were not going to have lessons this afternoon.”The boy said to his father_.she was going home then.told she would call him.th

29、ey were having a for then.told he could do better.he should try his best the next time.told they were not going to have lessons that afternoon.译成英语 1.我恐怕我明天可能会晚点到。2.你知道他在鞋厂工作了多久了吗？3.我不知道他昨天是否穿了那件新衬衫。4.妈妈问那把雨伞在哪里。5.他告诉我他的父母会来看他。6.老师问我是否完成了物理作业。7.今晚是否会下雨，我不确定。8.你能告诉我为什么他每天都起地这么迟吗？9.我想我能帮助你。10）我不记得以前是否

30、看过这部电影。11）她说昨天她的丈夫起程去法国了。12）警察发现在这场交通事故中一名男子受了重伤。用适当的连接词填空 1.The mother likes saying _she has a good daughter.2.They told me _ they could finish the work before ten oclock.3.The boy wanted to know _they could go boating.4.Mr.Green asked _would give the message to Miss Wang.5.Dad wanted to know _the

31、tennis match would be held that day.6.She hasnt decided _language she is going to choose.7.Its well-known _Lu Xun was a great writer.8.Do you know _Doctor King live?9.Lucy wants to ask Li Lei _he goes to school by bus every day.thatIf/whetherthatwhowhichthatwhereIf/whetherwhere10.He doesnt know _she

32、 will go to the USA tomorrow.11.I hope _everybody at school are all well.12.Lily asked _there were any cheaper ones.13.I didnt know _ the books were.14.Do you know _ I get up every day.15.Could you tell me _grade you are in?16.The boy didnt know _was his new English teacher.17.The teacher asked _Li Lei was late for school.18.I was afraid _he might fail his exam.19.Can you tell me _you got home yesterday.20.I didnt know _book it was.If/whetherIf/whetherIf/whetherwherethatthatwhichwhosehowwhowhen