汉语四字格的分类.docx

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1、汉语四字格的分类四字格词语是汉语词汇的一大特点，它一般由分成前后两个部分的四个词素构成。从语法关系看，词组中前后两个部分可以是主谓、动宾、偏正或者并列关系从结构上看，四字格由自由词组和固定词组组成。自由词组是临时组成的，可以随意拆散，重新组合，例如：“品种齐全，做工精细”等；而固定词组是一个整体，四个语素不能拆开、随意更换。四字格的汉英翻译方法汉语中出现的四字格，很多只是为了读起来上口，对仗，并没有太深的寓意，在英语中我们并不一定能找到一个表达形式与之对应，我们只需准确理解其真正含义，然后进行翻译：1、将四字格前后两个词语分开2、判断这两个词语属于什么词类3、分析前后两个词语间的逻辑关系4、通

2、过逻辑关系确定翻译方法并列关系法：将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文，然后中间用并列连词”and”连接即可。名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites青山绿水 green hills and clear waters平等互利 equality and mutual benefit扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government集思广益 draw o

3、n collective wisom and absorb all useful ideas语义重复法：这类四字格前后两个词语的语意是一样的，如果前后两个词语都翻译的话就构成语义重复了，所以在翻译这类四字格的时候，只需翻译一项语义就行层峦叠嶂 peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest审时度势 size up the trend of events招商引资 attract investment目的关系法：这类四字格前后两个词语具有目的关系，对于这类四字格可以采用动词不定式或者介词短语来表达目的状语减员增效 downsiz

4、e (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学 raise money to set up new schools结党营私 form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one途径方式法：具有这种逻辑关系的四字格可以采用介词through ,according to, with 等介词短语表达相应的方式状

5、语寓教于乐 teach through lively activities因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配 distribution according to performance以商养文 support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business偏正词组法：对于偏正关系的四字格必有一主一次，将其中一个词语处理为修饰性成分，而将另外一个处理为中心词廉洁奉公 honestly perform ones official duties环境绿

6、化 environmental greening超前消费 premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱 the strong domineering over the weak以人为本 people foremost; People-oriented动宾关系：优势互补 complement each others advantages 自主经营，自负盈亏 make ones own management decisions, take full responsibility for ones own profits

7、 and losses条件关系：不进则退 no progress simply means regression省略意向：瞻前顾后 overcautious （过于谨慎的）and indecisive(犹豫不决的)源远流长 have a long history呕心沥血 spare no efforts画龙点睛 bring out the crucial point花天酒地 go on the loose汗马功劳 exploits 闻名遐迩 famous独具匠心 original中流砥柱 mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡 a land of milk and ho

8、ney世外桃源 a haven of peace叠词的翻译叠词是汉语的一种特殊词汇现象，使用非常普遍。汉语的名词、数词、量词、形容词、副词、动词以及象声词都有重叠变化，其主要形态格式有一下十类：1.AA：天天、看看、洋洋、哄哄2.AAB：毛毛雨、洗洗手、刷刷牙、写写字3.ABB：眼巴巴、水汪汪、凉丝丝、亮堂堂4.AABB:高高兴兴、认认真真、三三两两、滴滴答答5.ABAB：一个一个、雪白雪白、飞快飞快、漆黑漆黑6.A一A:看一看、试一试、热一热、猜一猜7.A了（一）A：看了看、试了试、摸了摸、拍了拍（看了一看、试了一试、摸了一摸、拍了一拍）8.A呀/呵A:唱呀唱、游呀游、走呀走、读呀读9.A着

9、A着：说着说着、数着数着、跳着跳着、骑着骑着10.A里AB：糊里糊涂、傻里傻气、娇里娇气、罗里罗嗦另外还有AABC式（楚楚动人）BCAA式（风雪茫茫）ABAC（一举一动）A都A不式（爬都不爬）这些格式使用率不高。汉语词汇重叠后，一般无词性变化。但是词义大都会发生变化。叠词词义变化可归纳为三种情况。1.增义：增加语义2.强义：加强语意3.弱义：减缓语意叠词的翻译虽然英语有重叠元音或辅音而形成的词汇，有类似于重叠的单词连续反复，以及象声词重叠的现象。但是，与汉语的重叠变化来说相去甚远，它们远不足以翻译汉语的叠词。因此，大多数情况下，只能舍弃其形式而译其意义，用比较切近、自然的译文表达出原文的语意和

10、体现重叠后词的词义变化。尽管如此，我们还是可以从中找出一基本的翻译方法。1.借助every、all、each等词语，以表达增义的语意，例如：件件衣服都很漂亮All of these suits of clothes are beatiful.绿化祖国，人人有责Its everybodys duty to make our motherland green.2.用相同的词连续反复的方法翻译，汉英中，同一个词用介词（after, in, to, upon, with等）或and连续起来使用，用连字符 连接起来使用，或者用逗号隔开重叠使用。以此来“增义或强义”一天一天、一年一年Day after d

11、ay and year after year农民犁田只能一块一块地犁Peasants can only plough the land plot by plot.3.用复数形式翻译学生三三两两地坐在教室里The students their seats in the classroom by twos and threes.一群一群的人蜂拥而进大厅Crowds of people swarmed into the hall.4. 用语义相符的英语表达方式或语法结构表达叠词的强义。数着数着，两只兔子快到对岸了As they counted the two found themselves qui

12、te near the other side of the river.他们听着听着不觉哈哈大笑起来。As they listened they burst into laughter.他思绪滚滚，早已忘却约会一事He had been so busy with her own emotion that he had forgotten about the appointment.2017年12月考研的(18年9月入学, 暨18考研党)直播课请戳我报名附：一些常用的四字格翻译，这里只给出四字格脱离语境的翻译，放在上下文中一定根据句子要求进行调整。预防为主prevention first综合治理

13、comprehensive control/management全面推进entire/all-round push-on重点突破breakthrough at key points亲仁善邻cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness和睦相处living in harmony with others强不凌弱The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor. 协和万邦All nations live side by side in perfec

14、t harmony.海纳百川有容乃大One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers.兼收并蓄embrace everything that is useful光阴似箭Time flies like an arrow. /How time files!一诺千金有诺必践Commitment should always be kept.一如既往unswervingly和衷共济solidarity; fighting together with one accord亡

15、国灭种extinction; being conquered and destroyed万众一心pull together; join hands; make joint efforts; be united as one浩然气概noble spirit不屈节操unyielding moral principle赴汤蹈火go through fire and water殊死奋战fight desperately; fight to death可歌可泣moved one to songs and tears英勇卓绝heroic and splendid插科打诨comic parts精微深奥pro

16、found and abstruse博大精深extensive and profound源远流长run a long history天下为公The world belongs to all the people.天下兴亡匹夫有责Every man has a duty to his country.吃苦耐劳hard work and enduring hardship勤俭持家run the household industriously and frugally尊师重教respect teachers and attach importance to education当务之急urgent;

17、imminent不谋而合coincide with莘莘学子students青春洋溢young书香浓郁academic/cultural atmosphere朝气蓬勃充满活力dynamic; vigorous多姿多彩colorful日新月异change with each passing day光芒四射shining; brilliant安居乐业live and work happily and peacefully相知无远近万里尚为邻Distance can never separate real friends.携手前进join hands名列前茅rank top此起彼伏rise one a

18、fter another, keep cropping up繁衍生息live and multiply/reproduce改朝换代changes of dynasties穷兵黩武wantonly engage in military aggression; use all ones armed might to indulge in wars of aggression雅俗共赏appeal to both refined and popular tastes与日俱增increase with each passing day, be steadily on the increase极目远眺lo

19、ok as far as the eye can see按资排辈to assign priority according to seniority求同存异seeking common ground while putting aside differences流连忘返linger on; be too delighted to leave乐不思蜀too delighted to be homesick不宣而战start an undeclared war尽收眼底hold a panoramic view扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉

20、fight corruption and build a clean government集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences延年益寿prolong ones life审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attr

21、act investment急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits扫黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography减员增效downsize(and cut payroll) to improve efficiency退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pasture互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial集资办学raise money to set up new schools寓教于乐teach through liv

22、ely activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance廉洁奉公honestly perform ones official duties呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point绿水青山green hills and clear waters墨客骚人men of letters奇花异草exotic flowers and herbs鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey奇

23、峰异石picturesque peaks and rocks浓妆淡抹heavy or light makeup轩然大波a great disturbance, a mighty uproar凤毛麟角rarity of rarities层峦叠嶂range upon range of mountains; the hills rise around崇山峻岭steep mountains雕梁画栋carved beams and painted pillars名山大川famous mountains and great rivers湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿

24、水green hills and clear waters名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites平等互利equality and mutual benefit国计民生national welfare and the peoples livelihood灵丹妙药panacea/miraculous cure中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone世外桃源a haven of peace长治久安a long period of stability按劳分配distribution according to ones performancea

25、blaze of bright colours姹紫嫣红towering and steep mountains崇山峻岭Each turn of the boat affords a different scenery船移景换carved beams and painted rafters雕梁画栋scenery of exceptional charm洞天福地Waters rush down in whirlpools and rapids飞流急湍the paths running sinuously amidst the peaks峰回路转ancient architectural古建筑群of

26、 antique beauty古色古香national park国家公园towering and magnificent宏伟挺拔beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains湖光山色look as far as the eye can see极目远眺the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River江南水乡resplendent and magnificent金碧辉煌command a panoramic view of尽收眼底be greatly surprised/astonished惊奇不已Raging/

27、Tumultuous/Turbulent waves pound on the banks.惊涛拍案a superb collection of beautiful things琳琅满目placed closely side by side鳞次栉比beautifully wrought玲珑剔透linger on and forget to return流连忘返tourist attraction; scenic spot; places of interest旅游景点an endless stream络绎不绝too many beautiful things to be appreciated

28、 at once美不胜收famous scenic spots and places of historical interest名胜古迹known far and wide闻名遐尔famous men of letters墨客骚人picturesque peaks and rocks奇峰异石exotic flowers and herbs奇花异草be surrounded by mountains/hills群山环抱Mountains are high and torrents are swift高山水急range upon range of green hills山峦迭翠ascend step by step拾级而上举足轻重decisive, vital, significant光辉灿烂glorious and magnificent不可磨灭indelible无边无际boundless广袤富饶vast and fertile宏伟挺拔towering magnificence金壁辉煌splendid and magnificent玲珑剔透exquisitely carved/made/wrought蔚为壮观splendid; spectacular庄严肃穆solemn不屈不挠unyielding, unrelenting, dauntless