离子交换中英文

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1、离子交换树脂Organic ion exchange resins having cross linked hydrocarbon matrix and derivatized with inorganic group are the most common ion exchange materials used in industrial applications.有机离子交换树脂的交联基体和烃类衍生物与无机组是最常见的离子交换在工业应用中使用的材料。 The majority of the commercial resins are based on the styrene-divinyl

2、benzene structure because of its good resistance against chemical and physical stress.该商业树脂绝大多数都是以由于其抗化学和物理应力好，耐苯乙烯二乙烯苯的结构。 The structure is stable at relatively high temperatures and over the whole pH range.其结构是稳定在较高的温度和pH值在整个范围内。 Styrene polymer chains (Figure 2) are crosslinked with divinylbentze

3、ne (DVB) and the elasticity of resin can be adjusted by varying the amount of DVB it contains.苯乙烯聚合物链（图2）交联divinylbentzene（DVB）的，树脂的弹性，可以通过改变它包含的DVB数额进行调整。Figure 2.图2。 Styrene-divinylbentzene co-polymer X= ionogenic/functional group苯乙烯- divinylbentzene共聚物X = ionogenic /功能组The ion exchange properties

4、 of organic resins are mainly based on ionogenic groups which can be attached to practically all the styrene rings in the styrene-divinylbentzene co-polymer.有机树脂的离子交换性能，主要是在此基础上可以附加在苯乙烯divinylbentzene合作，几乎所有的聚合物苯乙烯环ionogenic组。 Thus, resins with very low crosslinking (DVB portion 1-2%) can have the m

5、aximum theoretical concentration of the ionogenic groups of approximately 9 mmol/g.因此，具有非常低的交联（部分1-2的DVB）树脂可以有大约9 mmol理论的ionogenic组的最大浓度/克 Usually, commercial resins contain ionogenic groups at a concentration in the range of 2.5-5 mmol/g.通常情况下，商业树脂中含有的浓度范围2.5-5 mmol /克ionogenic组 The nature of ionog

6、enic groups can vary from strong acidic cation exchangers (-SO 3 - ) to strong basic anion exchangers (-N + (CH 3 ) 3 ) and to chelate forming exchangers.这些团体的性质ionogenic可以从强酸性阳离子交换（-的SO 3 - ）强碱性阴离子交换器（- N的+为（CH 3）3）和螯合形成器。 There are also active groups which have no electric charge but donor atoms a

7、ttract cations by donating free electron pairs to form coordination bonds.还有哪些没有原子电荷但捐助者的捐款吸引自由电子对形成配位键阳离子活性基团。 Ionogenic, chelating, and complex forming active groups may be called functional groups. Ionogenic，螯合，形成积极的和复杂的群体可能被称为功能组别。The ion exchange systems used in the metal plating industry are m

8、ainly based on conventional technology ie, strong acid cation or medium base anion resin in fixed bed column systems.离子交换在金属表面处理业所使用的系统，主要是基于传统的技术，即强酸性阳离子或中等基地固定床列系统阴离子树脂。 This technology has been applied in many special applications like the two-step metal-cyanide recovery treatment of acidic coppe

9、r or zinc solutions (Cushnie, Fravel) and the renovation of chromating baths (removing of cationic impurities) (Pajunen) but major waste streams are usually treated by other methods.该技术已经应用在像两步金属氰化铜或锌的酸性溶液（Cushnie，Fravel）和钝化浴（阳离子杂质去除）（Pajunen），但主要的废物回收处理流翻新许多特殊应用通常治疗的其他方法。 Strong base anion resin ca

10、n be used for removing anionic metal complexes from acidic waters like ZnCl 4 2- in spent pickle solution or Cr(VI) in rinse water after chromating (Tan).强碱阴离子树脂可用于去除水从酸性阴离子如氯化锌金属配合物4 2 -在溶液或用泡菜水冲洗中Cr（VI）的钝化后（潭）。 Weakly acidic exchangers (-COO - ) have shown good separation performance for Zn in pla

11、ting waste (Uy) and for nickel (Halle), however weakly acidic resins have no widespread applications in the plating industry.弱- ）酸性热交换器（首席运营官都显示了良好的哈雷）分离性能锌电镀废水（乌伊）和镍（但是弱酸性树脂具有电镀行业没有广泛的应用研究。 Carboxylic resins can be manufactured directly from copolymer components, so a functionalization step is unne

12、cessary and it is easy to generate a high theoretical specific capacity for the product.羧酸树脂可直接制成的共聚物组成部分，所以功能化的步骤是不必要的，很容易产生较高的理论比容量的产品。 The carboxylic group dissociates in a higher pH range than the sulphonic group and exchanger is easily regenerated with acid.不赞成的羧基在一个较高的pH值范围比磺酸组和器是很容易与酸再生。 On t

13、he other hand, the complex forming characteristics of carboxylic resins (Kononowa) are too weak for competition with complex forming agents in waste solutions.另一方面，复杂的形成（Kononowa）羧酸树脂的特点是过于复杂的解决方案与废物成型剂竞争薄弱。Chelating ion exchange resins have ionogenic groups which can form coordination bonds with me

14、tals, their donor atoms are usually sulphur, nitrogen or both in the same group (Figure 3).螯合离子交换树脂具有ionogenic团体，可与金属配位键，他们的捐助原子通常是硫，氮或在同一组（图3）两种。 The bonds formed in this kind of metal sorption usually have both covalent and ionic characteristics.在这种金属吸附形成的一种债券，通常有两种共价键和离子的特点。 The sorption properti

15、es of chelating resins are well known and documented (Sahni).螯合树脂的吸附性能是众所周知的，记载（Sahni博士）。 Probably the best property of the chelating resins is their selectivity towards transition metals and the weakly acidic nature of chelating groups makes the regeneration step with mineral acid quite easy.大概是最好的

16、属性是螯合树脂他们对过渡金属螯合组和弱碱性的选择性，使与无机酸很容易再生的一步。 There are also resins which do not have negatively charged ionogenic groups but which form complexes with metals.还有那些没有带负电荷的ionogenic团体，而是形成复合物与金属树脂。 An important example of these are the picolylamine resins (Figure 3) which form rather stable complexes at lo

17、w pH ranges (Grinstead).对这些重要的例子是picolylamine树脂（图3）形成低pH值范围（格林斯蒂德），而稳定的复合物。 Sengupta recommends these kind of complex forming resins for removing trace amounts of metal cations from the background of very high concentrations of competing alkaline- and alkaline earth metal ions at acidic pH (Sengupta

18、 1991).森古普塔建议这些复杂成形树脂去除微量从相互竞争的碱，碱土金属离子的浓度非常高时（森古普塔1991）酸性背景一种金属离子量。 Figure 3.图3。 Divalent metal binding onto chelating exchangers A) iminodiacetic acid B) picolylamine二价金属螯合器上一）亚氨基二乙酸乙）picolylamine约束力The applications of chelating materials for hydrometallurgic waste treatment are however few.为hydro

19、metallurgic废物处理螯合材料的应用不过是少数。 There is an example of an elegant method for processing stable metal complexes.有一个稳定的金属配合物处理方法的例子优雅。 The method is mostly based on the ability of special resins to adsorb metals in a low pH range (Masahide).该方法主要是基于特殊的树脂吸附能力在低pH值范围（雅秀）金属。 Waste solutions containing Cu as

20、 a EDTA complex are made acidic (pH 2.5) with sulphuric acid to break the complex and the metal is separated utilising a chelating resin.包含复杂铜废液作为EDTA的是由酸性（pH值 2.5）与硫酸打破复杂，利用一个金属螯合树脂分离。 Cosmen has shown that it is possible to use chelating aminophosphonate resin for continuous ion exchange in a flui

21、dized bed and to remove metals used in the electroplating industries (Cosmen). Cosmen表明，它可以使用螯合在流化床连续离子交换树脂和氨基膦消除电镀行业（Cosmen）使用的金属。 Also resins with iminodiacetic acid or with picolylamine groups have been shown to have good properties in practice for Cu recovery (Brown).还与亚氨基二乙酸树脂或picolylamine组已被证明

22、具有良好的性能在实践中回收铜（棕色）。Chelating resins seem to have several favourable properties, but there are some important reasons why these resins are not used.螯合树脂似乎有一些有利的特性，但也有一些，为什么不使用这些树脂的重要原因。 First, compared to conventional resins, chelating resins are expensive.首先，相对于传统的树脂，螯合树脂价格昂贵。 Second, chelating resins are kinetically much slower in their action and consequently large volumes of the resin are required compared to conventional resins.二，螯合树脂的动力学慢得多，因此在他们的行动对树脂体积大，必须比传统树脂。