高级英语课程第一册制作人徐李洁

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1、 高级英语高级英语 精品课程精品课程 第一册第一册 制作人：制作人：徐李洁徐李洁Teaching Objectives Of the Unit1)To acquaint students with the major events in the history of USA.2)To acquaint students with the life and writing of Mark Twain.3)To acquaint students with biographic writing.4)To help students to appreciate the rich rhetorical

2、 devices in the textQuestions to consider for pre-reading.Why does the author say that Mark Twain is the mirror of America?The assertion that Mark Twain is the mirror of America is made in two senses.First,Mark Twains exciting,adventuresome life stories themselves mirror a part of true American hist

3、ory,and the life of ordinary American people.Second,his life experience furnished him with a wide knowledge of humanity,as well as with the perfect grasp of local customs and speech,which Mark Twain has manifested so well in his writing.His works mirror the real society of his time.Mark Twain is a p

4、art of America.Mark Twain is a part of America.As a man,he grew up with America as a country(a As a man,he grew up with America as a country(a young country)young country)As a writer,he grew up with America,moved along with As a writer,he grew up with America,moved along with America,from innocence

5、to experience.America,from innocence to experience.Mark Twain:Samuel Langhorne Clemens(1835-1910).two fathoms deep.His Life _ Historic Events of USA His Life _ Historic Events of USAu Tramp printeru River pilot -Prosperous Mississippi River Transcontinental Railroadsu Guerrilla The Civil Waru Prospe

6、ctor -Gold Rushu Reporter -Westward Expansionu Correspondent -Europe,the Holy Landu Writer -Tom Sawyers innocence Huck Finns experienceMark Twain Mirror of AmericaPart I(Para.1):It serves as an introduction of the whole text.Part II(Para2-19):It provides his lifehis success and comments on his works

7、.Part III(Para.20-22):It devotes to his personal tragedy.Part One Question:How was Mark Twain introduced?-his outstanding achievements as a writer who created two immortal characters-his multi-sided personality:adventurous,patriotic,romantic,humorist,cynical,bitter,sad.Most Americans remember Mark T

8、wain as the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure.In-deed,this nations best-loved author was every bit as adventurous,patriotic,romantic,and humorous as anyone has ever imagined.I found another Twain as well one who grew c

9、ynical,bitter,saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him,a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race,who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn.There was nothing before.There

10、has been nothing as good since.-Ernest HemingwayOne of his greatest accomplishments was the development of a writing style that was distinctly American,rather than an imitation of the style of English writers.Twain made a more extensive combination of American folk humor and serious literature than

11、previous writers had done.(local colorism,a dominant fashion from 1860s1900s)The loose rhythms of the language in his books give the impression of real speech.Twains realistic prose style has influenced numerous American writers.Words and Expressions Words and Expressions rememberas 鲁迅创造了阿鲁迅创造了阿Q,这是

12、大多数的中国人所熟知的这是大多数的中国人所熟知的.Most Chinese people remember Lu Xun as the father of Ah Qu.(every bit)as as anyone has ever imagined 她的美丽无与伦比她的美丽无与伦比.She is as beautiful as any one has ever imagined.I am every bit as sorry about it as you are鲁迅鲁迅,这位最受中国人民喜爱的作家之一这位最受中国人民喜爱的作家之一,他的爱国热情、尖刻而幽他的爱国热情、尖刻而幽默的笔调都达到

13、了登峰造极的地步。默的笔调都达到了登峰造极的地步。Lu Xun,one of best-loved authors in China,was every bit as patriotic,acid-tongued and humorous as anyone has ever imagined.cynical,a cynicdenying the sincerity of peoples motives and actions;seeing no goodness in human behavior.having little faith in human sincerity or goodn

14、ess.a cynical man/a cynical attitude/a cynical smile With that cynical outlook he doesnt trust anyone.profound to emphasize that sth.is very great and intense His love/feeling for his country was profound.profound anger/shock/disagreement.a profound idea,work,person-shows great intellectual depth an

15、d understanding.This book is full of profound insights 深邃的见解深邃的见解.deal,obsess with,frailtiesdeal sb.a blow to cause sb.great difficulties He dealt me a hard blow on the chin The news dealt me a severe blowobsess:v.To occupy the mind of excessively,keep thinking about sth and find it difficult to thi

16、nk about anything else.使使着迷着迷,困扰困扰 I must admit that diamonds obsess me.She stopped drinking and began obsessing about her weight He was obsessed with rocknroll 她晚年一直受到死亡恐惧的困扰。她晚年一直受到死亡恐惧的困扰。The fear of death obsessed her throughout her old agefrailty:a weakness of character or behavior.One of the f

17、railties of human nature is laziness.Frailty,thy name is woman!(Hamlet)Part TwoPart Two Paragraphs 2-6 Cultural BackgroundCultural Background -the Mississippi River -the Mississippi River -Lynching -Lynching -pioneering humanity -pioneering humanity -transcontinental railroads -transcontinental rail

18、roads -the Civil War -the Civil WarRecommended movies:Recommended movies:Gone with Wind Gone with Wind Great Debaters Great Debaters Part II(Para.2-19)(Para.2):General introduction of Mark Twains life experiences.(Para.12-13):(Para 2)General introduction of Mark Twains life experiencestramp printer,

19、river pilot guerrillaprospectorwriter/lecturerstarry-eyed optimist,acid-tongued cynic Words and ExpressionsWords and Expressionsdigest:vt Fish is easy to digest.Have you digested the report yet?All this upset me.I need some time to digest it all.It took her a while to digest the bad news.过了一会儿她才接受了这

20、个坏消息过了一会儿她才接受了这个坏消息 Digest:n.a collection of pieces and writings Readers Digest(读者文摘读者文摘)Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.(Francis Bacon)书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。attest:v.to.Be or give clear proof of sth.他对危机的处理证明了他性格坚强。他对危机

21、的处理证明了他性格坚强。His handling of the crisis attested(to)his strength of character.她的迅速提升体现了她的杰出才干。她的迅速提升体现了她的杰出才干。Her outstanding ability was attested by her rapid promotion.His beautifully painted pictures well attest his love of his hometown.score:twenty Four scores and seven years ago our forefathers(

22、87 years)scores of:large number,more than dozens but smaller than hundredsdozen:twelve dozens of A decade;decades of When I was a little boy,there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of the Mississippi river.That was,to be a steam-boatman.We had transient

23、 ambitions of other sorts,but they were only transient.When a circus came and went,it left us all burning to become clowns;now and then we had a hope that,if we lived and were good,God would permit us to be pirates.These ambitions faded out,each in its turn;but the ambition to be a steam-boatman alw

24、ays remained.”(p.21)What was the importance of the River to Mark Twains writing?marked the real beginning of his education e.g pilothouse talks of feuds,piracies,lynchings,medicine shows,savage waterside slumsacquainted him with every possible type of human nature,from whom he gained keen perception

25、 of the human race e.g.pioneers,hustlers,gamblers,thugssoaked up in the colorful language that he would record in his later writingWords and Expressionsdrain:v.to receive the waters of this area and carry them to the ocean;or to carry away the surface water.流过流过,把把(水水)排掉排掉,消耗掉消耗掉 water from the pond

26、 They wanted to the land The illness ed his strength The nations resources were ed by the war He ed his parents of every penny they had.Drainage system 排水系统排水系统Drainage basin 流域流域 teem with;resurface;soak upteem with:be full of,be swarming or crowded with充满充满 The river teems with all kinds of fish i

27、n summer.The woodlands teemed with wild life.Hainan teems with tourists in winter.resurface:to become important and noticeable again These ideas resurfaced in the American civil rights movement.The disease was said to have resurfaced in three countries.soak up:to take in,to absorb He got out his han

28、dkerchief to soak up the blood.The reporter soaked up new information like a sponge.My clothes are soaking wet.Dont stand in the rain.You will be soaked through.cast of characters pilothouse talk of feuds,piracies,lynchings,medicine shows,savage waterside slums.The colorful language that he soaked u

29、p with a memory that seemed phonographicmain current of pioneering humanityits flotsam of hustlers,gamblers,and thugs What people claim to be and what they really are.railroads began to dry up the demand for steamboat pilotsA motley band of guerillasdry up:(put)(come)to an end In hot weather,the lak

30、e/well/spring dries up.After his third novel,his imagination seemed to dry up.He spends easily as if his money never dries up.Lets dry up these glasses and get down to work.Dry book/lecture/film/speech Part TwoPart Two Paragraphs 7-13 Background InformationBackground Information -The Gold Rush -The

31、Gold Rush -Westward Expansion -Westward Expansion -the Old World,the New world -the Old World,the New world -the Holy Land -the Holy Land The old world vs.the new world The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known as Europeans,Asians,and Africans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus;it

32、 includes Europe,Asia,and Africa(collectively known as Africa-Eurasia),plus surrounding islands.The term is in distinction from the New World,meaning the Americas.Although the interiors of Asia and Africa were not well known to Europeans at the time,their existence was known,as were Japan and South

33、Africa,which are also considered Old World.Oceania and Antarctica are neither definitely Old World nor New World,since the terms Old World and New World predate their discovery by Europeans.Holy Land From Wikipedia,the free encyclopediaThe expression The Holy Land generally refers to the Land of Isr

34、ael.It concerns the areas that hold significant religious importance to any or all three monotheistic Abrahamic traditions:Judaism,Christianity and Islam.1)The core reason why Jews view the land as holy is due to the special status the Bible gives it with regard to Jewish religious observance,togeth

35、er with the fact that Jerusalem was the site of the Temple.2)The Holy Land is significant in Christianity,mainly because it is the place of birth,Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth,the Saviour or Messiah to Christianity.(see 耶稣受难耶稣受难记）记）3)Sharing similar religious beliefs with Jews an

36、d Christians,Muslims consider the land west of(but not limited to)the Jordan River to be Sacred as mentioned in the Quran,(5:20-21).Paragraph 7 He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevadas Washoe region.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wea

37、lth available to the lucky and the persistent,and was rebuffed.Broke and discouraged,he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise,to literatures enduring gratitude.Words and expressions Succumb to;flirt with;succumb to gave way to,yielded to,submitted to 屈服，屈从于，听从屈服，屈从

38、于，听从 The government succumbed to the pressure of the press.政府已屈服于报界的压力。政府已屈服于报界的压力。Jiang Jie-shi succumbed to the pressure of the public and formed a united front with the Communist Party against the Japanese.flirt withmake love for amusement,without serious intention She flirts with every handsome

39、man she meets.Dont take her seriously,poor boy.Shes only flirting with you.(fig)pretend to be interested in,think about,but not seriously.Hes been flirting with the idea of going to New York.flirtatious girl Rebuff:to reject bluntly;回绝回绝,断然拒绝断然拒绝 She rebuffed all my offers of friendship.The attempt

40、of friendship was rebuffed with a cold look.We tried to be friendly,but his rebuff made me think that he wanted to left alone.to literatures enduring gratitudean adverbial of result.To my surprise/satisfaction/disappointment/delight/horror/astonishment/dismay/amusement/to my knowledge（据我所知）（据我所知）Par

41、agraph 8 From the discouragement of his mining failures,Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade,but for making money,his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.In the spring

42、 of 1864,less than two years after joining the Territorial Enterprise,he boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco,then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers.His pen would prove mightier than his pickax.Metonymy:a figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something

43、 else with which it is associated.Metaphor:a figure of speech containing an implied comparison,in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used for one thing is applied to another.Identify:1)Habit is a cable.2)Beware of the bottle.3)Some books are to be tasted.4)Time is money.5)Have you ever

44、read Mark Twain?6)The kettle is boiling(1.metonymy;2.meto;3.metaphor;4.meta;5.meto;5.meto;)the crown-the king,Mississippi-the main artery of heart 独眼龙，独眼龙，带帽子的带帽子的,向日葵，穿山甲，向日葵，穿山甲，大好河山大好河山,马尾松，马尾松，带鱼，山腰带鱼，山腰.Synecdoche(提喻）提喻）a figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole,an individual for a

45、class,a material for a thing,or the reverse of any of these.Identify metonymy and synecdoche in the following:1)Lets drink a cup or two.2)They were short of hands.3)The pen is mightier than the sword.4)He could hardly earn his everyday bread.5)Put down the steel.6)We had dinner at ten dollars a head

46、.7)He is a brave heart.8)I am a man who lets the head rule the heart.Standard:metonymy:非隶属关系非隶属关系;synecdoche:隶属关系隶属关系(1.meto;2.syn;3.meto;4.syn;5.syn;6.syn;7.syn;8.meto)Paragraph 9 His descriptions of the rough-country settlers there ring familiarly in modern world accustomed to the trend-setting on

47、 the West Coast.“It was a splendid population for all the slow,sleepy,sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astounding enterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost and conseque

48、nces,which she bears unto this day and when she projects a new surprise the grave world smiles as usual,and says Well,that is California all over.Words and Expressions take a distinctly an American book a new world vs.an old world In Henry James The Ambassador”Americans-energy,vigor,innocence,roughn

49、ess,dash and daring Europeans-sophistication,refined,gracefulness hypocritical,arrogant A milestone,of sorts,in a countrys development glowing travelogue The Last Supper(Italian:Il Cenacolo or LUltima Cena)is a 15th century mural painting in Milan,created by Leonardo da Vinci for his patron Duke Lod

50、ovico Sforza.It represents the scene of The Last Supper from the final days of Jesus as depicted in the Bible.The painting is based on the account,in John 13:21,of Jesus announcing that one of his twelve disciples would betray him.The painting is one of the most well known and valued in the world;un

51、like many other valuable paintings,however,it has never been privately owned because it cannot easily be moved.The Last Supper Leonardo Da Vinci,14951498tempera on gesso,pitch and mastic460 880 cm,181 346 inches Santa Maria delle Grazie(Milan)The Last Supper is painted on the dilapidated wall of wha

52、t was a little chapel attached to the main church in ancient times.I suppose.It is battered and scarred in every direction,and stained and discolored by time.I recognized the old picture in a momentthe picture from which all engravings and all copies have been made for three centuries.Perhaps no liv

53、ing man has even known an attempt to paint the Lords Supper differently.The world seems to have become settled in this belief,long ago,that it is not possible for human genius to outdo this creation of Da Vincis.I suppose painters will go on copying it as long as any of the original is left visible

54、to the eye”(From The Innocents Abroad:The Old Masters)Question:What did Mark Twain satirize?It is a singular circumstance that right under the roof of this same church,and not far away from that illustrious column,Adam himself,the father of the human race,is buried.There is no question that he is ac

55、tually buried in the grave which is pointed out as his there can be none because it has never yet been proven that that grave is not the grave in which he is buried.The tomb of Adam!How touching it was,here in a land of strangers,far away from home,and friends,and all who cared for me,thus to discov

56、er the grave of a blood relation.The fountain of my filial affection was stirred to its profoundest depths,and I gave way to tumultuous emotion.I leaned upon a pillar and burst into tears.I deem it no shame to have wept over the grave of my relative.Let him who would sneer at my emotion close this v

57、olume here,for he will find little to his taste in my journeyings through Holy Land.Noble old man-he did not live to see me-he did not live to see his child.And I-I-alas,I did not live to see him.Weighed down by sorrow and disappointment,he died before I was born-six thousand brief summers before I

58、was born.But let us try to bear it with fortitude.Let us trust that he is better off where he is.Let us take comfort in the thought that his loss is our eternal gain.(from The Innocents Abroad:The Tomb of Adam)An account of Mark Twains two great worksThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer a classical tale of

59、American boyhoodThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn a moving panorama for exploration of American society Tom SawyerTom SawyerWhen the novel begins,Tom is a mischievous child who envies Huck Finns lazy lifestyle and freedom.As Toms adventures proceed,however,critical moments show Tom moving away from

60、 his childhood concerns and making mature,responsible decisions.These moments include Toms testimony at Muff Potters trial,his saving of Becky from punishment,and his heroic navigation out of the cave.By the end of the novel,Tom is coaxing Huck into staying at the Widow Douglass,urging his friend to

61、 accept tight collars,Sunday school,and good table manners.He is no longer a disobedient character undermining the adult order,but a defender of respectability and responsibility.In the end,growing up for Tom means embracing social custom and sacrificing the freedoms of childhood.Yet Toms developmen

62、t isnt totally coherent.Tom is a paradoxical figure in some respects Sometimes Tom shows the navet of a smaller child,with his interest in make-believe and superstitions.On the other hand,Toms romantic interest in Becky and his fascination with Hucks smoking and drinking seem more the concerns of an

63、 adolescent.Whether or not a single course of development characterizes Toms adventures,a single character traitToms unflagging energy and thirst for adventurepropels the novel from episode to episode.Disobedient though he may be,Tom ends up as St.Petersburgs hero.As the town gossips say,“Tom would

64、be President,yet,if he escaped hanging.”Huckleberry FinnHuckleberry Finn A character who exemplifies freedom within,and from,American society.Huck lives on the margins of society because,as the son of the town drunk,he is pretty much an orphan.He sleeps where he pleases,provided nobody chases him of

65、f,and he eats when he pleases,provided he can find a morsel.No one requires him to attend school or church,bathe,or dress respectably.Huck smokes and swears.Years of having to fend for himself have invested Huck with a solid common sense and a practical competence that complement Toms dreamy idealis

66、m and fantastical approach to reality.But Huck does have two things in common with Tom:a zest for adventure and a belief in superstition.Through Huck,Twain weighs the costs and benefits of living in a society against those of living independently of society.The adult society disapproves of Huck.After Huck saves the Widow Douglas and gets rich,the scale tips in the direction of living in society.But Huck,unlike Tom,isnt convinced that the exchange of freedom for stability is worth it.He has littl