定语从句解读ppt课件

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1、定义 在句子中起形容词作用起形容词作用的主谓结构，修修饰饰它前面的名词或代词名词或代词，即它的先行词。1.关系代词：who,whom（代人）,which（代物）,that,whose（代人或物）注：关系代词的数要和先行词一致，它的格取决于它在从句中充当的成分。a.All that glitters is not gold.(主语)Those who do not work must not eat.(主语)b.He is the man whom we all respect.(宾语)c.The girl to whom we talked just now is an American.(介

2、词宾语)d.Edison is a great inventor whose fame is world-wide.(定语)e.Jack imagined himself to be an artist,which he was not.(关系代词在从句中作主语补语时常用which.)Note；先行词前有限定词all,any,every,(a)few,no,only,some,very或序数词或形容词最高级等修饰时，其后的关系要用That.Eg.You can take any seat that is free.This is the very film that I want to see

3、.John lent me a few books that are of value.2.关系副词：when,where,why在从句中作状语；先行词总是表示时间、地点或理由的名词。eg.That is the period when he lived here.That is the place where he was born.That is the reason why he told lies.Eg.1.The travelers who/that knew about the floods took another road.(知道涨大水的旅客走另一条路。指部分旅客，限制性)Th

4、e travelers,who knew about the floods,took another road.(旅客都知道涨大水了，他们走另一条路。指全部旅客，非限制性）Eg.2.The wine which/that was in the cellar was all ruined.(藏在地窖里的酒坏了。指部分酒，限制性）The wine，which in the cellar，was all ruined.(酒藏在地窖里，全都坏了。指全部的酒，非限制性）限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 1.意义上的区别（参看例1、2）。2.形式上的区别。限制性定语从句无需用逗号与主句隔开，而非限制性必须隔

5、开。3.引导词的区别。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。that,which,whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时常被省略。eg.The car(which/that)I hired broke down after five kilometers.The lawyer(whom/that)I consulted gave me some useful advice.1.“介词+which”有以下四种表达方式：This is the house we wrote to you about.that we wrote to you about.(介词不能放在that 前)which we wr

6、ote to you about.about which we wrote to you.(用于正式文体)介词+which的特殊情况 以下两句只有一种表达方式：1).Your inefficiency,which we have put up with far too long,is beginning to annoy our customers.(put up with为固定动词短语，with不可前置。)2).That was the meeting during which I kept listening.(during与which 不能分开，during 不能后置。)2.介词+who

7、m有一下五种表达方式，用who比用whom 更常见：Do you know the manyour brother writes to?that your brother writes to?who your brother writes to?whom your brother writes to?(用于正式文体)to whom your brother writes?(用于更正式文体)3.介词+whose+n.有以下两种表达：This is Peter whose house Iv lived in for five years.in whose house Ive lived forFi

8、ve years.4.关于“名词/代词+介词+which/whom”的结构：1）We study in a big room,the window of which open to the park.(which的先行词是the room.)2）Her brothers,both of whom work in Shanghai,ring her up every week.(whom的先行词是her brothers.)这种形容词从句总是非限制性的，常由which引导，用逗号分开。eg.Some of the roads were flooded,which made our journey

9、 more difficult.(which的先行词是Some of the roads were flooded)He said he had no bike,which was not true.(which的先行词是he had no bike)1.as做关系代词 1）用于“the same as”,“such as”和“asas”的句型中，as引导限制性定语从句。eg.He is just the same as he used to be.(as在从句中作主语补语）Such passengers as survived the explosion were drowned.(as在从

10、句中作主语)As many people as we found were taken to the hospital.（第二个as在从句中作宾语）2）as(=which)可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，在句子中位置比较灵活。eg.As you know,David writes short stories.She is a teacher,as is clear from her manner.Water,as is known to all,is liquid.类似as you know的从句还有：as everybody knows,As I have said,as I see,as

11、 Im told,as is usual,asIs often the case,as might be expected,as oftenHappens,as you may have heard,as you may say等。2.but做关系代词 but做关系代词时总是用于否定句，意思是：无人（无物）不。eg.There is no one but knows about this matter.(=no one who does not know=everyone knows)（没有人不知道这件事。）Not a new man entered politics but was soon

12、 converted into an official of the old type.Practice 1.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _(他们至今还没有答案).(2008.12)2.The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _(我们可以合作的领域).(2007.6)把以下每题的两个句子组成一个定语从把以下每题的两个句子组成一个定语从句句 3.Mr.Smith was too busy to speak to me.I had come spec

13、ially to see him.4.The plane has flown 10,000 miles.I came to London in it.5.She refuses to use machines.This makes her work more time-consuming.改错：改错：6.This is the very book which will give you the help you need.7.Let ABC be a triangle which sides are of unequal length.8.The dogs chased the fox unt

14、il it hid in a hollow tree when it could not escape.参考答案参考答案:1.to which they still have no answers so far.2.the field in which we can cooperate.3.Mr.Smith,whom I had come specially to see,was too busy to speak to me.4.The plane,in which I came to London/which I came to London in,has flown 10,000 miles.5.She refuses to use machines,which makes her work more time-consuming.6.the very book that 7.triangle whose sides 8.tree where