新视野大学英语第五册单词(注释+例句)

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1、Unit !新视野大学英语第五冊第一课A Technological Revolution in Education 课文生词讲解(new words study)prevalenta. (fml.)existing commonly, generally, or widely (in some place or at some time); predominant(正式)(在某地或某时)流行的,盛行的:普遍的The habit of traveling by aircraft is becoming more prevalent each year.坐飞机旅行一年比一年普遍了。One sim

2、ple injection can help to protect you right through the cold months when flu is most prevalent.只要打上一针预防针就能帮助你度过流感盛行的寒冷月份。continuityn. Uunintcrrupted connection or union (through time or space)连续性,连贯性There is no continuity of subject in a dictionary.词典的主题没有连续性。This paper lacks continuity.这篇论文缺乏连贯性。in

3、herenta. existing as an essential constituent or characteristic; intrinsic固有的,内在的,天生的The communication skills that belong to each species of animal, including people, are not inherent.包括人在内的动物所具有的交际技能并不是天生的。With his inherent love of life, he started meeting people socially again, although he abstain

4、ed from alcohol and cigarettes.由天生热爱生活,他又开始了社交生活,但戒绝烟酒。inherentlyad. in itself or oneself; by its or ones nature ;as such ;intrinsically固有地,本质上,内在地It is most difficult to carry out reforms in inherently conservative institutions like schools.在像学校这样本质上保守的机构中进行改革是极其困难的。decisivea. 1. unquestionable无疑的.

5、明确的Although the new chairman had his critics, it was clear that his method of management had produced decisive changes.尽管这位新主席受到过批判，但他的管理方法显然带来了不容置疑的变 化。2. showing determination or firmness坚决的,果断的Top managers need to be decisive and should not push issues under the rug in the hope that they will sol

6、ve themselves.最高经理层要果断,而不应该把问题掩盖起来,指望它们自行解决。3. leading to a result; deciding an issue决定性的,关键性的Sadly, the guru died before passing on any decisive conclusion.可悲的是,这位大师还没来得及传授关键性结论就离世了。permeatevt. pass through or into every part of (sth.)滲透,渗入,充满The fragrance of flowers permeates every room.每个房间都弥漫着花香

7、。telecommunicationsn. the receiving or sending of messages by telephone, television, telegraph, or radio电信accessoryn. 1. (usu. pl.)sth. which is not a necessary part of sth. larger, but which makesit more useful effective, etc.附件,附属品He needs to buy a few accessories for his broken bicycle.他需要为他的破自行车

8、购买些附件。2. C one who incites, aids, or abets a lawbreaker in the commission of a crime, but is not present at the time of the crime(怂恿、帮助罪犯进行犯罪活动,但犯罪时不在现场的)同谋,从犯He was accused of being the accessory of those murderers.他被指控为那些谋杀者的同谋。literallyad. 1. exactly, without exaggeration确切地,真正地There are people i

9、n the world who literally do not know how to boil water.世界上确实有不知道怎么烧水的人。3. word by word逐字地It is difficult to understand his work when it is literally translated into Chinese.如果将他的作品逐字翻译成汉语是很难理解的。4. according to the words and not the intention 按字面地Dont take my remarks literally.别按字面理解我的话。5. (used loo

10、sely to intensify meaning)(用于加强语气)简直He was literally blue with cold.他真是冷得全身青紫。blessvt. ask Gods favor or protection for(祈求上帝)祝福,赐福于Bless this house!愿上帝保佑这个家。blessingn. l.Ca gift from God or anything that brings happiness or good fortune 上帝的恩赐:幸事Blessings cannot simply be expected to come along in di

11、sguise.不能总是指望祸事中陷藏着好事。2.U approval; encouragement批准,鼓励This plan has my blessing.这计划由我批准。The panel has to give its blessing to the ending of the contract. 专门小组不得不批准结束合约。instantaneousa. happening at once, instantly, without delay即刻的:瞬冋发生的The students can almost give instantaneous responses to question

12、s raised by their teacher.学生们几乎能立即回答老师提出的问题,This photo studio applies new technology to make an instantaneous photograph possible.这家照相馆应用新技术使快照成为可能。literacyn. U the ability to read and write识字,能读能写,有文化The king encouraged and demanded higher standards of literacy from his subjects.这位国王鼓励并且要求他的臣民们有更高的

13、文化水平。a literacy campaign扫盲运的the literacy rate文化普及率minglev. mix (with another thing or with people )so as to be an undivided whole, or to be indistinguishable相混合,(与另一物或人)混在一起The president delivered a speech that contained praise mingled with blame. 总统发表了一篇有赞扬也有责难的演说。The king mingled with the people i

14、n the streets.国王与街上的人混在起了。distortvt. 1. give a false account of; twist the true meaning 曲解:歪曲Comparisons are essential, isolated numbers merely distort the story. 对比极其重要,孤立的数字只能歪曲真相。That newspapers accounts of international affairs are sometimes distorted. 那家报纸对国际事件的报道冇时是歪曲事实的。2. twist out of a natu

15、ral, usual, original shape or condition 使变形,弄歪Her voice, distorted with tension, sounded so unnatural that at first no one recognized it.她的声音由于紧张而扭曲了,听起来极不自然,刚开始大家都没有听出是 她的声音来。formidablea. 1. difficult; hard to defeat困难的,难以克服的Chinese translators face formidable problems in tackling the translation o

16、f Shakespeares s cm nets.中国翻译家们在翻译莎士比亚I四行诗的过程中面临难以解决的困难。2. causing fear, doubt, anxiety, etc.可怕的，令人生畏的The head of the research section was a formidable old professor.研究室主任是个令人生畏的老教授。We cannot refuse, because we are in awe of the formidable woman running the PTA.我们不能拒绝,因为我们畏惧家长一教师协会的那位可怕的女主任。preceden

17、tn. C, U) an act or instance that may be used as an example in dealing with subsequent similar instances(用来处理同类问题时行之有效的)先例The President followed historical precedent in forming the Cabinet.总统按照历史惯例组成内阁。The trial could set an important precedent for dealing with large numbers of similar cases.那次审讯可以为

18、处理大量类似诉讼提供先例。without precedent in history 史无前向diploman. C an official paper showing that a person has successfully finished a course of study 毕业文凭,学位证书a college diploma大学文凭The secretary had diplomas in both education and linguistics.该秘书取得了教育学和语言学两个毕业文凭。certifyvt. 1. give a certificate to (sb.) decla

19、ring official / professional recognition 授合格证书Under the Fire Precautions Act 1971, there is no requirement for fire authorities to re-inspect a certified building.在1971年防火法案中,没有要求消防机构对审定合格的建筑重新检査。a certified teacher持有证书的教师2.declare that sth. is correct or true证明,证实He had to certify that restoration

20、was both practicable and in the public interest.他必须证实修复既可行乂符合公众利益,competencen. U the ability to do what is needed; skill 能力，技巧His remarkable handling of this difficult case demonstrated his competence as a lawyer.他対这件难断的案子的出色处理显示了他当律师的能力。To be a good teacher requires both competence and patience.做个好

21、老师既要有能力也要有耐心。simulatevt. (fml.) give the effect or appearance of ; imitate; closely imitate the conditions of a particular situation(正式)模拟,模仿:假装Eyewitnesses stated that they saw soldiers simulating a leg injury.目击者称他们看到士兵们假装腿部受伤。The case studies simulate a variety of international business situation

22、s in which English would be the likely language of communication.这些个案研究模拟以英语为可能交际语言的国际商务情景。a computer-simulated explosion计算机模拟的爆炸repertoiren. I.C (fig.) a whole set of (functions, talents, etc.)全套,全部本领/功能He had a large repertoire of jokes.他会讲很多的笑话。2.C the collection of plays, pieces of music, etc. t

23、hat a performance or theatre group can perform(演员或剧团的)全部节目;保留节目That song is not in my repertoire.我演出的行目中没有这首歌。vocationala. relating to a particular type of job职业上的,业务上的The new company got valuable vocational counseling from the experienced counselors.这家新公司从经验丰富的顾问那里获得了可贵的业务建议0Big companies, such as

24、IBM, spend millions of dollars annually on vocational training for their employees.像!BM这样的大公司每年都花费几百万美元来给雇员进行职业培训。productivea. 1. that produces well or much多产的:丰饶的He is a very productive writer, who wrote a lot of well-known novels.他是一位多产作家,写了大量为人熟知的小说。The talented composer reached his most producti

25、ve years of creation in his twenties.这位华横溢的作曲家在二十几岁时达到创作高峰。2. causing or producing (a result ,value ,etc.)生产的,生产性的Employers get profits from the productive labour of their employees.雇主们从其雇员的生产性劳动中获得利润。flawvt. damage; make imperfect使有瑕疵Its a pity that the scar flawed her skin.很遗憾这块伤疤变成了她皮肤上的缺陷。n. C d

26、amage or imperfection (usu. minor)缺点,瑕疵They tolerate no flaws in their plan because some VIPs will be present in the meeting.他们不允许计划有半点维漏,因为有几位要人要出席会议。adolescentn.&a, (of) a boy or a girl in the period between being a child and being a grown person; a young teenager of about 13-16青少年(的),处于青春期的孩子(的)(

27、约1316岁)innovationh. C, Uthe introduction of sth. new 革新,创新,改革The rise of computers has led to technical innovations in almost every aspect of human life.计算机的兴起导致人类生活方方面面的技术革新。Educational innovations are called for in order to cater for the rapidly changing world.教ff需要革新以适应迅速变化的世界。geneticadj. of or c

28、oncerning genes or genetics遗传的,起源的doomvt. (usu. pass.) cause to unavoidably experience or sufler sth. unpleasant 使遭厄运，注定,判决Any attempt to destroy the friendship between our two nations is doomed to failure.任何破坏我们两国间友谊的企图都注定要失败。i. C, U a terrible fate unavoidable destruction or death厄运,毁灭,死亡Forecasti

29、ng doom is a habit of Mr. Prophet.预测灾难是预言家先生的习惯。go to ones doom 走向毁灭dilemmaj. C a difficult choice to be made between two courses of action 困境,两难境地,进退维谷1 am in a dilemma whether to do math or English. 我左右为难,不知该做数学还是读英语。Ph.D. students who havent completed their dissertations by the time their fellows

30、hips expire face a difficult dilemma: whether to take out loans to support themselves, to try to work part-time at both a job and their research, or to give up on the degree entirely.奖学金到期而尚未完成论文的博士生们面临进退两难的境地:是申办贷 款维持生活,或尝试半半读,还是彻底放弃学位。breakthroughn. C a major advance or discovery (often in a parti

31、cular field); an act of breaking through or overcoming an obstacle or problem 突破,发现Surgeons have made a great breakthrough in kidney transplantation. 外科医生在肾移植方面取得了重大突破。Recent scientific breakthroughs may change peoples life in most radical ways. 最新的科学成就能彻底改变人类生活。offspringn. U a child or children ;th

32、e young of an animal 子孙,后代:幼曽A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, whose genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor.克隆是指来自同一祖先的个或多个后代,其基因构成与其祖先完全相 同。We need to preserve the environment for the benefit of our offspring.为了我们子孙后代的利益我们需要保护环野clonevt. make m

33、ultiple identical copies of克隆,复制imaginativea. using or having imagination富于想像的,有想像力的He described his future wife in the most imaginative way.他以最富有想像力的方式描述了他未来的妻子。Even a most imaginative poet fails to describe the beauty of my homeland. 即使最富于想像的诗人也无法描述我家乡的美丽。range from.tovary within specified limits(

34、在一定幅度或范围内)变动,变化The temperature ranges from 10 to 20 degrees in spring.春天气温在10到20度内变化。There is a big age difference among pub-goers, ranging from 17 to 70.去酒吧的人年龄差异很大,从17岁到70岁不等。with the exception ofexcept; apart from除外,除之外The house is almost perfect, with the exception of its sewage system.除了排水系统外,这

35、房子完美无缺。have access tohave the right to approach, enter, exit, or make use of有接近(或使用)的机会Citizens may have free access to the library.市民可以免费使用图书饵。The school children in the Far West have no access to the Internet.偏远西部的学生没有机会接触互联网.in large measureto a large degree; mostly在很大程度上，多半The problem was in lar

36、ge measure caused by his carelessness.这个问题在很大程度上是由他的粗心造成的。tailor to ones needmake, alter, or adapt for a particular end or purpose使适应特定需要The university oflered a lecture that was tailored to the need of special interest groups.大学提供了次适合特殊兴趣小组需要的讲座。hunt downseek out; search for (and find)找寻,搜寻直至找到hunt

37、 down the escaped convict追捕逃犯draw onextract or take from experiences for ones own use凭借,动用,利用Our ancestors have accumulated rich experiences for us to draw on.我们的祖先枳累了丰富的经验供我们借鉴。in the absence oflacking; for the want of缺乏,没有In the absence of children, the picnic was a bore.没有孩子参加,野餐单调乏味。Sales are al

38、most impossible in the absence of good technical support.没有良好的技术支持,销售几乎不可能有进展。with respect toin relation to; in terms of ;conceming关于,就而言,在方而He never shows any opinions with respect to race.关于种族问题,他从未发表任何见解。The discussion is exhaustive with respect to financial terms.在金融条款方面讨论极其详尽。call fordemand; re

39、quire需要This work calls fbr a lot of patience.这项工作需要很大的耐心。A big fund is called for if the research institution is to survive.研究所要生存就需要一大笔资金。Skip navigation.Unit !新视野大学英语第五册第一课Be Your Own Tailor 课文生词讲解(new words study) hgarmentn. C an article of clothing衣服,服装garment factories服装厂This garment should be

40、washed carefully.这件衣服应该小心洗涤。cripplevt. 1. cause to lose the use of a limb or limbs使残疾She was crippled in the car accident.在次车祸中她的腿残了。2. damage or weaken seriously损坏.削弱The ship was crippled in the storm.船在风暴中受到损坏。n. C one who is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limbs 伤残人He that lives wit

41、h cripples learns to limp.近朱者赤,近墨者黑。tugv. pull hard with force or much eflbrt用拉,拖The child tugged at my hand to make me go with her.这孩子使劲拉着我的手,让我和她起走。limpvi. 1. walk with an uneven step跛行，癇拐地走He limped off,the football field.他糊拐地走出足球场。She seemed to be limping very slightly, something he had failed t

42、o notice when they walked to school together.她似乎梢微仃些病,但在他们起步行去学校时他没有注意到。2. (of a ship, etc.) move or proceed with difficulty(船只等)艰难行进:(业务等)缓慢进行The project limped along with half its previous funding.这个项目得到预定资金的一半,进展很缓慢。Four hours late, the train limped into Waterloo station at midnight.火车迟到了 4个小时,终于

43、在午夜线慢地开进滑铁卢车站.optimismn. Uthe belief that whatever happens will be good ,and that all will be well in the end 乐观主义The top managers are full of optimism towards the sales volume of computers next year.髙级经理们对明年计算机的销量十分乐观。affirmvt. I. declare positively or firmly; maintain to be true断言,坚定地声明,证实正确The wi

44、tness affirmed the facts.证人确认那些是事实。As he affirms early on, people only remember the winners.如他以前所断言的那样,人们只记住胜者。2. support or uphold the validity of支持或维护的正确性The upper court affirmed a judgment of the lower court.上级法院维持下级法院的判决。sacreda. holy; serious,solemn and important in the way religious things are

45、 神圣的,不可侵犯的He considered it a sacred duty to fulfill his dead fathers wishes.他认为实现父亲的遗愿是他神圣的义务。nourishvt. I. provide with food or other substances necessary for life and growth; feed 滋养:喂养Milk nourishes a baby.牛奶滋养着婴儿。Lamb chops were both nourishing and cheap.小羊排既有营养乂便宜。2. foster; sustain or enrich (

46、emotions, etc.)培养:保持,怀有nourish a hope怀有希望nourish feelings of hatred怀恨在心assimilatevt. 1. understand and be able to use properly理解,掌握As a qualified lawyer, he has to assimilate the facts, not just remember them. 作为名称职的律师他应该理解这些事实,而不仅仅是记住它们。2. take (food) into the body and digest it; (of food) be taken

47、 into the body and digested吸收,消化(食物):被消化,被吸收We assimilate some kinds of food more easily than others.有些种类的食物比别的食物更容易吸收。3. (cause to) become part of(使)同化The U.S.A, has assimilated people from many European countries. 美国同化了许多来自欧洲国家的移民。innumerablea. too many to be counted无数的,数不清的an innumerable throng o

48、f people人山人海Being a father of five children, he seems to have innumerable duties to fulfill. 作为5个孩子的父亲,他似乎有尽不完的义务。tempon. 1. C pace步调,行奏the tempo and the feeling of modem life现代生活的节奏和情感2. C the speed at which music is played(音乐的)节拍a quick tempo快拍a slow tempo慢拍pleadvi. I. appeal earnestly; beg恳求,祈求pl

49、ead fbr more time恳求更多的时间2. put forward a plea of a specific nature in court答辩,在法庭上提出特定的申辩He was mad and unfit to plead.他疯了,不适合出庭申辩。nurturevt. I. help grow or develop; cultivate培养,促进成长nurture a students talent培养学生的才能Nurture your mind.发展你的心智。2.give care or foods to养育,培育He is being so carefully nurture

50、d that never yet has he suffered any frustration. 他受到如此精心的养育,至今还从未遭受任何挫折。n. 1. U nourishment营养物2.Uthe process of rearing or bringing up (esp. children)养育,培养The nurture of the two sisters was very different.两姐妹接受过不同的培养。They feel nurture is of greater importance than nature.他们感到后天培养比天性更重要。naivea. havi

51、ng or showing no experience天真的,幼稚的a naive remark幼稚的话a naive girl天真的女孩symposiumn. I.C a meeting or conference at which several speakers discuss a topic 专题研讨会annual symposium年会2. C a collection of articles on a given topic专题论文集an educational symposium教育专题论文集authentica. 1. known to be true or genuine真实

52、的,真正的Is that an authentic painting from Picasso, or a modem copy?那幅画是毕加索的真迹还是现代仿制品?2. trustworthy可靠的,可信的authentic news可靠的消息an authentic account by an eyewitness份目击者的可靠证词proficiencyn. C, U competence; skill水平,精通Through this speech contest, students demonstrated their proficiency inEnglish.通过这次演讲比赛,学生

53、们展示了他们良好的英语水平。He achieved little proficiency in literary accomplishments.他在文学方面成就不多。pathetica. causing a feeling of pity or sorrow 引起怜悯的,令人悲哀的The academic standards in the school were pathetic.这个学校的学术水平低得可怜。tuckvt. put into a desired or convenient position; fold 塞She tucked her scarf into her blouse

54、.她把围巾塞进罩衫内.n. Ca flat fold of material sewn into a garment(衣服的)褶make a tuck in a dress在衣服打个褶murmurvt. make a soft sound, esp. to speak or say in a quiet voice低声说,以柔和低沉的声音说murmur a prayer低声祈祷He murmured his approval.他小声表示赞同。n. C a low, indistinct, continuous sound; an indistinct, whispered, or confid

55、ential complaint低声细语:小声或偷偷的抱怨speak in a murmur轻轻地说go without a murmur亳无怨言地走了handicapn. C a disability or disadvantage残疾:缺陷,不利条件Poor eyesight is a handicap to a student.视不好対学生来说是个障碍。emotional handicap情感障碍V. give or be a disadvantage to (sb.)妨碍Lack of money handicapped him in his business badly.缺少资金使他

56、的企业受到严重影响。decreen. C an official command or decision 命令,法令:判决eccentricn. C one that deviates markedly from an established norm, esp. a person of odd or unconventional behavior古怪的人Taking his umbrella even in sunny days, he is ctmsidered an eccentric.他被认为是个怪人,即使晴天也带把伞。a. (of a person or his/her behavi

57、or) peculiar; unusual; rather strange(人及其行为)古怪的,反常的,怪异的The old lady has some eccentric habits.这个老妇人有些古怪的习惯。indignanta. expressing or feeling great anger愤慨的,愤愤不平的I was indignant because I felt that 1 had been punished unfairly.我非常愤慨,因为我觉得对我的惩罚是不公平的。The indignant passengers beat up the pickpocket.愤怒的乘

58、客把那个扒手痛打了一顿。cooperativea. 1. made, done, or worked on. by people acting together 合作进行的Through a cooperative effort, we completed the project a month early.通过协同努力,我们提前个月完成了这个项目。2.willing to cooperate; helpful合作的，协作的a cooperative patient愿意配合的病人staggerv. 1. move unsteadily on one*s feet蹒姗,摇摇晃晃地走The wou

59、nded man staggered along.受伤的人摇摇晃晃地走去。2. overwhelm with emotion or astonishment使吃惊:压倒at staggering speed以令人吃惊的速度be staggered by the news被这消息吓了一跳3. arrange in alternating or overlapping time periods错开时间,交错安排stagger work shifts错开工作班superintendentn. C a person in charge of some work , building, etc.监督人,

60、负责人a dorm superintendent宿舍管理主任dizzya. 1. having an unpleasant feeling of loss of balance头昏目眩的,头昏眼花的I always feel dizzy when planes take off and land.飞机起飞和降落时我总是感到头鼎目眩.2. causing this feeling令人晕眩的The airplane climbed to a dizzy height.飞机爬到令人眩量的髙度。expendvt. spend or use up (esp. time, energy, etc.)花费,

61、用光(时间、精力等)expend tax revenues on government operations把税收用于政府运行上scramblevi. 1. struggle eagerly or in a disorderly way 争夺,夺取In order to listen to the professors lecture clearly, students scramble fbr the best seats.为了听清教授的讲座,学生们争抢最好的座位。2. move or climb quickly攀登,爬行The children scrambled up the hill.

62、孩子们爬上了那座小山。exilev. expel (a person) from his or her own country; banish流放,放逐The monarch was exiled because of the coup.因为发生政变,国王被流放。n. 1. U enforced removal or self-imposed absence from ones country 流放,放逐go into exile逃亡2. C one who lives away from ones native country, whether because of expulsion or voluntary absence 流亡国外者The artist now lives among other exiles in France.那位艺术家现在同其他流亡的人起住在法国。comply