2023年四级篇章阅读理解含答案

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1、篇章阅读理解专题扫雷训练 Part Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section B Direction: There are 2 passages in this section, each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the co

2、rresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage 1 Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states at least in getting people off welfare. Its estimated th

3、at more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994.In the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens Country have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour. The result: The Athens Country poverty rate still remains

4、at more than 30 percent twice the national average.For advocates(代言人)for the poor, thats an indication much more needs to be done. “More people are getting jobs, but its not making their lives any better,” says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington

5、.A center analysis of US Census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a greater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down.But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support them

6、selves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. “Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin(毒素)that was poisoning the family,” says Robert Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. “The reform is changing the moral climates in low-income communities. Its beginn

7、ing to rebuild the work ethic(道德观), which is much more important.”Mr. Rector and others argued that once “the habit of dependency is cracked,” then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards. 57. From the passage, it can be seen that the author _.A. believes the re

8、form has reduced the governments burdenB. insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poorC. is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reformD. considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful 58. Why arent people enjoying better lives when they have jobs?A. Because many f

9、amilies are divorced.B. Because government aid is now rare.C. Because their wages are low.D. Because the cost of living is rising.59. What is worth noting from the example of Athens County is that _.A. greater efforts should be made to improve peoples living standardsB. 70 percent of the people ther

10、e have been employed for two yearsC. 50 percent of the population no longer relies on welfareD. the living standards of most people are going down 60. From the passage we know that welfare reform aims at _.A. saving welfare fundsB. rebuilding the work ethicC. providing more jobsD. cutting government

11、 expenses 61. According to the passage before the welfare reform was carried out, _.A. the poverty rate was lower B. average living standards were higherC. the average worker was paid higher wagesD. the poor used to rely on government aidPassage 2 Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passag

12、e. Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some break in ones career in order to attend school full time.Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time a

13、nd puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on ones career and family time.Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is

14、 that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method, which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals, which are so necessary in todays world. The time required to study many be set aside at the students convenience with d

15、ue regard to all lifes other requirements. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing

16、 and over the Internet.Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject. This precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the equivalen

17、ce of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor/student relationship is anot

18、her characteristic of a good distance-learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional devel

19、opment, and business growth of the organization. Sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education. 62. According to the passage, which of the fol

20、lowing is NOT a disadvantage of part time education?A. It requires some break in ones career. B. It tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program.C. It affects ones career.D .It gives the student less time to share with the family. 63. Which of the following is NOT an advantage

21、 of distance learning?A. The student may choose his or her own pace.B. The student may study at any time to his or her convenience.C. They can pursue their chosen career while studying.D. Their tutorial assistance comes through regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, etc. 64. What benefit wil

22、l distance learning program bring to a business?A. Recruitment of more talented people.B. Good image of the business.C. Better cooperation with universities.D. Further training of employees and business growth. 65. Good distance learning program have the following characteristic EXCEPT_ .A. distance

23、 learning course is the same as students taking courses in campusB. the result diploma or degree should be same as on campus studyC. professor-student relationship is strictly one to one all through the courseD. includes subject evaluation tool 66. What benefit will distance learning bring to an emp

24、loyee of a business?A. Professional growth.B. Good relationship with the employer.C. Good impression on the employer.D. Higher salary. Passage 3 Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are control

25、led by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.Its easy for computer c

26、rimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But its disturbing to

27、 note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay over

28、time to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide

29、, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would r

30、esult if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the companys executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal de

31、parts with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.57. It can be concluded from the passage that _.A. it is still impossible to detect computer crimes todayB. computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutionsC. computer criminal

32、s can escape punishment because they cant be detectedD. people commit computer crimes at the request of their company 58. It is implied in the third paragraph that _. A. many more computer crimes go undetected than are discoveredB. the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problemC. mos

33、t computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimesD. most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck59. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?A. A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.B. Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential informa

34、tion.C. Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.D. Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.60. The underlying reason for the computer criminals to get recommendations he needs is that_.A. they have skills formidably difficult for others to masterB. the

35、employers are afraid that they would take avenge if punishedC. the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the criminals words in open courtD. those who commit crimes do not mean bad 61. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?A. With b

36、ad reputation they can hardly find another job.B. They will be denied access to confidential records.C. They may walk away and easily find another job.D. They must leave the country or go to jail.Passage 4 Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. “Tearem apart!” “Kill the fool!” “Murde

37、r the referee ( 裁判)!” These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But lets not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way

38、 word affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations（含义）may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words .Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.The dictionary m

39、eaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”; “enemy”; “one who opposes your interests.” Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate ones intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifia

40、ble. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a players request for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered then wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”. In the heat of battle,

41、players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponents international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he

42、 could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior. Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated (提高)the game to the level where it belongs, thereby setting an example to the

43、 rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start. The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”; “friend” ; “companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associa

44、te” rather than “opponent.”62. Which of the following statements best expresses the authors view? A. Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequencesB. The words people use can influence their behaviorC. Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletesD. Unfair judgments by r

45、eferees will lead to violence on the sports field 63. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players _. A. are too eager to winB. are usually short-tempered and easily offendedC. cannot afford to be polite in fierce competitionD. treat their rivals as enemies 64. What did the handball playe

46、r do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?A. He refused to continue the gameB. He angrily hit the referee with a ball C. He claimed that the referee was unfair D. He wet his gloves by across his T-shirt 65. According to the passage, players, in a game, may _.A. deliberately throw

47、the ball at anyone illegally blocking their wayB. keep on screaming and shouting throughout the gameC. lie down on the ground as an act of protestD. kick the ball across the court with force 66. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by _.A. calling on players to use on th

48、e courtB. raising the referees sense of responsibilityC. changing the attitude of players on the sports fieldD. regulating the relationship between players and referees Passage 5 Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Brazil has become one of the developing worlds great successes at r

49、educing population growth but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.Brazils population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 19

50、60 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (

51、通俗电视持续剧) and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the worlds biggest producers of soap operas. Globl, Brazils most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, whi

52、le three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.“Although they have never really tried to work in a misusage towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values not many children, different at

53、titudes towards sex, women working,” says Martine. “They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.” Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers.

54、“This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容旳) with unlimited reproduction”, says Martine.57. According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth_.A. by educating its citizens B. by careful family panningC. by developing TV programmes

55、D. by chance 58. According to the passage, many Third World countries_. A. havent attached much importance to birth controlB. would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rateC. havent yet found an effective measure to control their populationD. neglected the role of TV plays in family planning

56、 59. The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to “_”.A. attributes it to B. sums it up asC. finds it a reason for D. compares it to 60. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazils birth rate because_. A. they keep people sitting long hours watching TVB. they have graduall

57、y changed peoples way of lifeC. people are drawn to packageD. they popularize birth control measures 61. What is Martines conclusion about Brazils population growth? A. The increase in birth rate will promote consumption.B. The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.C. Consumption pattern

58、s and reproduction patterns are contradictory.D. A countrys production is limited by its population growth. Passage 6 Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure Americas energy future ? President

59、Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWRs oil would help ease Californias electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the countrys energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in

60、 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lo

61、bbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall(意外之财)in tax revenues, royalties(开采权使用费)and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates

62、 of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. “Weve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.” says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources D

63、efense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease Americas energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could

64、begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWRs impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden States electricity output and just 3% of the nations. 62. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?A. It will exhaust the nations oil reserves.B. It will help secure the future of ANWR.C. It will help reduce the nations oil importsD. It will increa