英语的反意疑问句的特殊形式

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1、英语的反意疑问句的特殊形式反意疑问句有两部分构成：陈述句+简短问句。其结构有两种：肯定陈述句+否定简短问句; 否定陈述句+肯定简短问句（即我们平时所说的“前肯后否，前否后肯”）。本文拟谈谈反意疑问句的特殊形式：一、祈使句后的反意疑问句：祈使句后加一个反意疑问句，使祈使句变得更加委婉。肯定祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you, wont you, would you, can you, cant you等来表达不同的含义。在否定的祈使句后的反意疑问句通常只用will you。1、表示“请求”，肯定祈使句的反意疑问句用will you。如： Give me a hand, will you?

2、Pass me a book, will you?2、表示“邀请”、“劝诱”时，肯定祈使句后的反意疑问句用wont you。如：Have another cup of tea, wont you?3、表示“催促”、“不耐烦”时，肯定祈使句后的反意疑问句用cant you。如：Stop talking, cant you?4、用“Lets”开头的肯定祈使句表示“提议、建议、主张”，其后的反意疑问句用shall we。如： Lets have a try, shall we?【注意】但是以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句后的反意疑问句则要用will you。如：Let us go now,

3、will you?5、否定祈使句的反意疑问句只用will you。如：Dont take away my dictionary, will you?【注意】以Lets not开头的祈使句后的反意疑问句用all right或OK。如：Lets not go fishing, all right? Lets not talk about it any more, OK?二、复合句的反意疑问：复合句的反意疑问句的主、谓语要视其主要内容而定。1、多数复合句后的反意疑问句的主、谓语同主句的主、谓语相一致。如：He said he was a teacher, didnt he? John thinks

4、the rain is ending, doesnt he?2、主句是I / We think(suppose, consider, believe, guess, expect, imagine, feel, am afraid, hear, say等) +宾语从句时，反意疑问句的主、谓语应与宾语从句的主、谓语相一致。如：I dont think he will come, will he? I heard that he was very honest, wasnt he? 3、当陈述部分是Im sure that, we are sure，Im afraid that，We are su

5、re that，I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。 We are sure that you will succeed in passing the exam, wont you?Im afraid that John cant go now, can he?4、并列复合句的反意疑问句的主、谓语应与相近的分句的主、谓语相一致。如：John isnt a hard-working student, for he has been late for three times, hasnt he?we must start at once or we

6、 cant get there on time, can we?He is a teacher but his wife isnt a teacher, is she?5、陈述部分是I wish， 表示询问或征求意见，反义疑问句用may I。I wish to have a word with you, may I?三、含有情态动词或助动词的反意疑问句：1、 当陈述部分含有情态动词must，其意义表示“必须、必要”时，其后的反意疑问句用mustnt或neednt。如：You must do it today, mustnt you? She must look after her sister

7、, neednt she?【注意】如果must的含义表示“一定是、想必”等推测意义时，其后的反意疑问句则要依据句中的谓语动词的时态结构采用be / have / did / do + not等相应形式。如：He must be ill, isnt he? You must have seen the film before, havent you?2、如果陈述部分用了must have + P.P.(过去分词)，但明示或暗示了过去的时间，其反意疑问句用过去时。如：He must have seen him yesterday, didnt he?【注意】若句中有表示过去完成时的时间状语，问句部

8、分应用hadnt.如: They must have learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term, hadnt they? (本题中must表推测，如果将它去掉，还原为真实句就是They had learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term. 因此，反意问句是hadnt) 3、陈述部分含情态动词ought to，其后反意疑问句用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。如：I ought to come here, oughtnt / shouldnt I? 4、陈述部分含情态动词used

9、 to，其后反意疑问句用usednt或didnt均可。如：Tom used to live here, usednt he? They used to work in the shop, didnt they?5、陈述部分含有have / has / had to时，其后的反意疑问句用do的相应形式。如：You have to go, dont you? He has to stay in bed all day, doesnt he?I had to keep it well, didnt I?6、陈述部分有had better / would rather时，其后的反意疑问句用hadnt

10、/ wouldnt。如：Youd better not stay here, had you? They would rather take this one, wouldnt they? 7、带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。 We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 【注意】当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do / did / does + 主语。 She doesnt dare to go home alone, does

11、she?You dont need to finish the work, do you?8、有些反意问句两部分之间实际上并无反意关系，陈述或疑问同是肯定的，或同是否定的。这种句型有时是重复对方的话，然后附以问句，有时甚至带有威吓、讥讽、轻蔑的口气。其构成方式为：肯定（否定）式+肯定（否定）式。如： -You must go away.-Oh, I must , must I ? You cant climb up the tall tree , cant you ?有些句型只是为了强调一下新得到的情况、信息，并不含有感情色彩。在这种句型里，可以对陈述部分进行猜测，然后提问这一猜测是否正确。如

12、： He is the best student in your class, is he ? This is the last train, is it ?四、陈述句主语是某些不定代词的反意疑问句：1、陈述句部分主语是everything, something, anything, nothing时，其后的反意疑问句主语用it。如：Everything seems all right, doesnt it? Nothing is in the box, is it?2、陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, no one

13、, none, either, some one时，其后的反意疑问句用主语通常用he或they。如：Everybody has got the new books, havent they?Anyone can do that, cant they? No one is interested in that, are they?Someone opened the door, didnt he / they?3、陈述部分主语是不定代词one时，反意疑问句的主语用one，也可用you(美式英语用he)。如：One cant be always careful, can one / he?五、含有

14、否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句：1、陈述部分含有no, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, few, little等否定或半否定意义的词时，都视为否定，故反意疑问句部分用肯定形式。如：Few people knew the answer, did they? Little Fran hardly says such words, does he?2、如果陈述部分的否定意义只是由单词加否定前缀或者后缀构成时，其后的反意疑问句一般要用否定形式。如：He is unhappy, isnt he?The patient isnt hopeless, is he?六、陈述部分的主

15、语是指示代词的反意疑问句：1、陈述部分主语是指示代词this, that时，其后的反意疑问句用主语it。如：This is important, isnt it?2、陈述部分主语是指示代词these, those时，其后的反意疑问句用主语they。如：Those are mine, arent they?七、反意疑问句的其他特殊形式：1、陈述部分是“Im”结构时，其后的反意疑问句用arent I？当陈述部分的谓语动词为am not时，反义疑问句的谓语仍用am。例如：I am five years younger than you, arent I? 我比你小五岁，不是吗？I am not la

16、te, am I? 我没有迟到，对吗？2、陈述部分是there be或there live, there stand, there used to be等时，反意疑问句用主语there。如：There is something wrong with your bike, isnt there?There lived a king here many years ago, didnt there?3、陈述部分的主语是动词不定式、动名词短语或从句时，反意疑问句用主语it。如：Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes, isnt it?What the te

17、acher said is true, isnt it?4、感叹句后的反意疑问句，动词用be的现在时形式，主语根据具体内容而定。如：What a clever girl, isnt she? How beautiful the flowers are, arent they?5、陈述部分由neither. nor, either. or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。主语应该用两个主语的相应复数we , you , they等。如： Neither you nor he is good at English , are you ? Neither Tom nor Mary

18、can swim , can they ? Neither my sister nor I am a worker , are we ? Either he nor Mary is from Beijing, arent they? 巩固练习( )1. I dont think that the necklace is made of diamond,_? A. do I B. do you C. isnt it D. is it ( )2. His wife had the carpets and the curtains cleaned,_? A. hadnt B. had C. didn

19、t she D. did she ( )3. Its my sons wedding next week, and I have to do my best for that, _? A. havent I B. dont I C. dont he D. isnt it ( )4. Harry wouldnt become a teacher if it hadnt been for the holiday, _? A. would he B. had it C. would it D. had he ( )5. No one left here yesterday,_? A. didnt t

20、hey B. did they C. didnt one D. did one ( )6. Birds rarely build nests in our garden,_? A. dont they B. do they C. didnt they D. did they ( )7. You must have been to the Great Wall,_? A. mustnt you B. havent you C. arent you D. must you ( )8. learning how to repair motors takes a long time,_? A. doe

21、snt it B. dont they C. does it D. do they ( )9. They must have stayed at home last night,_? A. mustnt they B. havent they C. didnt they D. must they ( )10. I feel like going to the cinema tonight,_? A. dont I B. dont you C. do I D. do you ( )11. Lets start out early tomorrow morning,_? A. shall we B

22、. will you C. do you D. cant you ( )12. Theres not much news in todays newspaper,_? A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt thereD. is there ( )13. They need our help badly at the moment,_? A. neednt theyB. need they C. dont they D. do they ( )14. She is unfit for the position,_? A. is she B. isnt she C. doesnt

23、 she D. does she ( )15. I wish to visit America,_? A. dont IB. can I C. may I D. may you ( )16. Shes been a worker here for many years,_? A. isnt she B. is she C. hasnt she D. has she ( )17. What beautiful flowers,_? A. arent they B. are they C. isnt it D. is it ( )18. Mother used to live in a poor

24、village,_? A. used she B. usednt she C. didnt he D. did he ( )19. Youd better go at once,_? A. wouldnt youB. had you C. hadnt you D. should you ( )20. I am very interested in Mark Twains novels,_? A. arent I B. am not I C. arent you D. are you ( ) 21. Neither you nor I have done such silly things, _? A. have we B. have I C. have you D. havent theyKeys:1-5 DCBAB6-10 BBACD11-15 ADCBC16-21 CABCAA