环境统计

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1、*大学20102011学年度第二学期期未考试试卷课程名称： 环境统计学 类 型： 考查 形 式： 机考 学生所在院院系： 班班 级级： 试试 卷： A 姓名李琼琼题号一二三四五总分学号08144441111得分(一共5题题，每题题满分220分)一、 对我国中部部3个省省以乡镇镇为抽样样单位进进行空气气质量调调查，空空气质量量划分为为优、良良、中、差差4个等等级，结结果如表表1所示示。试问问3个省省空气质量差异是是否显著著？表1 空空气质量量调查结结果地区优良中差甲10106010乙1052010丙55236解：方法：将优、良良、中、差差当作重重复，进进行方差差分析，用用SPSSS完成成。具体步

2、骤如如下：分析比较较均值单因素素方差分分析（勾勾上描述述性、方方差同质质性检验验）结果：方差差齐性检检验P=0.00640.005 所所以这33个省空空气质量差异不不显著。二、贵州省省19993-220011环境统统计公报报部分数数据如下下表2所所示，试试分析AA（19993-19995）、BB（19996-19998）及及C（119999-20001）这这三个33年间各各项指标标差异是是否显著著。表2 贵州州省19993-20001环境境统计公公报部分分数据年份工业废水排排放量（亿亿吨）工业废水排排放达标标量（万万吨）工业废气排排放量（亿亿标立米米）工业固体废废物产生生量（万万吨）全省环保机

3、机构数环保系统人人员（人人）19932.58103200238712124133119942.77128388246112494334019952.82112811258713013933519962.62102188206610855062119972.92114766313414076467919983.119087334536978175419992.577652384329259379620002.069769387922728573820012.081211663825236782767解：对各指指标各年年间进行行方差分分析：（1）工业业废水排排放量（亿吨）平方和df均方F显著性组间

4、0.681120.346.3611*0.0333组内0.321160.0533总数1.002280.0512Newmaan3.0032.236671.0032.723332.0032.88333显著性1.0000.429Duncaana3.0032.236671.0032.723332.0032.88333显著性1.0000.429由左表可知知 ：00.011Pdd | G=gg)P(G=gg | D=dd)到质心的平平方 MMahaalannobiis 距距离pdf110.1677111.9122110.47110.5211110.4244110.6388110.5255110.403311

5、0.8322110.0455110.1722111.87110.9122110.0122110.1933111.6922110.3099111.0333110.78110.0788220.3533110.8644220.78110.0788220.4155110.6644220.1477112.0999220.1155112.4799220.65110.2066220.9399110.0066220.7144110.1344220.4222110.6466220.1066112.6199未分组的10.0333114.5499未分组的20.9099110.0133由上表可知知，Y11 属于于湖泊

6、GG1，Y2属于湖湖泊G22五、某地区区22个个样地AA层土壤壤重金属属含量测测定结果果见表55。试对对各样地地的7种种重金属属元素进进行因子子分析。表5土壤重重金属测测定结果果 单单位：mmg/kkm序号CdCrCuNiPbHgAs10.221189.52242.66632.63345.5000.530010.90020.462257.21146.49925.42227.3550.05227.8230.132273.28831.40034.38832.9880.370011.47740.109957.88825.70025.82231.1110.11447.5450.078844.57736

7、.60022.06622.6550.13777.3960.129963.34422.63326.83323.8550.03336.9070.132274.83318.57731.71132.5440.13779.0880.170073.32255.27741.84427.4550.746610.46690.202286.26663.34451.04433.4220.304410.700100.119968.62212.45525.79928.2330.05667.07110.063335.39913.58816.17718.2990.167712.155120.142268.11129.188

8、33.33328.9660.072210.677130.134485.39926.60037.90040.0440.29006.60140.051124.61110.69913.80017.6550.18448.49150.038842.2335.5110.20011.2440.03665.08160.121149.73337.14432.78821.4110.57995.62170.047726.9338.7910.64415.7110.029910.499180.065560.17713.86618.84421.0440.091110.077190.065535.84411.64417.2

9、3321.3770.05558.50200.044434.19915.69912.9779.800.03119.86210.055530.1999.9613.42213.0330.046610.099220.058827.78810.99915.65514.1990.034413.088解：用SPPSS对对各样地地的7种种重金属属元素进进行因子子分析，结结果如下下：（1）解释释的总方方差：初始特征值值提取平方和和载入旋转平方和和载入合计方差的 %累积 %合计方差的 %累积 %合计方差的 %累积 %14.222260.300860.30084.222260.300860.30082.495535

10、.644235.644221.044414.911975.22271.044414.911975.22271.653323.600859.25513.73910.566285.7889.73910.566285.78891.478821.111780.36674.6278.962294.7551.6278.962294.75511.007714.388394.75515.2343.337798.08876.0841.200099.28877.050.713100.0000由碎石图和和解释的的总方差差得：提提取4个个主成分分。成份1234Cr.912.255.242-.0511Pb.906.20

11、2.253.010Ni.728.531.314.024Hg.277.927.055.034Cu.376.631.624.055Cd.307.073.929-.0444As-.0155.038-.0200.999（2）主成成分模型型如下：F1=0.9122x10.9066x20.7288x30.2777x40.3766x50.3077x60.0155x7F2=0.2555x1 0.2022x20.5311x30.9277x4+0.6311x50.0733x60.0388x7F3=0.2422x10.2533x20.3144x30.0555x40.6244x50.9299x60.0200x7F4=

12、00.0551x11 00.0110x220.0244x30.0344x4+0.0555x50.0444x60.9999x7其中，x11 Cdd xx2Cr xx3 Cuu xx4Ni x55 Pbb xx6Hg xx7As从主模型可可以看出出：第一个主成成分主要要表达xx1 x2二个变量量第二个主成成分主要要表达xx3 x4 x5 二个变变量第三个主成成分主要要表达xx6一个变变量第四个主成成分主要要表达xx7一个变变量（3）计算算主成分分值 根据主成成分模型型，根据据各样本本的各变变量的标标准化值值，计算算各样本本各主成成分值和和综合值值，然后后对样本本进行排排序。结结果如下下：样地F1F

13、2F3F4Ft10.760.70990.40771.04110.739990.52330.941.28111.00550.71998-0.07762.83770.38990.64330.502230.45440.5244-0.3331.37220.4644130.9144-0.0227-0.6999-1.44460.3633120.4177-0.61160.261.00110.292270.6455-0.7002-0.42240.02880.25662-0.3339-0.97774.7122-0.63360.095540.2855-0.4007-0.1995-0.84480.0155100.4

14、611-0.9885-0.4773-1.1558-0.0224180.1022-0.5888-0.7880.5599-0.066260.1899-0.67760.1299-1.2448-0.099016-0.41172.2733-0.1115-2.1886-0.122711-0.3661-0.0667-0.5551.7711-0.13345-0.25560.33440.1-0.9662-0.199022-0.4887-0.5116-0.32282.3555-0.200519-0.2-0.5337-0.5448-0.3119-0.300317-0.4991-0.5882-0.52270.8311-0.388421-0.5331-0.4006-0.42260.5733-0.399520-0.6008-0.2555-0.32290.4288-0.422314-0.54470.1755-0.6991-0.3889-0.433415-0.4337-0.4553-0.8664-2.4116-0.6774由上表可知知：第115个样样地A层层土壤重重金属含含量最低低，第11个样地地含量最最高。