2023年英语六级真题和详细答案第二套

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1、6月英语六级真题第二套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time inthe virtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to writ

2、e at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.The robotics revol

3、ution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear-man-made creations as smart and capable as we are without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally_(27). Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers?

4、The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The _(28)of computational power and engineering advances will _(29)enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled,_(30)use of drive

5、rless cars that may reduce drunk and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are _(31)to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器)operator will _(32)someones privacy. A robotic lawn mower(割草机)will run over

6、 a neighbors cat. Juries sympathetic to the _(33)of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing _(34)and damages What should government do to protect people while _(35), space for innovation?Big. complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be bu

7、ilt _(36)and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturers driving record. not the passengers.A.arisesB.ascendsC.boundD.combinati

8、onE.definiteF.eventuallyG.interfereH.invadeI.manifestingJ.penaltiesK.preservingL.programmedM.proximatelyN.victimsO.widespreadSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. I

9、dentify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Reform and Medical CostsAAmerican are deeply concerned about the relentless rise

10、in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer is that no once has an easy fix rising medical costs. The fundamental fixreshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal systemis likely to be a ac

11、hieved only through trial and incremental(渐进旳)gains.BThe good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term. As report in The New England Journ

12、al of Medicine concluded. Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy Iiterature these days is contained in these measures.CMedical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services

13、 in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than patient really needs.DHere are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problem, and why it is hard to know ho

14、w well they will work.EBoth bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospital, nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This prop

15、osal could save Medicare more than $100 billion over the next decade. If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficie

16、nt provider off the hook(放过). That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong pay-go rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budge cuts.FThe Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税)on health insurance plans that cost more than

17、$8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely cause Insures to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshould. Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redunda

18、nt test was worth it. Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages, The House bill has no similar tax. The final legislation should.GAny doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients who have tried to understand

19、 their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money. When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars

20、 over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law.HThe stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted .This requires open investments to help doctors convert. In time it should hel

21、p restrain costs by eliminating redundant test, preventing drug inter actions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.IVirtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service systemdoctors are rewarded for that the cost of care is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept

22、 fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patients needs over a year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patients needs wit

23、h an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly. For the most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.JTesting innovations do no goo

24、d unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones arc dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicares payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work. The changes would have to be

25、approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.KThe bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public opti

26、on. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare. To get access to millions of new customers, insures would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perha

27、ps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.LThe final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save much money. The one in the House bill would h

28、ave to negotiate rates with providers, rather than using Medicare rates, as many reformers wanted.MThe presidents stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate(前列腺)cancer? Is the latest and m

29、ost expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.NCritics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care. (That would be true only if you believe that patients should have an

30、 unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not requires, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.OCongress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superio

31、r. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.PThe House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in

32、 Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. It does in other countries.Q Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpractice awards do d

33、rive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence doctors engage in defensive medicine by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.36.With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers

34、 will likely transfer money from health expenses into wages.37.Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influence lawmakers.38.It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.49.Standardization of forms for automatic processing wil

35、l save a lot of medical40.Republicans and insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan.41.Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions.42.The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tes

36、ts and treatments have driven up medical expenses.43.One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect.44.Contrary to analysts doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.45.Fair competitio

37、n might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.Section CPassage OneQuestions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developing countries are using raw sewage(下水道污水)to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres

38、 of cropland, according to a new report-and it may not be a bed thing.While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food.There is a large potential for wastewater agricu

39、lture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban consumers, said Liqa Raschid-Sally, who led the study.The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes. Unlike develop

40、ed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers.(下水道)When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing XX, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed. Nearly 2.2 million people die a ye

41、ar because of diarrhea-related(与腹泻有关旳)diseases, according to WHO statistics. XXX than 80% of those cases can be attributed to contant with contaminated water and a lack of XXX anitation. But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated hum

42、an waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he said, while the free water and nutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape poverty.Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for n

43、early 70% of global fresh water consumption.In poor, dry regions, untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep farmers in business. In some cases, water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers.Irrigation is the primary agricultural us

44、e of human waste in the developing world. But frequently untreated human waste is used on grain crops, which are eventually cooked, minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases. With fertilizer prices jumping nearly 50% per metric ton over the last year in some places, human waste is an

45、attractive, and often necessary, alternative.In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer us can be avoided. The mud contains the same critical nutrients.Overly strict standards often fail, James Bartram, a WHO water-health expert, said. We need to accept that fact across much of

46、 the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason.46.What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?A.Its risks cannot be overestimated. B.It should be forbidden altogether. C.Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved. D.It is polluting

47、millions of acres of cropland.47.What is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation? A.Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated. B.It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business. C.Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria. D.It

48、 will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.48.What is environmental scientist Pay Drechsels attitude towards the use of untreated human waste in agriculture? A.Favorable. B.Indifferent. C.Skeptical. D.Responsible.49.What does Pay Dreschsel think of the risks involved in using untreat

49、ed human waste for farming? A.They have been somewhat exaggerated. B.They can be dealt with through education. C.They will be minimized with new technology. D.They can be addressed by improved sanitation.50.What do we learn about James Bartrams position on the use of human waste for farming? A.He ec

50、hoes Pay Drechsels opinion on the issue. B.He chaltenges Liqa Raschid-Sallys conclusion C.He thinks it the only way out of the current food erisis. D.He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.Passage TwoThese days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and

51、microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs. Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house, what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.The money spent on kitchens has risen with t

52、heir status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion, five times the countrys film industry. In the year to August , IKEA, a Swedish furniture chain, sold over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a major kitchen overhaul in , calculates Remodeling magazing, was a s

53、taggering $54,000, even a minor improvement cost on average $18,000.Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson&Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style one which would cost 145,000-155,000excluding building, plum

54、bing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it :You wont see this kitchen anywhere else in the word.The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants for the modem family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th centur

55、y, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.But as the working classes prospered and the se

56、rvant shortage set in, housekeeping became a natter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American humans Home、published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a

57、scientific approach to use hold management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a womans work and promote order. Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Chris Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work, House-Engin

58、eering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a wifes daily routine. She borrowed the Principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied mestic tasks on the kitchen floor.Fredericks central idea, that stove,sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relat

59、ion that useless steps are avoided entirely. Inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Mangarete Schutter. Libotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of todays kitchen.51.What does the author say about the kitchen of today? A.It is where h

60、ousewives display their cooking skills. B.It is where the family entertains important guests. C.It has become something odd in a modern house. D.It is regarded as the center of a modern home.52.Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price? A.It is believed to have tremendous artisti

61、c value. B.No duplicate is to be found in any other place. C.It is manufactured by a famous British company. D.No other manufacturer can produce anything like it. 53.What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect? A.Improved living conditions. B.Technological progress. C.Womens elevated s

62、tatus. D.Social change. 54.What was the Beecher sisters idea of a kichen? A.A place where women could work more efficiently. B.A place where high technology could be applied. C.A place of interest to the educated people. D.A place to experiment with new ideas.55.What do we learn about todays kitchen

63、?A. It represents the rapid technological advance in peoples daily life. B.Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s. C.It has been transformed beyond recognition. D.Many of its functions have changed greatly. Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you

64、are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.深圳是中国广东省一座新开发旳都市。在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一种渔村，仅有三万多人。20世纪80年代，中国政府创立了深圳经济特区，作为实行社会主义市场经济旳试验田。如今，深圳旳人口已超过1,000万，整个都市发生了巨大旳变化。 到，深圳旳人均（per-capita）GDP已达25,000美元，相称于世界上某些发达国家旳水平。就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶

65、尖都市之列。由于其独特旳地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业旳理想之地。参照答案参照范文：We have to admit that the impact of technology on society is unquestionable. Whether considering the TV or the computers, technology has had a hugeimpact on society. While not every advance has been beneficial,there have been many positive effects of technology. The internet is one typical example.With the development of science and technology, th