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1、Idiolect Ethnic dialect Definition： Idiolect is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. Example Local humor Shanghainese Haipai Qingkou satirical An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language that cuts across re
2、gional differences; it is mainly spoken by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation such as racial discrimination or segregation. For example, black English, the kind of English spoken mostly by a large section of non-middle-class American Blacks. The character
3、astics of Black English Pronunciation and Intonation Syntax and Grammar Spelling 1.NO / r / 2.NO / l / e.g coal, goal / kou/， /gou/ 3. Lenition 辅 音弱化 / b/, /d/, /g/ /p/, /t/, /k/ e.g led & let 4. /, / e / are always transformed. / / t / e.g think / tink / / f / e.g mouth / mauf / / e / / d / e.g the
4、y / dei / with / wid / 5.Sometimes / i /, / e / are the same. E.g pin & pen 6. The simplification of the consonant affix 辅 音 连缀 的 简 化 e.g passed，past pass mend，meant men 7. The change of stress e.g police police 8. Intonation 与 标 准美 语 相比 ,在相似的情景中 ,黑人英 语语调变 化比白人大 , 经 常使用高 调 甚至假声是黑人英 语 的一个特征 After vow
5、el e.g hard & had Between vowels e.g parise & pass 1. Omit “be” e.g He too tall for me. / My momma in hospital. 2. “Be” tells time e.g if someone says“The coffee cold”, it means “Today the coffee is cold”, but if he want to tells us “Everyday the coffee is cold”, then he should say “The coffee be co
6、ld”. 3. Negation 1) 3 forms of negation : aint, dont, ditn 2) Two noes dont make a yes. you cant do nothing for him. = you can do nothing for him. 在双重否定中，主 语 否定 词 与 时态 否定 词 常常倒装，表示否定的助 动词 可置句首，称之 为 否定倒装 。 （inverting negative） Cant nobody do nothing about it. 4. Omit “s” 1) The third-person singular
7、e.g he go./ it rain. 2) The plural forms of nouns e.g two book 3) Nouns of the Possessive Case e.g my father house my fathers house 5.“ Its a.” insteads of “There is a.” e.g Its four boy and two girl in the family. 1. “Er” can be replaced by “a” e.g player playa 2. “Ks”cks” can be replaced by “x” e.
8、g thanks thanx 3. The special use of “O” e.g love luv nothing nuthin 4.”s” can be replaced by“z” e.g easy ez 5. going gonna, want to wanna out of outta, kind of kinda 6. “Ing” becomes “in” coming comin African Slave Trade Unfair education The policy of racial discrimination Interference of mother to
9、ngue . . Cant believe I hadda girl like you 不敢相信我会拥有你这样的女孩 And I just let you walk right outta my life 而我居然让你离开我的生命 After all I put u thru u still stuck 我这样对你但你仍如此坚持 Around and stayed by my side 陪伴著我为我停留 What really hurt me is I broke ur heart, baby 但真正伤我的是我让你心碎，宝贝 You were a good girl and I had no right 你是个好女孩但我却没资格拥有你 I Really wanna make things right 我好希望这一切都没发生过 Cuz, without u in my life girl 没你在我的生命里 Hadda-had a outta-out of u-you thru-through ur-your wanna-want to, cuz-cause
Ethnicdialect黑人语言的特点.ppt
