动物福利的群体评估与管理课件

《动物福利的群体评估与管理课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《动物福利的群体评估与管理课件（18页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、Group assessment and management of welfare動物福利的群體評估與管理動物福利的群體評估與管理Learning objectives 學習目標 To understand the principles of welfare assessment at group level 了解群體福利之評估原則 To identify different methods for assessment 確認不同的評估方法 To recognise applications for welfare assessment at group level 認識動物福利群體評估的應

2、用 To understand management of health and welfare in group systems 了解群體系統衛生與福利的管理Summary of content 摘要 Principles of welfare assessment 原則 Methods 方法 Applications 應用 Research 研究 Voluntary Certification Schemes 非營利組織認證系統 Legislation 立法 Advisory Tool-Preventive Medicine建議工具-預防醫學 Management of health an

3、d welfare衛生福利管理 Herd health plans 群體衛生計畫Introduction 介紹Assessment of individual animal 動物的個體評估使用下列參數：For example,assessment of comb colour,feather-score,beak 雞冠色澤,羽毛評估,喙How do you assess thousands?你要如何評估上千隻動物？行為,生理,免疫,病理學等之流行病學研究。Epidemiological studies on:Behavior,physiology,immunology,pathology,et

4、cPrinciples of welfare assessment on group level 群體動物福利評估的原則 Which groups of animals?什麼樣的動物群體 e.g.farms,laboratory animals,animals in shelters,wildlife 例如:農場,實驗動物,收容所動物,Requirements for welfare indicators動物福利指標的需要 Practicability:e.g.time constraints,expenses,handling of animals 實際性：如保定時間,成本,動物操作等。Re

5、liability:Amount of random error,including:統計誤差,包括 Repeatability:Agreement between observers and between different observations of the same observer 重覆性:同一評審對不同測試項目之觀察結果,以及不同評審之一致同意.Validity:Meaningfulness of the parameter 有效性:有意義的參數Epidemiological approach 流行病學 Selecting a representative cross sect

6、ion of groups of animals(e.g.from all dairy units of an area)從不同動物群體中橫切選擇有代表性的抽樣(如同一地區之不同乳牛群)Random selection of animals of a group 同一群體中之動物做亂數抽樣 Assessment of severity and duration of a problem and numbers of animals affected i.e.Prevalence and Incidence 評估受影響動物之嚴重性(S)；持續性(D)；數量(N)。即：盛行率與發生率Animal-

7、based measures 以動物為基礎做評估以動物為基礎做評估e.g.:動物福利的間接與成果動物福利的間接與成果ENVIRONMENT環境e.g.housing/diet房舍房舍/食物食物STOCKMAN技師e.g.training訓練訓練ANIMAL動物e.g.breeding育種育種Inputs(indirect parameters)間接(間接參數)Lameness 跛足跛足Hock lesions飛節炎飛節炎Body lesions/condition身體外觀身體外觀Outputs(direct parameters)成果(直接參數)Methods 方法 Input assessm

8、ent 間接評估 Measurements of housing 房舍測量 Provision of food and water食物飲水提供 Qualification of stockperson工作人員能力 Medicine records 醫療記錄 Output assessment 直接評估 Assessment of live animal 活動物的評估 Assessment of dead animal(abattoir,post mortems)死動物評估(屠宰場,死後屠體等評估)Can we describe welfare with one score?是否可以用一種標準測

9、量A variety of parameters are assessed:各種評估參數 Can they be summarised to one score?是否可以簡化到只用一種標準做指標 Are some more important than others?是否某些參數較重要 What is a normal level?何謂正常水準？Applications 應用 The applications of welfare at a group level are many and of increasing importance from a global perspective.目

10、前全世界動物群體福利的應用逐漸重要 Research 研究 Health and welfare monitoring 衛生與福利監測 Impact assessment of interventions干擾衝擊評估 Voluntary Certification Schemes NGO主辦之認證制度 Legislation 立法 Advisory-Preventive medicine勸導-預防醫學Research examples 研究範例Monitoring 監測下列各項評估 Assess range in normal groups正常群體評估項目 Assess husbandry s

11、ystems 農場系統評估 Assess individual resources(risk factors)個體資源(風險因子)評估 Assess certification schemes NGO認證系統評估 Assess influence of new legislation新法規效力 Assess impact of projects 策略衝擊評估Assess range in normal farms 正常乳牛場生理值衛生與生產A區B區C區D區E區營養每年平均牛奶產量農民估計公升10500830082007789765271187000650063134275瘦削牛現場觀察%05.

12、66.311.113.321.421.731.333.361.1肥胖牛現場觀察%0000001.455.127.6瘤胃膨脹現場觀察%002.66.56.716.717.524.12546.7瘤胃中空現場觀察%06.37.413.814.32020.831.332.182.4乳熱病例數農民估計/100牛/年0000001.11.11.330.6其他疾病農民估計/100牛/年02.73.04.44.76.97.39.510.319.1生產懷孕率至第一次懷孕農民估計%80686660595655494728輔助小牛病例數農民估計/100牛/年00000.91.11.14.84.940乳房炎病例數病例

13、記錄/100牛/年0911.520.721.334.540.846.246.812.0病例數農民估計/100牛/年2.813.314.818.92032.733.046.746.889.1跛足跛足牛數現場觀察%013.613.81819.523.523.629.629.850跛足病例數病例記錄/100牛/年00002.24.14.311.011.542.3跛足病例數農民估計/100牛/年3.28.79.214.714.920.721.334.834.954.4蹄未修剪現場觀察%011.812.52526.734.43546.246.476.5蹄形怪異現場觀察%00003.37.17.416.7

14、17.937.5非特異性疾病/死亡率遲鈍/明顯的疾病現場觀察%00002.23.33.66.36.720突死/意外農民估計/100牛/年01.01.11.71.82.83.14.14.315.6Assess husbandry systems農場評估Group housing systems for pregnant sows 群體懷孕豬舍 5.3%lame跛足 8.3%overgrown claws 趾過長 18.2%calluses長老繭Individual housing systems for pregnant sows(Leeb et al,2002)個別懷孕母豬舍 2.4%lame

15、 跛足 21.4%overgrown claws 趾過長 41.7%calluses 長老繭Impact assessment of interventions 干涉效果干涉效果的評估For example:舉例 Vaccination campaigns 疫苗注射活動 Owner education and training 飼主之教育訓練 Before and after intervention 干渉前後之差別 Locations with and without intervention 著力點Example:Health monitoring 衛生監測 Current policy

16、當前政策 Normal treatment and prevention protocol 正常防治計畫 Records 記錄-疾病發生 Disease incidence Review 檢視水準 Target levels目標水準 Intervention levels干涉水準 Action plan 計劃做法 Amend protocols 附加做法Health and welfare monitoring衛生與福利監測Also applicable for wild animals 野生動物應用 Assessment of inputs 設備評估(design criteria)For

17、example,availability of adequate grazing,access to water 例如,是否有適當牧區,牧區內之飲水等 Assessments of outputs 直接評估(performance criteria)For example,body condition score,number of young animals,flight distance 舉例:體態評分,幼畜數目,逃跑距離Physiological parameters-in faeces生理參數-糞皮質醇Voluntary/certification examplesNGO認證舉例 Fa

18、rm assurance schemes 農場保險-通常是市場導向主要考慮食品安全 Usually market led and often prime concern is food safety Holland-IBK all farms,Free range system荷蘭-IBK所有農場,放牧系統 UK-Red Tractor Mark scheme,Freedom Foods 英國認證標籤 USA-Free Farmed Certification Program 美國認證標籤 Austria-“Tierschutzgeprueft”use ANI for laying hens分

19、析法 EUREPGAP International Euro-Retailer Produce Working Group(EUREP);global certification of Good Agricultural Practices(GAP).Organic certification systems 有機認證系統 Voluntary membership but some EU legislative requirements(EU reg.1804/1999)歐盟有機立法 Subsidy requirements 補貼需求 Voluntary system,can choose t

20、o join or not 可自由選擇加入Legislation examples立法舉例 EU legislation 98/58/EC 歐盟立法 98/58/EC Primarily resource-based standards 基本資源標準 However,some can be assessed by observing the animal 然而，有些情況是目測動物 ANI in certain provinces(Salzburg&Tyrol,Austria)Minimum ANI score 使用最低ANI記分(澳洲若干省)Individual cow health assessment(Ireland)Annual inspection of cow as part of TB test個體牛隻衛生評估(愛爾蘭)-結核病檢測列入年度母牛評鑑 Assessment of system by research centre(Switzerland)研究中心評估(瑞士)-新畜牧系統評估授權 New husbandry systems assessed and authorised