动词八种时态

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1、动词八种时态（一）一般现在时一.一般现在时的功能1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3. 表示客观真理。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。注意: 在下列情况下,句子也一般用一般现在时1. 有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时表示。 I like eating bananas.2. 在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作,用来代替一般将来时。 He will call you as soon a

2、s he arrives in Beijing.二. 经常和一般现在时搭配的时间状语有: always, often , sometimes usually, everyday, once a week等三.一般现在时的结构1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese. 当主语是第三人称单数时,一般现在时谓语动词变化情况如下: 一般情况下加词尾-s lea

3、rns 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的则加-es misses, watches, washes, goes以辅音字母加结尾的,先把y改为i,再加es study-studies注意: have的第三人称单数是has四.一般现在时的否定和疑问结构1. 否定句 be动词 主语+ be + not +其它。 He is not a worker. 行为动词 主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。 I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。 He doesnt often play football.2. 一般疑问句 be

4、动词 Be +主语+其它。-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 行为动词 Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。 - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。 - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 3. 特殊疑问句 疑问词+一般疑问句。 Where is my bike?EXERCISES: 1. The little

5、boy (study) very hard. 2. My sisters (water) the flowers every day.3. Lucy (go) to school by bike. 4. He (not,like) swimming at all. 5. Our school ( not, be) very big, but it is very beautiful. 6Mother always ( worry ) about my fathers health. 7. Sometimes my father ( take ) me to the park to fly ki

6、tes on Sunday. 8. Miss Smith( teach ) us English in our school. 9. My parents ( not,be ) both teacher. 10. The twins ( live ) on the second floor. 11. Mr Brown often ( watch ) TV in the afternoon. 12. Lucy often ( have ) lunch at school13. I ( not,speak ) Chinese 14. Tom and Jim usually ( write ) to

7、 me. 15. My friend ( play ) basketball once a week.KEY: 1.studies 2. waters 3. goes 4. doesnt like 5.isnt 6.worries 7.takes 8.teaches 9. are not 10.live 11.watches 12.has 13.dont speak 14.write 15.plays（二）现在进行时一.现在进行时的用法 表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作 He is writing a letter. We are making model planes these da

8、ys.这些天我们在做飞机模型。二.经常和现在进行时搭配的单词有 now, listen, look(at), at the moment三.现在进行时的结构 现在进行时由be+v-ing构成 I am reading. He is reading. We are reading. EXERCISES: 1. We (play) basket on the playground now. 2. He (have) lunch at school now. 3.Listen! The birds (sing) in the tree. 4. Look! The little girl (dance

9、) dance. 5. Tom and Jack (play) games at the moment. 6. Look! The children ( have ) a good time over there. 7. Its fine today. The sun ( shine ). 8. The students ( do ) their homework in the classroom now. 9. Look! The child ( sit ) on the ball. 10. The foreigner ( talk ) with our headmaster now. 11

10、. My brother ( listen ) to the music at the moment. 12. Listen! The birds ( sing ) in the tree. 13. What is he doing? He ( wash) his clothes? 14. Look at the girl ! What she (draw)on the blackboard? 15. Be quick! They(wait) us outside the gate of the school. （三）一般将来时一.一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或状态二.常用于一

11、般将来时的时间状语有 soon, next week, tomorrow三.一般将来时的结构1.will/shall+动词原形 shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替 Lucy will study Chinese next year. 2.be going to+动词原形 1)表示按计划要做的事 We are going to the farm tomorrow. 2)表示很快就要发生的事 Look! There is much dark cloud . It is going to rain soon. The woman is going to have a baby. EXERCI

12、SES: 1. Say something about what you ( do ) tomorrow. 2. We ( help ) the farmers grow rice next week. 3. The bus ( take ) you to the museum. 4. Teacher Li ( give ) a talk on man-made satellite next Saturday. 5. We ( hold ) a sports meeting next Saturday. （四）一般过去时一.一般过去时的用法 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态。 We went

13、 to the park yesterday. 二.常与一般过去时搭配的时间状语有: yesterday, last year, ten years ago , in 1989, just now三.一般过去时的结构1. be动词：主语+be(was,were)+其它。如： I was a teacher ten years ago. 2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词的过去式(+其它)。如： We studied English.我们学习英语。注意: 规则动词的过去式的变化情况如下: 一般情况下在加词尾-edlearn-learned 以e结尾的则加-dwrite-writed 以辅音字母+y结

14、尾的,先把y改为i,再加-edstudy-studied 不规则动词的过去式的变化情况可以参照教课书后面的表格四.一般过去时的否定句和疑问句1. 否定句 be动词 主语+ was/were + not +其它。 He was not a worker. 行为动词 主语+ didnt+动词原形(+其它)。 I didnt go to the park yesterday. 2. 一般疑问句be动词 was/were +主语+其它。 -Was he a student last year? -Yes, he was./No, he wasnt. 行为动词 Did+主语+动词原形+其它。 - Did

15、 you play football just now?- Yes, I did. / No, I didnt. 3. 特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句。 How did your father go to work yesterday? （五）现在完成时一现在完成时的定义:1.表示过去发生的事对现在造成了影响 have opened the door.(The door is still open now)2.过去某个动作一直延续到现在 It has rained for a week. (It began to rain a week ago,and it is still raining.)

16、 I have lived in China for ten years.二常与现在完成时搭配的单词有 already,yet,since,for-,just,-before,in/during the past+一段时间，never，ever三现在完成时的结构:have/has + 动词的过去分词I have had breakfast.He has finished his homework. 注意：现在完成时的否定句是在have（has）的后面加上not，疑问句是将have（has）置于主语之前。否定句：I have not seen the movie yet.我还没看这部电影。He

17、hasnt been to Beijing since then.从那时起，他就再也没来过北京。一般疑问句：Have（Has）+主语+过去分词？Have you finished the work？你已经做完这项工作了吗？Yes，I have. No，I havent. Has she arrived here？她已经到这儿了吗？Yes，she has No，she hasnt 特殊疑问句句型特殊疑问词+have（has）+主语+过去分词？How many times have you been to the Great Wall？一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作

18、对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。I have opened the door. 一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。I opened the door this morning. 试比较下列句子：现在完成时节 一般过去时1I have dropped my pen. I dropped my pen just now. 2. She has come. She came here just now. 3. I have lost my watch. I lost my watch last week

19、. 4. I have had breakfast. I am full now. I had breakfast at 7:005. He has cleaned his room, it is clean now.He cleaned his room, but it is dirty now. 一般过去时、现在完成时的专项练习题1. I the cake, I am full now. ( eat ) 2. I the cake last night. ( eat ) 3. He the film ten years ago. ( see ) 4. I a new book yester

20、day. ( buy ) 5. She her book, she cant find it anywhere. ( lose ) 6. Mother supper, we can have a nice meal. ( cook ) 7. She her clothes this morning.(wash) 8. I lunch at 12:10 . ( have ) 9. I my homework just now. ( do ) 10. I your shoes , you can put them on now. ( clean ) 11He ( tell ) us somethi

21、ng about America yesterday. 12. Tom ( make ) some mistakes in his test. 13. The train has already ( arrive ). 14. Jane ( send ) me a dictionary the day before yesterday. 15. They ( ask ) me to thank your mother just now. 16. The doctor ( say ) the child needed an operation. 17. The dog ( die ) two h

22、ours ago. 18. Tomorrow is my fathers birthday. I ( buy ) a present for him. 19. Mary isnt in the classroom. She her homework yet?(finish) 20. you ( find ) the key of your house? 现在完成时的瞬间动词与与连续性动词瞬间动词 延续性动词die be deadopen (动词)be open （形容词）close (动词)be closed（形容词）get up be upfall asleep be asleepfinis

23、h be overleave be awaystart/begin be onbuy haveborrow keepcatch a coldhave a coldjoin (1) be a + 成员；职业 (2) be in+ 集团；组织；单位come/go/arrive/get/catch(1) be+ 副词 (2) be in/at+ 名词EXERCISES: 1. He came here three years ago. He herefor three years. 2. School finished a month ago. School for a month. 3. He b

24、orrowed this book a week ago. He this book for a week. 4. The factory opened ten years ago. The factory for 10 years5. The man joined the army two years ago. The man a soldier since two years ago. 6. He arrived in Beijing last year. He Beijing since a year ago. 7. She got up an hour ago. She for an

25、hour. 8. He bought this book three weeks ago. He this book for three years. 9. The film began half an hour. The film for half an hour. 10. How long you this book? (borrow) 11. I bought the pen about two years ago. I the pen since two years ago. 12. He left China three years ago. He China for three y

26、ears. 13. He left here last year He here for a year. 14. Tom came back a month ago. 15. He died five years ago. since/for，have/has been in, have/have been to, have/have gone to的区别since/for常与现在完成时搭配，但它们的用法是有区别的。since+时间点 since 1999for+一段时间 for three yearssince+一段时间+ago since two months ago=for+一段时间 =

27、for two month EXERCIESE: 用since / for 填空1 two days 2. two and a half months 3. 1990 4. ten years 5. ten years ago 6. last year7. a long time 8. a moment9. six clock 10. yesterday morninghave/has been in, have/have been to, have/have gone to的区别have/has been in 一直在某地 He has been in China for over ten

28、years. have/has been to+名词到过某地，现在回来了。 He has been to Japan twice. have/has been+副词 I have been there. have/has gone to+名词到某地去了，现在不在这里 Where is Jim? -He has gone to the library. have/has gone+副词 Where has Lucy gone? 用have /has been to have/has gone to have /has been have/has gone, has/have been in 填空

29、1. He China for three years. 2. He China. So he knows a lot about China. 3. Where is Mr Green? He China. 4. He here since 10 years ago. 5. How long you here? 6. Where you ? I the library. 7. How long you China? 8. My father Japan for many times. 9. The twins here for a long time. 10. Where are Tom a

30、nd Lucy? They England. （六）过去进行时一. 过去进行时的定义 过去进行时常表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。二. 过去进行时的构成 过去进行时是由“be动词的过去式was/were现在分词”构成。三. 过去进行时的基本句型 肯定式疑问式否定式I was workingWere you working?I was not workingHe / She / it was working.Was he / she / it working?Yes, he / she / it was.No, he / she / it wasnt.He / she / it

31、was not working.We were working.Were we working?We were not working四. 过去进行时的基本用法 1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如： I was having lunch at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 2. 常与过去完成时搭配的时间状语有: while, the whole morning, all day yesterday from nine to ten last evening, when My brother fell while

32、he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.五. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year)及表示过去的时间状语从句。如： He worked in a factory in 2000. 他2000年在一家工厂工作。 He often swam in the river when he was young.他小时侯常在河里游泳。 过去进行时表示过去某一段

33、时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/week/Monday), at+点钟+yesterday (lastnight / Sunday)，while, when等引导的时间状语从句。 I was cooking when she knocked at the door.她敲门时我正在做饭。 What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday?昨天晚上七点你在干什么？ 一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完

34、成。如： I finished doing my homework last night.(昨晚我做完了作业,含有作业已做完的意思) I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher.你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。 注意： 有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如： He wrote a letter to his friend last night.他昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。（信写完了） He was writing a letter to his friend last night.他昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信（信不

35、一定写完） when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如： I was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。 下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时： 1. 与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如： He was always talking in class.他总是上课说话。 When Edison was young, he was always asking questions.（爱迪生小时候喜欢问问题） 2. 表示过去

36、某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如： He was getting up at six oclock every day that week.他那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。EXERCISES: 1. Jack _ while he _ his bike and hurt himself. A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C. was falling, rode D. had fallen, was riding2. Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was

37、 making D. makes3. I first met Jim two years ago. He _ at a book shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read； was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell5. I _ my breakfast when he came

38、. A. had B. had been having C. have been having D. was having（七）过去将来时一.过去将来时定义过去将来时主要表示过去某一时间内看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，经常用在宾语从句中。He said that he would visit me next week.二.过去将来时的结构1.would/ should +动词原形 (should用于第一人称) He said he would wash his car the next Sunday.他说他下个星期天会清洗车子。2.was/were going to+动词原形 Mr Green

39、 told us that we were going to the farm to help the farmers pick the apple trees.三.过去将来时的否定句与疑问句结构 1.否定句 主语+would（should）not+动词原形. 主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形 2.一般疑问句 Would（Should）+主语+动词原形？ Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形？注意: 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。Whenever he had time，he would do

40、 some reading.他一有时间，总是看书。I would play with him when was a child.当我还是孩童时，总是和他一起玩。EXERCISES: 用过去将来时翻译下列句子1.我不知道他是否会来。2.她66岁了。三年后，她是69岁。3.她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。4.我不知如何去做，他们会有什么想法呢？（八）过去完成时一.过去完成时的定义 过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻之前已发生了的动作或现象，强调过去的过去,句中通常会出现有表示过去某一时刻的时间状语。 By the end of last term, we had planted 2000 t

41、rees.(到上学期未为至,我们已种植了2000棵树) 二.常与过去完成时搭配的时间状语有: by the end of-, before, by+过去时间，或when, before等引导的过去时态的从句来表示， 也可以通过上下文来表示。 1） Before 10:00, he had finished his homework. 在10:00之前完成作业，也就是过去的过去 2）I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. 3）We had learned over two thousand English words

42、 by the end of last term. 4） They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 5）When he arrived the station, the train had left. 在arrived过去的动作之前离开也就是过去的过去三.过去完成时的结构 had+过去分词 I had finished my homework before 8 oclock. 四.过去完成时的否定句与疑问句 1.否定句 主语+had not+过去分词+其他 2.一般疑问句 Had+主语+过去分词+其他? 五.过去完成时与

43、现在完成时的比较 过去完成时与现在完成时二者用法基本相同，但现在完成时以现在的时间为基点，过去完成时则以过 去的时间为基点，与现在无关，即过去的过去。 I have finished my homework.我已经做完作业了。（表示现在说话时已经做完作业） By six oclock，I had finished my homework. 在六点以前，我就已经做完作业 （表示在过去的某一时间six oclock以前已经做完作业，与现在毫无关系） I have known him for three years.我认识他三年了。 I had known him when I was a stud

44、ent.我当学生时，就已经认识他了。用过去完成时翻译下列句子1.当我们到达火车站时,火车已经开走了。2.当我们到达电影院时,电影已经放映10分钟了。3.当我们到达那里时,会议已经开始了。4.到上学期未为至,我们已经种植了10000棵树。5.在9:00之前他已经做好了作业。6.这个医生说他已经给这个小男孩做了手术。八种动词时态综合练习( )1. He _ me since I was a little child. A. has known B. had known C. knows D. knew( )2. A number of students _ at the school gate.

45、A. has gather B. have gathered C. is D. was( )3. When I saw his smiling face, I knew he_ good news of his parents. A. has had B. had had C. was having D. has( )4. Tom some history books from the school library yesterday. A. borrowsB. borrowed C. will borrow D. have borrowed( )5. There is going to_ a

46、 volleyball match on our school playground. The match is going to_ at six this evening. A. have; be B. be; have C. be; be D. have; have( )6. Lets go to the park as soon as school_. A. was over B. be over C. is over D. will be over( )7. Say something about what you tomorrow and what you yesterday. A.

47、 are going to do, didB. will do, do C. will do , have done D. have done, did( )8. When Miss Zhao came into the classroom, the students_. A. talked B. were talking C. talking D. talk ( )9. We_ the problem before, but we enjoyed hearing it again. A. heard B. have heard C. had heard D. was hearing( )10

48、.By the time he was twelve, Edison_ to make a living by himself. A. would begin B. has begun C. had begun D. was begun( )11.When_to learn English? A. does she begin B. did she begin C. has she begun D. she began( )12.Could you ring me up as soon as he _? A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will

49、 arrive ( )13.Dont get off the bus until it _. A. has stopped B. stopped C. will stop D. shall stop( )14.I the film several times already. A. sees B. saw C. have seenD. will( )15.-Excuse me. Look at the sign: NO SMOKING! -Sorry, I_it. A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see( )16.That din

50、ner was the most expensive meal we_. A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had( )17.We wont go to the Great Wall if it _ tomorrow. A. snows B. snowed C. snow D. will snow( )18.Tell me who to our party tomorrow. A. is coming B. was coming C. come D. have come( )19.4 The sun _ in the east and_ in the west. A. raises; set B. rise; sets