动词时态复习专题讲座

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1、有关英语动词时态试题的复习 第一部分 中考对动词的知识要求中考对动词的考查主要集中在：1、掌握动词的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；2、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时），了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；3、了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法；了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法；4、掌握系动词be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法；5、掌握助动词be, d

2、o, have, shall, will的基本用法；6、掌握情态动词can, must, need, may等基本句型结构及主要用法；7、掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则；8、掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语的基本用法；了解动词不定式作主语、定语、表语的基本用法。9、掌握动名词作主语、宾语的基本用法；了解现在分词作伴随动作的用法。第二部分 动词时态试题的解题思路中考对动词时态测试的题型较多,主要有单项选择、单句填空、短文填空等。 我们做这类试题时， 首先必须对动词的各种形式、基本概念和用法有一个较为全面的了解和掌握，在做题时才能得心应手。下面具体谈谈解这种试题的一些常用方法。一、 确定时态不同时态有其特定

3、的时间 状语或标志词。只要找出这些时间状语或标志词，时态就好确定了。1.一般现在时常用：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays等；在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。2.现在进行时态中常有look, listen, 时间状语有now, right now, at this moment, these days等。3.一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, next day(week, mo

4、nth, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow等。4.现在完成时：常与already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）recently 等词连用。或与so far，in the past/last few years, for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句等连用。5.一般过去时常用yesterday, last year, in 1990, two days ago, the day before yesterday, las

5、t week(year, night, month), just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time等。6.过去进行时常用时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的从句等。 7.过去将来时常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week)8.过去完成时表示在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。常用时间状语：before

6、, by the end of last year(term, month)等。或与for/since引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。请看下面一道动词综合填空试题：练习1：All of my students think Im a good teacher. I (1) _(work) in the school since 1999. I am always nice to my students. I often (2)_ (help) them with their school work. So I(3)_ (regard) as their best friend. They love

7、 me very much and they often do something nice for me.One day before Teachers Day, some of my students (4)_(buy) me some presents. When they gave me the presents, they said “Thank you for teaching us so well and we (5)_ (study) harder than before.” How nice my students are!二、 确定语态如果所填动词是谓语动词，应先根据主语和

8、谓语动词之间的主、被动关系，确定动词的语态一般地说，句子主语是谓语动作的招待者时骼主动语态。若句子主语是动作承受者时，则用被动语态。1、掌握下面时态的被动语态 ：一般现在时的被动语态（am/ is/ are +done）English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。一般过去时的被动语态(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。一般将来时的被动语态(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)A sp

9、eech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词; 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成。 Teenagers shouldnt be allowed to get their ears pierced.2、专项练习：阅读短文并用动词的适当形式填空。练习2：Peter has been worried all the week . Last Tuesday he received a letter from the police. In the letter he was asked (ask) to

10、go to the police station. Peter didnt know why he was wanted (want) by the police , but he went to the station yesterday and now isnt worried any more. At the station, he was told (tell) by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found (find). Five days ago, the policeman told him the bicycle

11、was picked up (pick up) in a small village four hundred miles away. Peter was surprised when he heard the news. He was glad, too , because he never expected the bicycle could be found (find) again. Peter lost it eight years ago when he was a boy of fifteen.三、 确定动词的非谓语形式如果所填的动词在句子中不作谓语，那么就应考虑用动词的非谓语形

12、式。在英语中，不能作谓语动词，而是作其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。动词的非谓语形式主要有：动词不定式、动词的-ing形式（现在分词或动名词）、过去分词等。到底采用哪一种形式，要根据习惯搭配、各种非谓语形式的用法和特点、修辞及句子结构的要求等方面来决定。1.下面动词或句型后用动词原形：（1）情态动词can, cant, could, couldnt, may, might， must, mustnt, shall ,should, will, would, need，have to, ought to 等+动词原形）（2）had better do sth, had better not

13、do sth.（3）why not do sth?（4）Would/Could you please do sth? Would/Could you please not do sth?（5）不带to的动词不定式 使役动词let, have, make sb. do sth (改为被动语态要加to)【对比：get sb to do sth】感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice sb. do sth. (看到，听到，感到，注意到某人经常或做了做某事) (改为被动语态要加to) see, hear, watch, notice sb. doing sth (看到，听

14、到，感到，注意到某人正在做某事)help sb (to) do sth 2、带to的不定式： 肯定：to do sth 否定：not to do sth 常见跟动词不定式的动词：want (sb) to do sth ,would like to do sth, ask (sb) to do sth., tell (sb) to do sth., seem to do, wish (sb ) to do sth, hope to do sth, expect (sb) to do sth, agree to do sth , refuse to do sth , volunteer to do

15、 sth, pretend to do sth, attempt to do sth, remind sb to do sth, decide/make a decision to do sth, plan/make plans to do sth, afford to do sth, learn to do sth, try to do sth, fail to do sth , cant wait to do sth , be supposed to do sth, be+ to do sth,etc. 动词不定式表目的 use sth. to do sth , be used to do

16、/for doing sth (对比：be/get used to doing sth , used to do sth ) do(try) ones best to do sthHe flew to Beijing to spend his holiday. He came to give us a talk yesterday.形容词+动词不定式adj. +enough to do sth be afraid to do sth be sorry to do be glad to do be careful to do sth Its (for sb.) to do sth. Its (o

17、f sb.) to do sth. too to结构 feel/find/think it+ adj. +to do sth【在feel, find, think等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，而补语是形容词，则通常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语即不定式移至形容词之后。如：I find it impossible to forget her.我发现忘掉她是不可能的。He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他认为带把伞是必要的。】动词不定式作定语 Lets get something delicious to eat. Its ones duty t

18、o do sth. take ones turn to do sth., the first one to do sth疑问词+动词不定式where to go, what to do, how to do it, how to answer the question3、动词的-ing形式-动名词动名词做主语Traveling by air is very exciting. Taking care of our environment is very important.动名词做宾语（在finish, enjoy, keep, mind, miss, feel like等词后常+ doing

19、结构）。初中阶段出现的这类动词有：consider doing sth., mind doing sth. keep doing sth., ractice doing sth, enjoy doing sth , dislike doing sth, finish doing sth, find sb doing sth, give up doing sth , keep on doing sth, feel like doing sth, be busy doing sth., end up doing sth., have fun doing sth,have trouble/probl

20、ems/a difficult time doing sth,etc.介词+动名词作宾语be good at doing sth, do well in doing sth , be interested in doing sth, be proud of/take pride in doing sth, be afraid/terrified of doing sth, be sure of doing sth, have an opportunity /a chance of doing sth, complain about doing sth, the best way of doin

21、g sth, instead of doing sth, spend time/money in doing sth, prefer doing sth to doing sth= prefer to do sth rather than do sth, look forward to doing sth, hold on to doing sth, pay attention to doing sth, stop sb. (from) doing sth= prevent sb. (from) doing sth = keep sb. from doing sth(阻止某人做某事) 【对比：

22、keep sb. doing sth（使某人不断做某事）】 4、既可以跟动词不定式又可以跟动名词的动词： like, love, hate(恨，讨厌）, begin, start5、下列动词跟动词不定式和跟动名词意思不同remember doing sth 记得做了 remember to do sth 记着要做forget doing sth 忘记做过了 forget to do sth 忘了要做stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下来做另一件事go on doing sth 继续做 go on to do sth 接下来做6、动词的-ing形式-现在分

23、词现在分词表伴随动作 The students came into the classroom, talking and laughing. My friends in England sometimes write to me, asking me how long Ill stay there.7、have/get sth done, make sb done 有被动含义。need doing = need to be done例；He raised his voice so that he could make himself_ heard .My bike needs mending.

24、 = My bike needs to be mended.练习3：I think the children can _ (share) some housework, its a big help because parents _ (work) hard every day. Last Sunday morning, I _ (plan) to play football, but when I saw my mum _ (get) ready for the washing. I decided to help her. So I told my friends _ (play) foo

25、tball by themselves. Mum was happy (see) that, she was proud of me.练习4：Summer _ (come) now. If its a bright clear day outside, you had better _(wear) a pair of sunglasses. They can help you stop the sunshine from_ (hurt) your eyes. If you _already _(regard) sunglasses as a part of your summer life,

26、thats good. If not, please _ (learn) to do so. 第三部分 在复习中如何指导学生做好动词时态填空题一、根据时间状语、标志词等判断。中考真题：1.I called you at 8:00 yesterday, but nobody answered. Sorry, I _ an important meeting in the office. A. will have B. had C. was having D. has had 2._ you ever _ to Hangzhou? Yes, only once. I _ there with my

27、 father. A. Have, gone, went B. Have, gone, will go C. Have, been, went D. Have, been, will go 3.Im going shopping now. I _ home soon. A. return B. will be back C. come back D. go back二、 根据语境或上、下文暗示来确定时态及语态。中考真题：4. -Do you know Jane?-Yes, I first met her three years ago. She _at a fruit shop at that

28、 time. A.had worked B. worked C. has worked D. was working5. -Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.-Im sorry, but I _when to meet. A.dont tell B. didnt tell C. havent told D. wasnt told6. -Excuse me, please look at the sign “No Smoking”. -Sorry, I _. A.dont notice it B.am not n

29、oticed C.didnt notice it D.wasnt noticed三、 根据主从句的关系暗示来确定时态。1. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去的相应时态。若从句表示的是客观真理，则谓语动词的时态用一般现在时。如果主句谓语动词是现在时态，从句可用任意需要的时态。2.在时间、条件状语从句中，若主句是一般将来时或是祈使句，从句要用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。 3.根据前后动词暗示。有的动词填空题由并列连词and, but or等连接的两个（或两个以上的）句子，我们可以根据前（后）面的动词时态来确定后（前）面动词的时态。中考真题：7.The harder

30、 you _, the better results you will get. A.will study B. studied C. study D. studying8. Tell him about the news when he _, John. Yes, I will. A. comes B. will come C. would come D. is coming9. The teacher told us in class that the earth _ around the sun. A.moves B. moved C. is moving D. to move 练习5：

31、Kate wants to be a nurse and _(work) for the sick. She knows they need her help. Whenever Kate goes to the hospital, she always sees many patients there.Last summer Kate _(break) her leg. The pain was very great and she could not even walk. She _(take) to the hospital by her parents and the doctor s

32、aid that she_ (have) to stay there for about two weeks. One day a nurse came to Kates bed and said with a smile. “You _(be) better soon. You can walk again, so _(not think) only about the bad things. Try _(be) happy!” The nurse was very kind and they became friends. After Kate left the hospital, she

33、 thought a lot about the kind nurse. She now understands the work of nurses _(be) very important, because they often give hope to the sick. Now Kate (think) about her own future. She often talks with her parents about it. She knows what she should do _(become) a good nurse, and she_(study) very hard at school from now on.