艺术元素和设计原则

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1、Elements of Art and Principles of Design Understanding the elements and principles will make you a more careful observer;as a result,you might more fully enjoy the design of fine art,manufactured objects and/or nature.Elements of ArtLineLineShape/FormShape/FormColor/ValueColor/ValueTextureTextureSpa

2、ceSpace Ingredients that artists use to create an artwork.The basic parts of any artworkLine is a dot that went for a walk-Paul Klee2 Basic Characteristics of Line personality are:Its direction:Its direction:VerticalHorizontalDiagonalCurvedAnd its weight:And its weight:ThickThinOr combination of eac

3、hBarkcloth from New GuineaZebraLines found in nature Lines created by artistsLine TypesContour lines describe the shape of an object and include interior detailStructural Lines hold a shape togetherGesture Lines-quick lines showing movement and emphasize direction,a thin continuous flow of lineLine

4、TypesLine of Sight or Psychic Line-an imaginary line from a figures eyes to a viewed objectImplied Lines-suggested lines and are not actually drawn but are actually large objects or groups of objects that appear as lines when viewed from a distance.Line as Texture and PatternAlbrect Durer-used line

5、to create complete detailed studies of natureWhen a line curves around and crosses itself or intersects other lines to enclose a space it creates SHAPE2 dimensional;has height and widthand is flatShapeJacob Lawrence;St.MarcShapes are flat They can be namedThey are simple outlines of objects filled w

6、ith flat colorCategories of Shapes Geometric-man made shapes,precise and sharply definedOrganic-curved,rounded,informal and irregular shapes found in natureChuck Close:EmmaPortrait applied to grid;every square within the grid is layered with a series of various shapes and colorsForm 3D objects can b

7、e viewed from all sides All sides should be interesting to the viewer and considered when creating 3 dimensionallyBarbara Hepworth;Pelagos-Describes something with 3 dimensions-Actual height,width and depthThe Illusion of Form:Making a 2 dimensional surface look 3D.Techniques:1.Overlap objects2.Use

8、value/color3.Size change4.use of aerial perspectiveColor(Hue)Comes from light;either natural or artificial A phenomenon of light that enables one to differentiate otherwise identical objects(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)Color constantly changes with the time of day and the amount of light Bright light

9、=intense color Dim light=little or no colorEliot Porter;Pool in a Brook,Brook Pond NHColorSpectrum Think of rainbows ROYGBIV Color appeals directly to our senses and emotions It is associated with school pride,holidays and emotions from happiness to sadnessJanet Fish;Four ShellsFranz Marc;The Large

10、Blue HorsesJanet Fish;Geese in FlightHow do your emotions differ as you look at each art work?Do they evoke different emotions?How We See Color When an object is hit(bombarded)with light rays,the object absorbs certain waves and reflects others,this determines the color effect.For example,what we ac

11、tually see when we observe a blue ball is that the ball appears blue because it reflects only blue light and absorbs all other light.How We See Color The color white:If all light waves are reflected from a surface the surface will appear to be white.The color black:Similarly,when all light waves are

12、 absorbed by a surface the surface will appear to be black.Check out this web site;http:/ Colors Primary colors-cannot be mixed from other colors Used to create all other colorsRED YELLOW BLUEJacob Lawrence;Builders No.3Secondary ColorsCreated by mixing primary colors to create:ORANGE VIOLET GREEN J

13、acob Lawrence;The First Wave of the Great Migration IIITertiary Colors Created by mixing primary and secondary colors Blue-green,blue-violet,red-violet,red-orange,yellow,orange,yellow-greenPaysage aux Papillions(1959),Salvador DaliWarm Colors Colors associated with fire Reds,Oranges,YellowsGeorgia O

14、Keeffe,Red CannasAndy Goldsworthy,Leaves with Hole Cool Colors Blues,Greens and Violets Restful,Peaceful Calming colorsGeorgia OKeeffe,From the Lake IGeorgia OKeeffe,Grey Line with Black,Blue and YellowNeutrals Are created by mixing all primary colors Or complimentary colors Gray,white,brown and bla

15、ckGeorgia OKeeffe,The White Calico FlowerAnalogous Colors=neighbors on the color wheelGrant Wood;HayingComplementary Colors=opposites on the color wheelGrant Wood;Death on the Ridge RoadMonochromatic Colors The tints and shades of one color(hue)Tint=white added to a hueShade=black added to a hueThe

16、Old Guitarist,PicassoValue The lightness or darkness of a colorTint=white added to a hueShade=black added to a hueIntensity=the strength of a hueDorothea Lange,Migrant MotherEdward Degas,Before the Entrance on StageSeaside Still LifeTextureThe way something feels or how it looks like it would feelTh

17、e surface quality of an object Or the illusion of a surface quality Benin Sculpture;Horse and RiderMeret Oppenheim;ObjectMarcel;Senior Member Zbrush CentralA variety of Lines create implied textureSpaceThe distance between,around,above or within thingsCan be 3D=actual space or2D=the illusion of spac

18、ePositive Space=the object or subjectNegative Space=the background or area surrounding the objectMC Escher;Eight HeadsMC Escher;master manipulating positive and negative spaceWhich is which?Which are the objects?What is the background?Are you sure?The Illusion of Space ATMOSPHERIC PERSPECTIVE is cre

19、ated through Size change Color or Value change Overlapping During the Renaissance,artists used atmospheric perspective to create depth in their landscapes.Many credit Leonardo DaVinci as the inventor of atmospheric or aerial perspective.DaVinci;Madonna of the YarnwinderAtmospheric Perspective Albert

20、 Bierstadt;Garden of the RockiesPrinciples of Design Pattern Emphasis Movement/Rhythm Unity Variety Contrast Balance Proportion The different ways in which artists combine the elements to achieve a desired effect or outcome.Combinations are limitlessPattern The REPETITION of:shapes,lines,colors in a

21、 design or composition Man made or naturalAboriginal Patterns;AustraliaOaxacan Wood Carving;MexicoAndy Goldsworthy;RoofLouis Comfort Tiffany;Peacock VaseFaith Ringgold;Tar Beach 2Emphasis The center of interest,the focal point The most important or dominant feature in an artwork Something singled ou

22、t To draw attention to a particular object in an artworkRenee Magritte;The Son of Man Close your eyes What do you notice first when you reopen your eyes?This is the Focal PointCharles Demuth;Figure 5 in GoldEmphasis through Isolation;Wayne Thiebaud;Dark CakeMovement/Rhythm The suggestion of motion T

23、his can either be actual motion or it can be implied the arrangement of the parts to create a sense of motion by using curving or diagonal lines,shapes,forms and textures,that cause the eye to move over the work.Mobiles and kinetic sculptures are capable of actual motion.Movement through COLOR chang

24、eMovement through SIZE changeVictor VasarelyMovement through RepetitionGiacomo Balla;Dynamism of a Dog on a LeashThomas Hart Benton;The Ballad of the Jealous LoverMovement through the use of curved and diagonal linesUnityElizabeth Catlett;SharecropperUnity is the feeling that everything in the work

25、of art works together and looks like it fits.Gustave Caillebotte;Fruit Displayed on a StandWayne Thiebaud;Eight LipsticksUnity through Repetition of Shape and ColorJohn Biggers;Third Ward I Unity through color&shapeVarietyIs the Spice of Life.How boring Life would be without variety.Enough differenc

26、e in a work of art to keep a work interestingPablo Picasso;Girl Reading at TableMarc Chagall,I and the VillageFrida Kahlo,The Love Embrace of the UniverseA large difference between 2 things:ShapeColorSizeValueLineTextureRenee Magritte;LEmpire des Lumieres ContrastThe greater the difference the great

27、er the contrastVincent van Gogh;Wheatfield with CrowsContrast through color,value&brush strokeSteve Palmer;Kiwi Photo Color ContrastBalance Refers to visual distribution of weight(the illusion of actual balance)or actual weight Symmetrical=equal on both sides Asymmetrical=not equal on both sides Rad

28、ial=all elements radiate out from a center point in a circular fashion.Taj Mahal;Symmetrical BalanceAsymmetrical Balance-There is weight on both sides of the image but it is not equal or the sameWayne Thiebaud;Around the CakeRadial BalanceRose Window;National Cathedral;Washington DC;Actual BalanceMo

29、bile,Alexander CalderDeborah Butterfield-Occurs with 3-D objects,the actual weight of the sculpture or piece is distributed in a way that allows the piece to be free-standingProportion Size Relationships Comparisons-the amount of one thing compared to anotherMarisol;Women and DogEl Greco;St.Andrew and St.FrancisEl Greco;St.Jerome,CardinalDoug Webb;Kitchenetic EnergyRene MagritteRon Mueck Although each are presented separately,no one of them appears alone in design:the elements and principles work together and together help to express an artists feelings or ideas