高级英语（第三版）第一册第十课AMoreperfectUnion(PartII)

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1、Lesson Ten A More Perfect Union- Barack Hussein Obama,Objectives of Lesson 10,Familiarize students with the background of the speech; Enable students to understand Obamas views; Help students to appreciate the speech: lexical, syntactical and rhetorical features.,.,Racial segregation in the United S

2、tates has meant the physical separation and provision of separate facilities (especially during the Jim Crow era), but it can also refer to other manifestations of racial discrimination such as separation of roles within an institution, such as the United States Armed Forces up to the 1950s when bla

3、ck units were typically separated from white units but were led by white officers .,Segregation,Obama outlines the historical development of racial discrimination and the suffering of the older generation.,Para 34-38,Para 39-42,Para 27-33,Obama analyses the anger among certain segments of white Amer

4、ica.,Obama analyses what was wrong with Wright and what the black community and the white community should do to solve the race issue.,Obama points out two solutions to solve the issue and he brings about a story of a black.,Para 39-42,Para 43-59,Obama analysizes what was wrong with Wright and what

5、the black community and the white community should do to solve the race issue.,Para 60: conclusion,Part One：,What results in the anger of the black? Segregations (para 27, 28) Legalized discrimination ( para 29) A lack of economic opportunity among black men (para 30) ,As William Faulkner once wrote

6、: “ the past isnt dead and buried. In fact, it isnt even past.” (para 27) The influence of what happened in previous times has not disappeared . Such influences can still be seen. Jim Crow: 黑人 （贬义词） Traditional discrimination against or segregation of blacks .,Text analysis,William Faulkner was born

7、 in a distinguished family in Jackson, Mississippi. Faulkner wrote 19 novels and nearly a hundred short stories. Major works include: The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930), Light in August (1932). In 1950 Faulkner won the Nobel Prize for literature.,Background,Segregated schools were,

8、 and are, inferior schools; between todays black and white students. (para 28): This is one sentence paragraph describing the existence of school segregation fifty years after Warrens Court decision to make segregation unconstitutional, and pointing out that inferior education in segregated schools

9、is the cause of the poor performance of some black students.,Text analysis,Legalized discrimination: (para 29) It is kind of discriminatory practices that are protected by law. What legalized discrimination did the African Americans suffer? They were not allowed to have housing in some white areas;

10、business loans or FHA insured loans were denied on consideration of race, and unions and certain professions were not open to blacks.,Text analysis,A lack of economic opportunity among black men contributed to the erosion of black families. (para 30) Contributed to the erosion of black families: the

11、 use of “contribute”, “erosion” softens the bluntness of the statement-helped to bring about the breaking up of the black families.,Text analysis,But for all thosein one way or another, by discrimination. (para 32) Scratched and clawed: dug with ones nails and clawsfought really hard. Make it: to su

12、cceed in a particular activity. Out of those who worked or struggled very hard to climb the social ladder, many did not succeed. They were defeated in lifes struggle, as a result of racial discrimination.,Text analysis,And occasionally it finds voice in the church on Sunday morning , in the pulpit a

13、nd in the pews. (para 33) In the pulpit and in the pews: rhetorical devices of metonymy and alliteration. “pulpit and pew” standing for the priest and the church congregations.,Text analysis,Section one (para 27-33): Obama outlines the historical development of racial discrimination and the sufferin

14、gs of the older generation. Then he pointed out the anger is real though if may not be shown so often. One of the places is shown in black church services. The difference of sermons and response of the congregations.,Text analysis,In fact, a similar anger exists within segments of the white communit

15、y. (para 34) This statement serves as a transition, leading to the analysis of the anger among certain segments of white America.,Text analysis,Their experience is they built it from scratch. (para 34) From scratch: from a point where nothing has been done. Theyve built it from scratch: they succeed

16、 in establishing themselves in American society all through their own effort.,Text analysis,Political landscape (para 35): By the end of the 1970s, liberalism had run its course and people felt that it could no longer solve domestic and foreign policy issues. People blamed this on affirmative action

17、 and on social welfare and they were worried about crime and refused to discuss racial inequality. This led to the election of Reagan and the dominance of conservatism for more than 25 years.,Text analysis,For the African American communityvictims of our past. (para 39) What should the African Ameri

18、can community do then? We should face and handle bravely the legacy of racial injustice of the past while at the same time should not feel wronged all the time.,Text analysis,According to Obama, what is wrong with Wright? Wright fails to see the change that has taken place in the U.S. , and the prog

19、ress that has been made. To Wright, the society is static, nothing fundamental has changed and the country is still burdened by the past. (para 41) What solutions should both the black and the white adopt to solve the race issue? They should find common spirit they share and the governments policies

20、 must be built on such spirit. (para 43),Section 3,What are two options to solve the race issue, according to Obama? One option is to follow a campaign approach that breeds division, and conflict and cynicism. (para 44) The second option : the American people, black and white, Asian and Hispanic and

21、 Native American, unite and reject the politics that produces division and conflict. (para 47) This time(para 48) This time (para 49) This time (para 50),Section 4,At the end of para 58, Obama brings up racial unity. In para 59, he further points out that this recognition of common goals and common

22、stakes might not bring about change but it is the starting point. In para 60, Obama brings this idea of starting point back to the signing of the constitution to show that this is where the perfection begins. The ending echoes the title and the beginning , making a perfect completion.,Section 4,1） T

23、he approach of the speech He put the race issue in the context of perfecting the union, in the context of upholding the U.S. Constitution, the job of a president. A historical approach puts the race issue, the legacy of slavery, in the course of historical development. He adopted an approach in a st

24、raightforward way, facing the doubts in the minds of voters and the arguments of blacks and whites. He described his relationship with Wright and condemned Wrights statements but pointed out the other side of Wright and the influence of the church.,Summary,2) Personal Touches In the speech, Obama talked about his personal experience, his relation with Wright and the story of Ashley Baia. These personal touches make the speech more human, establishing a closer relationship between the speaker and the audience. This is the practice of many public speakers.,Summary,