动词完成时语法讲解

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1、动词的完成时动词的完成时包括现在完成时和过去完成时。现在完成时是一种既涉及过去又联系现在的时态。与现在完成时不同的是，过去完成时将时间推移到过去某一时间之前，即所谓的“过去的过去”。1. He had lived in Beijing for ten years.2. He said he had lived in Beijing ten years before.一 现在完成时的构成1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型：主语+have/has+过去分词+I have bought lots of books about Western customs.2. 现在完成时的否定句句型：主语+have/h

2、as+not+过去分词+The Simpsons havent been to Canada since the day they left.3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句句型：Have/Has +主语+过去分词+-Has the huntsman killed Snow White?-Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.4. 现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+How long have you been here?二 现在完成时的几种用法1. 影响、结束现在完成时表示在过去不确定的时间里发生过或者未发生过的动作对现在产生的结果和影响，或者表示

3、开始于过去的动作最近刚结束。(1)表示过去的动作对现在产生的结果和影响The tickets have sold out!(2)表示开始于过去的动作最近刚结束 常与以下时间状语连用： just already ever recently never yetI have just heard the news that our school will set up a press club.2继续 现在完成时表示过去开始，持续到现在，而且还可能持续下去的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的状语连用。 this week/month lately these days since since then

4、so far for a long time up to now till/until now in the past few daysIve known Grace since my childhood.3.经历 现在完成时表示从过去到现在之间曾经历过的事情，常和以下词语连用： Often never ever once twice since before three times He has never been ill in his life.三 使用现在完成时需注意事项 现在完成时强调的是在时间上与现在的联系，因此它不能和表示确定的过去时间状语连用，如ago，yesterday，la

5、st week，three years ago，in 2001以及以when为首的疑问句等。在现在完成时的句子中，终止性动词（瞬间动词）一般不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。1. 现在完成时与一般过去时现在完成时与一般过去时都表示在过去做的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在的结果、影响等。一般过去是则只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。所以，一些表示过去的固定时间状语只能与一般过去时连用，如ago，last，或由when引导的问句都不能与现在完成时连用。I have just cleaned my roomI cleaned my room yesterday.(1)现在完成时

6、与一般过去时的区别举例 I visited your school three weeks ago. I have already visited your school. I have visited your school before. I have visited your school three weeks ago. I bought a teddy bear last Sunday. I have just bought a teddy bear. I have bought a teddy bear last Sunday.(2)when不能和现在完成时连用。 When did

7、 you buy the red car? When have you bought the red car? A:Have you ever met Alice? B:Yes,I have. A:When did you meet her? B:Last week. A:Oh.She has already been here.2. 终止性动词终止性动词表示动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能再延续。因此在现在完成时句子中，这种动词不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常用的终止性动词有以下这些：arrive begin borrow buy come die go join leave losefini

8、sh stop (1) 终止性动词与延续性动词用法正误例举Ive been away from Shanghai for 3days.I left Shanghai 3 days ago.It is/has been 3 days since I left Shanghai.Ive left Shanghai for 3 days.(2) 终止性动词的否定式Tony hasnt left home for a month.(3) have/has gota. have/has got 形式上是现在完成时，实际上和一般现在时的have/has的意思相同。Have you got a light?

9、=Do you hace a light?b. have/has got+不定式 表示“必须” Ive got to go.3. have/has been to与have/has gone toRonald has been to Hong Kong Disney theme park twice.Tonald has gone to Hong Kong Disney theme park.Ronald has gone to Hong Kong Disney theme park twice.四 过去完成时的构成 过去完成时的形态是“had+过去分词”，一般表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前发

10、生的事情、完成的动作或存在的状态。它的否定句是在had后面直接加上not，一般疑问句是将had置于主语之前，特殊疑问句是将疑问词置于一般疑问句之前。1 过去完成时的肯定句句型：主语+had+过去分词+When I got there,he had left.2. 过去完成时的否定句句型：主语+had+not+过去分词+She told me she hadnt had supper.3. 过去完成时的一般疑问句句型：Had +主语+过去分词+？ Yes，had./No,hadnt.A:Had you known anything about our school before you came

11、 here?B:Yes,I had./No,I hadnt.4. 过去完成时的特殊疑问句句型：疑问词+had+主语+过去分词+？What had you completed before I called you?五 过去完成时的用法1. 常与过去完成时连用的词。(1) 过去完成时与already,just,ever,yet等词连用，表示过去的过去。Robert told me his team had already won.(2) 过去完成时与by then,by 9 oclock,by the end of,by the time,up till then等连用，表示过去的过去。By t

12、he end of 2007 many buildings had been built in the city.(3) 过去完成时与when,before,after,as soon as,till/until等引导的时间状语从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。When she got home,her children had slept.2. 过去完成时可用于宾语从句或间接引语中I didnt know what he had done it for.六 使用过去完成时需注意事项1. 过去完成时与现在完成时的比较用法基本相同，但现在完成时以现在的时间为基点，过去完成时则以过去的时间为基点，与现在无关，即过去的过去。I have known Neil for three years.I had known Neil when I was a student.2. 过去完成时表示未能实现的愿望和希望表示意向的动词如hope,wish,espect,think,mean等，用过去完成时表示想做而未做的事，意为“原本，而未能”等。We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.