定语从句讲解与百道经典习题

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1、定语从句 定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。 关系副词有：when,where,why等。 一、 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Ishethem

2、anwho/thatwantstoseeyou? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2)Whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）,例如： Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which,that 它们

3、所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语） Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语) 二、 关系代词that,which的用法 A.以下情况多用that. (1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,e

4、verything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears. IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou? (2)如果先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,thebest等词修饰，关系代词常用that(指人时，可以用who),例如： ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind. Thatisthebestfilmthatwehaveseen. Iwastheonlypersoninmyoffic

5、ethat/whowasinvited. (3)当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much所修饰时； Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree. (4)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。 ItisthefirstforeignbookthatIhaveeverseen. ThisisthemostbeautifulflowerthatIhaveseen. (5)在therebe句型中，常用that. Thereisamanthatlivesinthatvillage. (6)先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：

6、Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely. B.以下情况用which. (1)当关系词前面有介词时，指物常用which. Theprizeforwhichheworkedsohardwasanewbike. Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies. (2)非限制性定语从句指物时，多用which. Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight. Hewroteanarticle,whichtellsusaboutthecomputer. (3)如果先行词本身是th

7、at时，只用which. Thisisthatwhichheboughtyesterday. (4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis相似，例如： Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy. 三、 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when,where,why 关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于介词+

8、which结构，因此常常和介词+which结构交替使用，例如： Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。 Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和介词+which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： Hisfather

9、diedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)hewastreated. Thisisthereasonhewasabsent. 四、判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： Thi

10、sisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear. IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear. （错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside. （对）Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear. （对）Illneverforgetth

11、edays(which)Ispentinthecountryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysage? A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone 例2.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld. A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone 答案：例1D，例2A 例1变为肯定句：This

12、museumis_youvisitedafewdaysago. 例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who

13、,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。 五、限制性和非限制性定语从句 1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我

14、们上个月买的。（非限制性） 2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear. 查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修

15、饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 六、介词+关系词 (1)“介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 “介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,with

16、out等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。 ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago. Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub? (2)fromwhere为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如： Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown. (3)像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如： Thisisthe

17、boywhomshehastakencareof. （4）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。 ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago. ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago. Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub? Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub? （2）Some,any,none等或数词+of+which/whom引导的定语从句。例如 Ihavefourbooks,

18、twoofwhichareinteresting. Itsafamilyofthreechildren,allofwhomIhaveevertaught. 七、as,which非限定性定语从句 关系代词as也可引导非限制性定语从句，其从句的谓语常是表示感知的动词，如：know,see,hear,expect等。从句可放在主句之前、之中、或之后。As可以指主句中的某个成分，也可以指整个主句，as在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。例如： 1）Tom,asyouknow,isawriter. 2）Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70%oftheearth. 3）Tomd

19、oesntfindhishomework,asoftenhappens. 4）Charlielooksstrong,asinfactheis. 由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth. Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous（）定语从句与表语从句的互换 Thatsthethingthatwereworryingabout.（定语从句） Thatswhatwerew

20、orryingabout.（表语从句） 那就是我们正在担心的事。 Thisisthewayshedidit.（定语从句） Thisishowshedidit.（表语从句） 这就是她做这件事的方法。 Thisisthereasonwhywemustgonow.（定语从句） Thisiswhywemustgonow.（表语从句） 这就是我们现在该走的理由。 ThatistheplacewhereXiaoLinwasborn.（定语从句） ThatiswhereXiaoLinwasborn.(表语从句) 那就是小林出生的地方。 （）定语从句与宾语从句的互换 Idontknowthereasonwhy

21、sheissohappy.（定语从句） Idontknowwhysheissohappy.（宾语从句） 我不知道她为什么这样高兴。 Heshowedmetheplacewhereheusedtolive.（定语从句） Heshowedmewhereheusedtolive.（宾语从句） 他带我看了他曾经住过的地方。 DoyouknowthedatewhenWuhanwasliberated?（定语从句） DoyouknowwhenWuhanwasliberated?(宾语从句) 你知道武汉是什么时候解放的吗？ （）定语从句与主语从句的互换 Thethingthatweneedismoretim

22、e.（定语从句） Whatweneedismoretime.（主语从句） 我们所需要的是更多的时间。 Thetimewhentheywillstartouthasnotbeendecidedyet.（定语从句） Whentheywillstartouthasnotbeendecidedyet.（主语从句） 他们什么时候动身还没有决定下来。 Thereasonwhyhediditwasntquiteclear.（定语从句） Whyhediditwasntquiteclear.（主语从句） 定语从句模拟训练二1. Can you tell me the name of the factory _y

23、ou paid a visit last week?A. what B. which C. to which D. to that2. We have two spare rooms downstairs, _ has been used for more than two months.A. but neither of which B. none of which C. but neither of them D. none of them3.Finally, the thief handed everything _he had stolen to the police.A. which

24、 B. what C. whatever D. that4.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose5.All _is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which6.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.

25、A. these B. those C. that D. which7.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that8.After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when9.He still lives in the room _ window face

26、s to the east.He still lives in the room, the window _ faces to the east.He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city.He still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table. A. which B. whose C. where D. of which10._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights._ who leaves the roo

27、m last ought to turn off the lights._ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. Who C. Those D. Whoever11._ we all know, China is rich in natural resources._ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources._ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.A. Which B.

28、As C. It D. That12.Ill never forget the days _ we studied together. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. A. that B. / C. when D. A and B13.Galileo collected facts _ proved the earth and all the other planets moved around the sun. Galileo collected facts _ the earth and all the other planet

29、s moved around the sun. A. that B. which C. / D. A and B14.It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema. It was at eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema. A. which B. that C. when D. on which15.The orphan came from New York, _ is far from here.A. which B. that C. where D. in which16. The

30、beautiful village, _ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of the mountain. A. where B. that C. which D. what17. The two things _ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which18. The magazine _ Betty paid one dollar was ver

31、y good. A. that B. which C. for which D. to which19. We admired him for the way _ he faced his difficulties. A. in which B. in that C. which D. how20. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see what was happening inside the room. A. in which B. through which C. at which D. on which21. Th

32、e first birthday gift her parents _ was a necklace. A gave it to her B. gave her C. gave her it D. gave it for her22. Robert is good at languages, _ we all know. A. because B. for C. as D. since23. Who is the man _our headmaster just shook hands? A. of whom B. that C. with whom D. with who24. There

33、is only one problem _ they disagree.A. about which B. of which C. on which D. that25. He is a man _ we can learn very much.A. of whom B. that C. of who D. from whom26. people think highly of the patience _ he serves the customers. A. of which B. with which C. that D. by which27. I will never forget

34、the day _ I joined the Party.A. when B. at which C. that D. which28. He has not reached the age _ he can marry.A. that B. at which C. by which D. on which29. Tom is the student _ our teacher got angry. A. with who B. to whom C. about whom D. with whom30. When you read the book, youd better make a ma

35、rk _ you have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where31. We expressed the hope _ Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year. A. that B. which C. what D. when32. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, _ didnt help. A. he B. which C. she D. it

36、33. Have you seen the film Titanic, _ leading actor is world famous? A. its B. its C. whose D. which34.The reason _ Im writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday. A. because B. why C. for D. as35. Do you remember one evening a week ago _ I came to your room and borrowed a dictionary? A.

37、 that B. which C. when D. where36.We should learn from those _are always ready to help others.A. who B. whom C. they D. that37.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who _in China. A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working38 .Tom is the only one of the students who _to Shanghai.A.

38、have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone39.I,_your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am40.The old man has two sons, _are lawyers.A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they41.He is a man of great knowledge, _much can be lea

39、rneD. A. in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom42.Do you know the man _just now? A. to who I nodded B. I nodded to C. whom I nodded D. Whom I nodded to him.43.The man _has gone to Japan. A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about44.Please pass me th

40、e dictionary _cover is black.A. which B. its C. whose D. which of45.The radio set _last week has been out of order.A. I bought B. I bought it C. which I bought it D. what I bought46.All the apples _fell down from the tree were eaten op by the pigs.A. which B. / C. that D. they47.I can tell you _he t

41、old me last week. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that48.This is the biggest lab _we have ever built in our university.A. which B. what C. that D. where49.Is oxygen the only gas _helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. what50.Air,_we breathe every day,is around us all the time.A. that

42、B. / C. which D. it51.This is the museum _we saw an exhibition the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. in that52.This museum is _you visited the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. the one53.This is the museum _you saw the other day. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that54.It is the third ti

43、me _late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived55.It was in 1969_the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. in which D. when56.We often think of the days _we spent together on the island. A. when B. which C. in

44、 which D. during which57.Have you ever been to Shanghai, _I left ten years ago?A. where B. which C. that D. when58.He has left Beijing, _a meeting is to be held. A. when B. where C. as D. which59.His father died last year, _made it impossible for him to go abroad. A. when B. which C. as D. that60.Th

45、is is the very place _Im wishing to live in.A. where B. which C. that D. in which61.Is it in that factory _”Red Flag” cars are made?A. in which B. where C. that D. which62.I have bought the same dress _she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D. than63.Can you solve such problems _raised by the audienc

46、e?A. what were B. as were C. that were D. which were64.The reason _he didnt come was _he was injured. A. that, because B. why, that C. why, because D. that, that65.He must be from Africa, _can be seen from his skin.A. that B. as C. it D. what66._is natural, he married Mary. A. It B. What C. Which D.

47、 As67.The buses, _were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of them B. most of which C. which most D. that most68.All_is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which69.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of _had not been cleaned for years.

48、 A. these B. those C. that D. which70.She heard a terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that71.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom72.This is one of the means _the electric energy is con

49、ducted from one place to another.A. by which B. by that C. through which D. through that73.The place _you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.A. in which B. at which C. where D. which74.The last river _they crossed is two miles wide.A. where B. which C. that D. in which75.The Summer Palace is

50、one of the most beautiful parks _built in the Qing Dynasty.A. where were B. where was C. that were D. which was76.The factory _I am going to is the place _my mother used to work many years ago.A. where, where B. where, which C. which, where D. that, which77.Dont trust such men _overpraise you to you

51、r face.A. as B. that C. who D. which78.The professor has two sons, _are teaching in the same university.A. neither of them B. either of them C. both of them D. both of whom79.Dont do such things _you are not sure about.A. that B. which C. as D. what80.Rober is good at language, _we all know. A. beca

52、use B. for C. as D. since81.China has hundreds of islands, _we all know.A. in which B. at which C. of which D. which82.She wrote a letter to her father, _she made her secret known.A. which B. that C. in which D. where83.Oxygen is a kind of gas, _we couldnt live.A. without it B. without that C. witho

53、ut which D. if not84.Matter is anything_ A. that take up space and have weight B. which take up space and have weightC. that takes up space and has weight D. those take up space and have weight85.I have many books, the best _was borrowed by Mary.A. about them B. of which C. among them D. in which86.

54、She showed me the dictionary _she paid a lot of money.A. by which B. to which C. for which D. on which87.Abraham Lincoln is a man _I have the greatest respect.A. who B. to whom C. whom D. for whom88.Edison had one suit _very little money, and which he wore until it was thin.A. which cost B. which co

55、sts C. which was cost D. which has costed89.The people _in the paper did not like it, but other reader liked it very much. A. who was written B. who were written C. who were written about D. whom were written about90.Finally,the thief handed everything _he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C

56、. whatever D. that91.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose92.Mayor will make an inspection of our school on Monday, _you can tell him how hard the situation we are in.A. where B. which C. when D. that93.Ill show you the magazine _I bought the other day.A. who B. that C. what D. whe