大学核心商务英语读写教程4Unit9GlobalizationAndWorldTrade

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1、LOGO,Unit Nine Globalization And World Trade,Business terms,Background information,Introduction to the text,Word and expressions,1,2,3,4,Globalization and Opening Markets in Developing Countries,5,Notes to the text,Text A,The term “globalization” began to be used more commonly in the 1980s, reflecti

2、ng technological advances that made it easier and quicker to complete international transactionsboth trade and financial flows. It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activityvillage markets, urban

3、industries, or financial centers.,Background information,1,Theme of the text Text A, starting from the facts of globalizaiton, text A discusses the features and effects of globalization and opening markets in developing countries. While globalization has a great impact on a variety of aspects in dev

4、eloping countries, ranging from economy to culture, the opening markets in developing countries have also refurbished global economy.,Introduction to the text,2,本文为一篇商务评论，介绍了全球化与发展中国家市场开放的现状，然后从科技、管理和人口的角度分析了全球化与发展中国家市场开放的特点，进而分析全球化和发展中国家开放的市场对于发展中国家，乃至全球经济的影响.。,本文语言正式，出现一些带有从句的长句，从句的频繁使用是商务书面语体的典型特

5、征，它们适合于表达多层次的复杂的逻辑关系，可以充分完整地表达相互关联的意义。另外，文章出现多处被动句，例如，第五段“Capital controls have been trimmed down”。被动句节省了对动词逻辑主语的交代，减少了个人情感色彩，令表达更加客观、正式。,文中还出现了一些较长名词结构，例如第四段“free moving of goods and skilled labor”， 和第五段“Increase in the global tourism and travel”，因为跟其它语言结构相比，名词化结构通常非常简洁，准确，正式和客观，更适合表达复杂和抽象的概念，这些特点符

6、合商务报道的要求。,文体特征分析,Introduction to the text,2,1. Globalization 全球化（Para. 1）: Globalization describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade. The term is sometimes used to refer specifi

7、cally to economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. However, globalization is usually recognized as being driven by a combination of economic, technolog

8、ical, sociocultural, political, and biological factors. The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, or popular culture through acculturation.,Business terms,3,2. Open market 开放性市场 (Para. 1) In a general sense used in economics and political economy, an open market r

9、efers to a market which is accessible to all economic actors. In an open market so defined, all economic actors have an equal opportunity of entry in that market. This contrasts with a protected market in which entry is conditional on certain financial and legal requirements or which is subject to t

10、ariff barriers, taxes, levies or state subsidies which effectively prevent some economic actors from participating in them.,Business terms,3,ere,to make (sth) clean or bright again; redecorate 将（某物）弄干净；使（某物）恢复光亮；重新装饰,The restaurant has been extensively refurbished. 这家饭店进行了彻底的清理装修。,Word and expressio

11、ns,4,(1) refurbish /rf:/ v.,Meaning,Example,ere,total; whole 全部的；整个的；总的,The gross profit of our hotel is about fifty thousand dollars. 我们宾馆这个月的毛利润为五万美元。,Word and expressions,4,(2) gross / adj.,Meaning,Example,ere,difficulty; struggle 困难；斗争,Travelling with so many luggages is a real hassle. 拿那么多行李旅行，

12、真的是件麻烦事。,Word and expressions,4,(3) hassle / n.,Meaning,Example,ere,to make (sb) do sth; force 使（某人）做某事；强迫；使必须,I feel compelled to tell you how much I appreciate your music. 我觉得必须告诉你，我是多么欣赏你的音乐。 His headache compelled him to take a days leave from work and have a rest. 他的头痛迫使他请假休息一天。,Word and expres

13、sions,4,(4) compel / v.,Meaning,Example,ere,inexpensive enough for ordinary people to buy 买得起的,What do you think is the affordable price for the apartment? 你认为这个公寓卖多少钱你能接受？,Word and expressions,4,(5) affordable / adj.,Meaning,Example,ere,to put (sth) into effect; to carry out 使（某事物）生效；履行；实施；贯彻,Wheth

14、er the program will succeed depends largely on how you implement the plans. 项目能否成功，很大程度上取决于你如何实施你的计划。,Word and expressions,4,(6) implement / v.,Meaning,Example,ere,the process of moving to another place or part of the world 迁居；移居；迁徙,Scientists have studied the migration of dolphins over long distanc

15、e. 科学家研究了海豚远距离迁徙的现象。,Word and expressions,4,(7) migration / n.,Meaning,Example,ere,very large in amount or degree 巨大的；大量的,There has been a massive increase in the cost of living recently. 近来生活费大幅上涨。,Word and expressions,4,(8) massive / adj.,Meaning,Example,ere,to suddenly lose a lot of value 突然贬值,Th

16、e price of oil crashed to an all-time low yesterday. 石油价格昨天暴跌到历史最低点。,Word and expressions,4,(9) crash / v.,Meaning,Example,ere,to put sth into operation; cause (sth) to begin 开始实施（计划等）；发起；创始；开始（某事物）,The professor initiated the research in cloning animals. 这位教授首先开始了对于克隆动物的研究。,Word and expressions,4,(

17、10) initiate / v.,Meaning,Example,ere,paying no attention to; heedless of不理会，不顾,The manager signed the contract regardless of the advice of his lawyer. 经理不顾律师的建议，签署了协议。,Word and expressions,4,Meaning,Example,(11) regardless of,(1) Globalization and opening markets in the developing countries have co

18、mpelled the industries to offer the best quality product in affordable prices which is highly beneficial for the global consumers. (Para. 2),本句中，主语是Globalization and opening markets，in the developing countries是后置定语修饰opening markets，which引导的定语从句修饰“the best quality product”。,解析,5,Notes to the text,(2)

19、 First and foremost it has scientific and technological aspects which is comprised of the internet, computer based components as well as bio-engineered food, and the Global Positioning System. (Para. 3),本句中which引导定语从句，其中“the internet, .作of的宾语。动词 comprise(also be comprised of) 意为“to be made up of由.组成

20、；or to be the parts or members that form sth 组成，构成”，例如：The committee is comprised of eleven teachers. 这个委员会由十一名老师组成。/ The elderly comprise a large proportion of the population in this nation. 老年人占这个国家人口的很大一部分。,解析,5,Notes to the text,(3) The second thing is governance where the role of the domestic a

21、nd international legal system and regulating the economy and global corporations is included. (Para. 3),本句中，where引导定语从句修饰governance，在定语从句中，主语是the role, 其后of有两个宾语，分别是“the domestic and international legal system”和“regulating the economy and global corporations”。,解析,The second feature is governance in

22、which globalization should play the role of domestic and international legal system and it should also regulate the economy and global corporations.,释义,5,Notes to the text,(4) Another most important thing is that, the international trade agreement has made it easier for the national as well as trans

23、national companies to gain finance from the foreign countries. (Para. 5),本句中，that 引导的从句作表语，从句中“made it easier.”的it是形式上的宾语，真正的宾语是to gain finance from the foreign countries。,解析,Another most important thing is that both the national and transnational companies will get easier access to foreign investme

24、nt as a result of international trade agreement.,释义,5,Notes to the text,(5) Apart from business and culture, the field of sports also has been significantly influenced by globalization and opening markets in developing countries. (Para. 6),本句中apart from意为“except for, or in addition to除了”，例如：Apart fr

25、om the last chapter, I have finished reading the whole book. 除了最后一章，那本书我已经看完了。,解析,5,Notes to the text,Business terms,Background information,Introduction to the text,Word and expressions,1,2,3,4,Cooperation and Competition in Negotiation,5,Notes to the text,Text B,Geelys acquisition of Volvo from For

26、d Motors has been heralded as a breakthrough for Chinas auto industry. It gives one of its most ambitious automakers a well-known, prestigious global brand and access to top-tier technology. Volvo is Swedens iconic car brand. Geely first proposed the acquisition of Volvo, to Ford in January 2008. Th

27、en as the US auto industry crisis deepened, Ford decided to sell and focus on its core brands. in October, 2009, after hampering other international competitors, Geely was designated as the preferred bidder. Three months of negotiations ensued. The two sides signed the deal in March,2010 under which

28、 Geely would pay 1.8 billion U.S. dollars in exchange for all shares in Volvo,Background information,1,吉利,沃尔沃,Background information,1,Theme of the text Text B is a case analysis of acquisitionGeely Automotive Groups $1.8 Billion acquisition of Volvo from Ford, which has drawn global attention and i

29、s interpreted as an ambitious move toward Chinas global strategy into the world automotive market. Former lessons and confronting challenges are both analyzed in this text.,Introduction to the text,2,本文为一则商务评论，介绍了中国的吉利汽车集团耗资18亿美元从福特公司收购沃尔沃，并分析以往汽车集团合并失败的原因。进而，分析了吉利所面临的挑战。,吉利收购沃尔沃被比作是一场婚姻，比喻得恰如其分，文章以

30、此作为题目，吸引读者兴趣，令一篇商务评论由此变得趣味横生。尽管如此，本文仍然保持商务评论的文体特征，用词较为正式，多处使用被动句。,此外，文章在第九段使用了高值情态动词must，以此强调吉利汽车集团面临挑战的紧迫性。文章最后一段“With proper attention to the process of post-acquisition integration, and by addressing the immediate challenges, Geely could .”，with和by后接较长的名词结构作状语，使表达更严谨准确，其中较长的名词性结构也符合商务文体简洁、正式、客观的要

31、求。,文体特征分析,Introduction to the text,2,1. Acquisition 收购 (Para. 1)： A corporate action in which a companybuysmost, if not all, ofthe target companys ownership stakes in order to assume control of the target firm.Acquisitions are often paid in cash, the acquiring companys stock or a combination of both

32、. Acquisitions can be either friendly or hostile. In either case,the acquiring company often offers a premium on the market price of thetarget companys shares in order to entice shareholders to sell.,Business terms,3,2. Strategic Alignment 战略联盟 (Para. 4)： Strategic alignment refers to business struc

33、ture and information technology fit in relation to business strategy and external environment. When alignment is attained firm gains competitive advantage and increase performance.,Business terms,3,3. Culture shock 文化冲击 (Para. 8): Culture shock is the difficulty people have adjusting to a new cultur

34、e that differs markedly from their own The shock of moving to a foreign country often consists of distinct phases, though not everyone passes through these phases and not everyone is in the new culture long enough to pass through all five. There are no fixed symptoms ascribed to culture shock as eac

35、h person is affected differently.,Business terms,3,ere,to be a member of a group of people and act or speak on their behalf at an event, a meeting, etc.代表,It is universally believed that maple can represent Canada. 人们普遍认为，枫叶代表了加拿大。,Word and expressions,4,(1) represent v.,Meaning,Example,ere,determin

36、ed to be successful, rich, powerful, etc. 有野心的; 有雄心的,The ambitious manager decided he would acquire the company next year. 那个雄心勃勃的经理决定明年收购那家公司。,Word and expressions,4,(2) ambitious adj.,Meaning,Example,ere,to happen or to make sth happen faster or earlier than expected (使)加速,The truck accelerated to

37、 overtake the car ahead of it. 那辆卡车加速超过它前面的汽车。 The policy will definitely accelerate the reform of the industy. 这项政策必然会推动这个行业的改革。,Word and expressions,4,(3) accelerate v.,Meaning,Example,ere,not the same不一样的；不同的；相似的,I cant tell the difference of these wines and I think they are not dissimilar. 我尝不出这

38、些酒有什么区别，我觉得它们没什么不同。,Word and expressions,4,(4) dissimilar adj.,Meaning,Example,ere,arrangement in a straight line排成直线；arrangement in groups 联盟,Many people in the company doubted that the alignment with another company would not bring any substantial benefit to them. 公司里有些人怀疑，跟另外一家公司的联盟不会给他们带来实质性的利益。

39、,Word and expressions,4,(5) alignment n.,Meaning,Example,ere,principles or reasons which explain a particular decision, course of action, belief, etc. 基本原理；根本原因,What is the rationale behind your decision? 你决定的理论依据是什么？,Word and expressions,4,(6) rationale n.,Meaning,Example,ere,existing in material f

40、orm 实体的，具体的；definite, positive确实的，明确的,Dont keep complaining. Please offer some concrete suggestions. 别再抱怨了！请提点具体的建议。,Word and expressions,4,(7) concrete adj.,Meaning,Example,ere,the action of keeping sth rather than losing it or stopping it 保持，维持，保留；ability to remember things 记忆力,The training and re

41、tention of the staff is far from satisfactory in the company. 这家公司的员工培训和留用工作远远不能让人满意。 The little boy shows an amazing retention of figures. 那个小男孩显示出对数字的惊人记忆力。,Word and expressions,4,(8) retention n.,Meaning,Example,ere,the process of doing sth 办理，处理；a piece of business 交易，业务；(pl.) lectures and discu

42、ssions held at the meetings of an adademic society 学术团体的报告会，讨论会,It is observed that payments by credit card outnumber cash transaction. 据观察，用信用卡付款的数量大大超过了现金交易。 The professor attended the transactions of applied linguistics. 教授参加了应用语言学的报告会。,Word and expressions,4,(9) transaction n.,Meaning,Example,er

43、e,forceful and having a lot of energy 强有力的，充满活力的,The old lady, though nearly seventy, is very dynamic and often serves in the community. 这位老妇人，尽管年近七十，还是很有活力，还经常去社区服务。,Word and expressions,4,(10) dynamic adj.,Meaning,Example,ere,to think about a problem or a situation and decide how to deal with it 设

44、法解决，处理；(formal) to say sth directly to sb 向某人说话,We must address ourselves to the problem of air pollution. 我们必须设法解决空气污染问题。 A good speaker will be well prepared before addressing the audience. 一个好的演讲者应该在向听众演讲前做好准备工作。,Word and expressions,4,(11) address v.,Meaning,Example,ere,to change the form of sth

45、使改观，转变,The small grocery store has been transformed from a family business into a transnational corporation. 那家小小的杂货店由原来的家族产业变成了一个跨国公司。,Word and expressions,4,(12) transform.into,Meaning,Example,(1) Zhejiang Geely Automotive Groups $1.8 Billion acquisition of Volvo from Ford represents the most ambi

46、tious action to date for a Chinese vehicle manufacturer to accelerate the process of transforming into a global automotive player. (Para. 1),本句主语是acquisition, 其他结构为：谓语动词是represents，宾语 the most ambitious action。介词短语of transforming into a global automotive player是process的后置定语。短语to date意为“until now迄今为止

47、”，例如：To date, we have received nearly 50 application forms. 我们至今已经收到将近50份申请表。,解析,5,Notes to the text,(2) The idea of sharing any product, technology, or even resources used in the development or distribution of the product was viewed as a risk of compromising the value proposition of the brands. (Pa

48、ra. 5),本句的主语The idea，其后是后置定语“of sharing.the product”, 其中，used in the development or distribution of the product是后置定语修饰resources。本句的谓语是 was viewed as.。动词compromise意为“to give up some of your demands after dispute with sb in order to reach an agreement 折衷，让步”，例如：I refuse to sign on the contract because

49、 I dont want to compromise my principles. 我拒绝在合约上签字，因为我不想在自己的原则上妥协。,解析,5,Notes to the text,(3) The only functions that were integrated were the Financial Services division and several corporate staffs, while meaningful integration of the core automotive business was never established as a concrete t

50、arget. (Para. 6),句中that were integrated作后置定语修饰the only functions, while 引导的是对比从句，介词短语of the core automotive business是后置定语修饰从句中的主语integration。,解析,The integration only involves the Financial Services division and several corporate staffs, and the integration of core value of automotive business turns

51、out to be neglected.,释义,5,Notes to the text,(4) While it may be difficult to avoid it completely, it is critical to plan for the retention of the key leadership, or company performance and employee morale will suffer. (Para. 7),句中while意为“although尽管“，引导让步状语从句，本句真正主语是“to plan for the retention of the

52、key leadership”，it is critical中的it是形式主语。Or此处为连词，意为“otherwise否则，要不然”。,解析,Although it may be difficult to keep the key leaders from leaving, it is of great importance to work out a plan to make the leaders stay in the company, otherwise it will lead to the decline of company performance and the spirit

53、 of the employees.,释义,5,Notes to the text,(5) Bridging the huge gap between Volvos traditional European management mode and Geelys dynamic family business mode will be particularly challenging to keep independence of Volvo operations. (Para. 10),句中作主语的是一个动名词组bridging the gap between.and.，意为“to reduc

54、e the difference between two things减少分歧，弥合差距”，例如：The exhibition is an attempt to bridge the gap between different cultures. 这个展览试图弥合不同文化之间的差异。,解析,If the operations of Volvo is kept independently, it will be very difficult and demanding to reduce the difference between the totally different managemen

55、t modes, Volvos traditional European management mode and Geelys family business mode.,释义,5,Notes to the text,Business terms,Background information,Introduction to the text,Word and expressions,1,2,3,4,Negotiating with Wal-Mart,5,Notes to the text,Text C,With todays busy lifestyles, there is less tim

56、e for proper meals during lunch breaks, and so people tend to snack more. Also, on the supply side, the producers have helped to stimulate growth in the market by bringing out new products and by using intensive advertising to keep consumers interested in the market. So people snack even more! Data

57、reveals consumers between 18 and 24 years old spend the highest percentage of their income on snacks and nonalcoholic beverages, followed by consumers between ages 25 and 34 and 35 and 44, respectively. Frito Lay products are made available to the general public through various, integrated marketing

58、 initiatives. Its value proposition of bold flavor and loud image, coupled with competitive prices, is the marketing driver behind Frito Lay.,Background information,1,Theme of the text Text C introduces how Frito-Lay manages to gain world wide popularity and what efforts they have made to push their

59、 products into a new country.,Introduction to the text,2,本商务语篇为一则商务评论，介绍了菲多利如何以一种全球化的理念，针对不同国家的特点，因地制宜采取不同经销策略，将其公司业务推向世界。,本文在介绍菲多利如何推销其产品时，列举了一些国家的例子，例如土耳其，荷兰，南非，中国等等，而且必要时还提供了具体数据，例如，第八段 “In China, sales director Jackson Chiu raised sales by 57 percent in one year.”, 这些例子和数据使得文章真实、客观，令人信服。,本文条理清楚，

60、语言较为正式，例如第四段的hone，第五段的短语in the hope of ，第七段penetrate等等。文章还出现多处被动句，被动句的使用降低个人情感因素，使得语言更加正式、客观；而较长的定语从句能够体现复杂的逻辑关系，使得意义表达更清晰、准确。此外，简洁的名词结构也是商务评论的文体特征之一，例如，第五段“the preferred local snack”等等。,文体特征分析,Introduction to the text,2,1. Frito-Lay 菲多利 (Para. 1): Frito-Lay North America (FLNA) is a division of Pep

61、siCo, Inc. which manufactures, markets and sells a variety of corn chips, potato chips and other snack foods. FLNA is headquartered in Texas and the companys current form is the result of a 1965 merger of Frito-Lay, Inc. and the Pepsi-Cola Company, which resulted in the formation of PepsiCo, Inc. Pr

62、oducts sold under the Frito-Lay name are now recorded by two PepsiCo divisions: Frito-Lay North America (North American sales) and PepsiCo International (international sales).,Business terms,3,2. Economic imperialism 经济侵略 (Para. 9): Economic imperialism refers to the domination of small countries by

63、 large multinational corporations or by other states which are economically more powerful,Business terms,3,ere,to cause sth /sb to absorb a lot of sth; fill sth/sb completely with sth使.大量吸收或充满.,His shirts was completely saturated in the heavy rain. 大雨将他的衬衫淋透了。 The market is saturated with a diversit

64、y of books. 琳琅满目的书籍充斥着市场。,Word and expressions,4,(1) saturate streit v.,Meaning,Example,ere,introducing or using new ideas, ways of doing sth, etc. 引进新思想，创新的，革新的,The development of science and technology demands innovative ideas. 科技发展需要创新的思想。,Word and expressions,4,(2) innovative inuveitiv adj.,Mean

65、ing,Example,ere,to make a blade sharp or sharper 磨（刀）；to develop and improve sth especially a skill over a period of time 磨炼，训练（尤指技艺）,Taking part in the speech contest can help me hone my speaking skills. 参加演讲比赛能够锻炼我的演讲技巧。,Word and expressions,4,Meaning,Example,(3) hone hun v.,to recognize or show that two things are not the same 区分，区别；to treat people or things in a different way, especially in an unfair way（尤指不公正地）差别对待，