名词与主谓一致

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1、名词与主谓一致（一）分类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词（二）转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换抽象化(抽象名词，不可数名词)个体名词(可数)in flower开花a flower一朵花儿youth青春a youth年轻人success成功a success成功的人或事物质名词与个体名词的相互转换物质名词(不可数)具体化(个体名词，可数名词)iron铁an iron熨斗glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯chicken鸡肉a chicken小鸡抽象名词与个体名词的转换抽象名词(不可数)具体化(个体名词，可数名词)in surprise 惊讶

2、地a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事win success 获得成功a success 一个(件)成功的人(事)win honor 赢得荣誉an honor 一个(件)引以为荣的人(事)Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母.a failure 一个(件)失败的人(事)have pity on sb. 怜悯某人a pity 可惜的事情with pleasure 乐意a pleasure 乐事可数名词有单数和复数的变化，而单复数的变化又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。分 类变化方法举 例规则变化单数名词词尾直接加-sboy boys pen pens以

3、s，x ，ch，sh结尾的单词一般加-esglassglasses boxboxes watchwatches brushbrushes特例：stomach stomachs以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”babybabies lady ladies注意：penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence（便士的钱数） pennies(便士的枚数)以“o”结尾的多数加-sradios zoos photos pianos kilos tobaccos而下列名词的复数却要加-es：tomato tomatoes potato potatoes hero heroes以“f”或

4、“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-eswifewives self selves特例：handkerchiefhandkerchiefs gulfgulfs beliefbeliefs不规则变化改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men woman-women foot-feet goose-geese mouse-mice特例：child-children单复数相同sheep deer means（方法） works（作品、工厂、著作）合成名词变成复数的情况：将主体名词变为复数无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数将两部分都变为复数sons-in-law looke

5、rs-on passers-by story-tellers boy friendsgrown-ups housewives stopwatcheswomen singers men servants在熟悉以上规则的基础上，特别注意以下几点：1.注意以下名词数的概念以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news, the United States集合名词：表示一类事物的集合或总称，没有复数形式machinery, furniture, equipment, technology

6、, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence单数和复数形式表达不同的意思custom风俗，习惯customs海关 damage损害damages赔偿金good好处，利益goods货物 time时间times时代，次数，倍数fish 鱼肉fishes 各种鱼 paper 纸papers 试卷，文件water 水waters 水域 room 空间rooms 房间time 时间times 时代 arm 手臂arms 武器有些抽象名词有时以复数形式出现，表示具体化，意义发生变化或构成固定短语。use ones brains动脑筋 meet with difficulti

7、es遇到各种困难make preparations做准备 in high spirits 情绪高涨good manners有礼貌 Many thanks.非常感谢。No pains, no gains.不劳无获。 congratulations祝贺possessions所有物，财产 surroundings环境有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。burst into tears 大哭起来 miles of golden sands 绵延几英里的金黄色沙滩burn to ashes 烧成灰烬形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义people, police, cattle, staf

8、f, public, theadj.(the rich富人), the 分词(the wounded伤员)2.集体名词的数family, team, audience, class, club, committee, crowd, group, enemy, cattle, government, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff等集体名词注意其主谓一致，一般来说，视为整体时作单数看待，侧重其成员时则作复数看待。The enemy has suffered heavy losses.The enemy are in

9、flight.名词所有格的规则如下：名词词尾加s，如the boys bag, mens room。若名词已有复数词尾“s”，只加 “”。如：the workers struggle。由of构成的所有格：无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构。如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。在熟悉以上规则的基础上，特别注意以下几点：1.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有“s”，则表示“分别有”；只有一个“s”，则表示“共有”。Johns and Marys rooms(分

10、别拥有的房间)John and Marys room(共有的一间)2.“s”所有格的特殊表达形式用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后。todays newspaper, five minutes walk(drive)，five pounds weight, ten dollars worth of apples。用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。the earths plant, the worlds population, Chinas industry, New Yorks parks。表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop，house等名词。the tailors

11、 裁缝店，the barbers理发店，go to the doctors上诊所。3.双重所有格：of 名词s(或+名词性物主代词)a friend of Toms some/two students of mine尤其是在表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时常常用这种结构。of 所修饰的名词前通常有指示代词that/this/these/those，但不能用the。That invention of hers belongs to the world.她的那项发明是属于全世界的。(表赞赏)注意：当of 之前的名词是picture, portrait等词时含义不同：This is a pictur

12、e of my friends.这是我朋友收藏的一幅画。This is a picture of my friend.这是我朋友的一张照片。名词作定语是现代英语较为简洁的修饰语表达方式，根据习惯搭配可归为以下几类：1.表示中心词的用途、功能、材料stone figures石像，shoe shop鞋店，coffee cup咖啡杯2.表示中心词的时间、地点、称呼。summer holidays暑假，school education学校教育，evening dress晚礼服注意：表具体的时间名词作定语，则要用所有格结构来表达。yesterdays news昨天的消息 an hours drive开车

13、一小时的路程3.表示中心词的类别、对象、身份。bike key自行车的钥匙，animal trainer驯兽师，woman driver女驾驶员4.表示中心词的内容computer studies电脑学习，weather report天气预报，film industry电影工业5.表示部 分与整体的关系river banks河岸，animal bones动物骨头，cigarette ends烟头名词作定语时的特别注意点：名词作定语时，一般用其单数形式，且不随后面的名词的单复数产生变化two pencil boxes, girl friends, a seven-year-old boy但是，少

14、数的名词作定语却用复数形式。sports shoes 运动鞋 clothes shops 服装店a sales girl女销售员 a greetings card 贺卡man和woman作定语要注意其单复数形式的变化a man doctormen doctors; a woman engineerwomen engineers名词作定语和所有格作定语的区别。the girl friend女朋友the girls friend那位女孩的朋友the woman driver女司机the womans driver那位妇女的司机名词作定语和形容词作定语的区别名词作定语主要说明物质的材料、来源或对象；

15、形容词作定语主要起修饰、限定的作用。gold watch金表 golden sunshine金色的阳光heart trouble心脏病 hearty welcome热忱的欢迎convenience food快餐 convenient food制作方便的食品名词是英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。综合近几年高考对名词的考查，单项填空题中，每年都出现12道题。此外，在阅读理解和完形填空中，名词的一词多义、熟词新意也经常涉及。因此，在备考中一定要结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法等。We always keep _ spare paper, in cas

16、e we ran out.A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many【解析】答案为C。“paper”作为“纸”解释时为不可数名词，所以先排除B和D两个选项。根据题意“我们总是准备充足的备用纸张，以防用光。”选择答案C。too much意为“太多”尽管修饰不可数名词，但用在这儿不符合题意。The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _ pictures of them.A. many of B. masses of C.

17、the number of D. a large amount of【解析】答案为B。【解析】答案为masses of意为“大量的”既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词；the number of意为“的数量”；a large amount of意为“大量的”后接不可数名词；“many of”后接前面带有定冠词的名词，意为“中的许多”。The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk.A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours【解析】答案为D。“walk, r

18、ide, drive”等用做名词可用来表示一般距离，其用法结构为：“时间名词的所有格+这些名词”。The_ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A. bicycles shop B .bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D bicycl es shop【解析】答案为B。表示什么样的商店要用单数名词修饰“shop”。He dropped the _and broke it.A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup【解析】答案为D。

19、coffeecup意为“咖啡杯”是指“用来喝咖啡的杯子”。名词作定语修饰名词。一是考查语义方面的辨析：主要考查某些多义词在特定上下文中的引申含义,以及准确辨别一些同义、近义词在特定语境中的差异的能力。Most air pollution is caused by the burning of_ _ like coal, gas and oil.A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products【解析】答案为A。由题干中的“coal，gas，oil”可知都是燃料，故正确答案A项意为“燃料”。articles意为“物品”；goods意为“货物、商品”；product

20、s意为“产品”。To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten,the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ”.A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices【解析】答案为D。由语境可知，此处指人类的语言，而语言是人类说的声音，因此用“voices”。Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry. This is not the right to invite me. I am too tired to wal

21、k.A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance【解析】答案为A。句意：“我们出去散散步好吗？”“对不起，这不是邀请我的合适的时间，我太累了而不想去散步。”moment意为“某一时刻，片刻”；situation意为“情形，状况”；place意为“地方”；chance意为“机会”。The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly .A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon【解析】答案为A。句意：这两个国家的最高领导

22、人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere意为“气氛，氛围”；state意为“状态”；situation意为“形势，局面”；phenomenon意为“现象”。Whats the of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for awhile?A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion【解析】答案为A。本题所设的语境是：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？sense意为“意义、意识”；matter意为“问题，麻

23、烦”；case意为“情况，问题”；opinion意为“意见，看法”。四个选项中只有A项符合语境。二是考查搭配方面的辨析：主要考查固定句型中的名词、名词与动词的搭配以及名词与介词的搭配等。The young man made a _to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution【解析】答案为B。句意：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make a promise意为“许诺、答应”其后的

24、“that”从句为同位语从句，补充说明先行词“promise”的内容，其它选项不合句意。I bought a dress for only 2010 dollars in a sale; it was a real .A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business【解析】答案为B。bargain用作名词时，意为“廉价货，便宜货”，a real bargain意为“真便宜”。It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. use B. help C. time D. w

25、ay【解析】答案为A。“it is no use后接动词+ing形式”或“动词+ing形式短语”表示“做某事没有用”。I have read the material several times but it doesnt make any _ to me.A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance【解析】答案为C。因为make sense意为“有意义、讲得通、有道理”是固定习语。Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within _ of little children.A. han

26、d B. reach C. space D. distance【解析】答案为B。within ones reach意为“伸手拿（够）得到”，是习语。在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近（远）一致原则等三个方面。一、语法一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语用复数。具体表现如下：1.不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。某些以s结尾的单数名词作主语，仍视为单数。No news is good news.His task was to collect information

27、.How much machinery has been installed?2.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been decided yet.3. “ one, either, neither, each of 复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语用单数。Either of the stories is very funny.4.something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one

28、 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。Nothing is impossible.5.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten pounds was missing from the box.6. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。This pair of glasses is very expensive.Two series of new stamps have been ordered.7.a number of 复数名词，“

29、许多”，复数意义；the number of 复数名词，“的数目”，单数意义。the population of“的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，谓语则用复数。the average of“的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.The population of China is l

30、arge and most of the population are farmers.8.主语后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。)Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.9.“the adj.”结构指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如果指个别人或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。The dis

31、abled are well taken care of in this country.The dead in this accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University.The new is certain to replace the old.10.分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。The rest of the workers are still very tired.11.当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同

32、一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数， 那么谓语动词也应该用复数。War and peac e is a constant theme in history.Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安bread and butter黄油面包 a watch and chain 一块带链的表a knife and fork 一副

33、刀叉 a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真诚12.what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.13.such 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.14.quantities of 名词作主语时，不论名词是

34、复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。a quantity of 名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数。a quantity of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。amounts of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。an amount of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Every day quantities of water are wasted. A large amount of damage has been done because of the floods.二、逻辑意义一致原则1.every /each/no 名词and every/ each/ no 名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Ever

35、y boy and every girl is having sports now.2.“one 单数名词and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。One apple and a half was on the table.3.“more than one 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。More than one student has failed the exam.4.“many a 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Many a child was playing there.【注意】以上四种情况，如果从意义上来讲，主语有复数意义，但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的，故谓语

36、用单数形式，谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。三、就近（远）一致原则1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, notbut； eitheror， neithernor， not onlybut also 等。Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.2.在倒装句中谓语可与后面最近的一个主语一致。In the d

37、istance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.3.当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class.4.当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。Here is a pen, a

38、few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.5.在定语从句中，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，依先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数形式；在“one of复数名词who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，从句中的动词用复数形式；但是之前有the (only)等修饰语时，则从句中的动词用单数形式。Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.6.主语后面跟有“with, together with, except, but, like, as wel

39、l as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to”等引起的短语，谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She like you and Tom, is very tall.The

40、 girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the Johnsons.A. are B. is C. being D. to be【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是主语从句通常看作不可数，“most of”修饰主语从句依然是不可数，谓语动词应该用单数形式。one, ei

41、ther, neither, each等+of+复数名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to goto university.So do I.A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是“each”，“of the students”作后置定语，修饰“each”。由and连接并列主语时的主谓一致Di d you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the a

42、rea _invited.A. were B. have been C. has been D. was【解析】答案为D。主语是“every boy and girl”表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择“was”。A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】答案为A。此题中“and”连接的第二个名词“artist”前没有加冠词，说明指的是

43、同一个人，应为单数。定语从句中的主谓一致He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. are C. have been D. has been【解析】答案为D。“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”中的先行词是“the only one”，定语从句中谓语动词用单数形式，又结合时间状语“for three years“可知应使用现在完成时。quantities of+名词作主语时的主谓一致With more forests being destr

44、oyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year.A. is washing away B. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away【解析】答案为D。一般讲“quantities of“不论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the number of与a number of的区别As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_ rising these days.A. was kee

45、ping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping【解析】答案为C。在“the number of +复数名词”中主语是“the number（数量）”，谓语动词用单数，根据语境，应使用现在时。Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry.A. is working B. works C. work D. worked【解析】答案为C。a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数，根据语境和时间状语Nowada

46、ys可知应使用一般现在时。分数、百分数作主语时的主谓一致The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】答案为D。“one-third”是指“20台笔记本中的三分之一”，表示复数意义；根据语境，前后是今昔对比的描述，空格处应使用过去时。【答案】_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and

47、 grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are【解析】答案为C。分子大于“1”时，作分母的序数词要用复数形式，并且分数修饰的是不可数名词“land”，谓语动词用单数形式。倒装句中的主谓一致At the foot of the mountain _.A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village【解析】答案为B。这是一个全部倒装的句子，主语是“a village”。On top of

48、the books _the photo album youre looking for.A. is B. are C. has D. have【解析】答案为A。作表语的介词短语放在句首时，使用全部倒装语序，句子的真正主语不是“books”，而是“the photo album”。表示抽象概念的名词或词组作主语时的主谓一致A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.A. show; are B. shows; is C. show;

49、 is D. shows; are【解析】答案为B。主句中的主语是“A survey”为单数，后有“of”短语作定语分隔；从句中的主语是“threehours”，是表示时间段的名词词组，看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。一些单复数形式相同的名词如作主语时的主谓一致Every possible means _to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used【解析】C。答案为“means”前有“every”修饰，说明是单

50、数；根据语境，此处应使用现在完成时，表示对现在造成的结果或影响。由连词“or， eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also，whetheror”等连接并列主语时的主谓一致（遵循就近一致原则）Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand outWe live day by day, but in the grea

51、t things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.A. is B. are C. has been D. have been【解析】答案为A。主语“time”和谓语动词之间插入了“of”短语作定语来迷惑考生，必须分析句子成分和结构才能慧眼识别出主语为“the time”。The father as well as his three children _ska ting on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going【解析】答案为C。本题的主语是“father”，“as well as”短语是插入成分，其后的名词不是主语的一部分。2009年1.（天津卷） Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late .A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure【答案】C【解析】句意：我试图打破起床太晚这个习惯。 Tradition表示“传统”；convenience表示“