医学生理学英语单词

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1、internal environment内环境homeostasis稳态negative feedback负反馈positive feedback正反馈simple diffusion单纯扩散facilitated diffusion via ion channel经通道易化扩散facilitated diffusion via carrier经载体易化扩散primary active transport原发性主动转运secondary active transport继发性主动转运exocytosis出胞endocytosis入胞resting potential静息电位hyperpolar

2、ization超极化polarization极化depolarization去极化overshoot超射repolarization复极spike potential锋电位threshold阈值salutatory conduction跳跃式传导threshold potential阈电位local potential局部电位spatial summation空间总和temporal summation时间总和excitation兴奋excitability兴奋性excitation-contraction coupling兴奋收缩耦联absolute refractory period绝对不

3、应期relative refractory period相对不应期supranormal period超常期subnormal period低常期end-plate potential终板电位calcium induced Ca release钙触发钙释放performance of contraction收缩效能isometric contraction等长收缩isotonic contraction等张收缩preload前负荷initial length初长度optimal initial length最适初长度afterload后负荷contractility肌肉收缩能力tetanus强

4、直收缩cardiac cycle心动周期period of isovolumic contraction 等容收缩期end-diastolic volume 舒张末期容积ejection fraction 射血分数cardiac output 心输出量cardiac index 心指数stroke work 每搏功heterometric regulation异长调节ventricular compliance 心室顺应性homometric regulation 等长调节cardiac reserve心力储备autorhythmicity 自动节律性inward rectifier K+ c

5、hannel 内向整流钾通道transient outward current 一过性外向电流plateau 平台期delayed rectifier K+ current 延迟整流钾流myocardial contractility 心肌收缩能力maximal repolarization potential 最大复极电位pacemaker current 起搏电流latent pacemaker 潜在起搏点conductivity 传导性preferential pathway 优势传导通路atrioventricular delay 房-室延搁electrocardiogram 心电图m

6、ean circulatory filling pressure 循环系统平均充盈压peripheral resistance 外周阻力systolic pressure 收缩压diastolic pressure 舒张压central venous pressure 中心静脉压transmural pressure 跨壁压microcirculation 微循环effective filtration pressure 有效滤过压positive chronotropic action 正性变时作用negative dromotropic action 负性变传导作用positive ino

7、tropic action 正性变力作用cardiac vagal tone 心迷走紧张sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone 交感缩血管紧张cardiovascular center 心血管中枢baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射buffer nerve 缓冲神经chemoreceptor 化学感受器renin-angiotensin system肾素-血管紧张素系统epinephrine, adrenaline肾上腺素interstitial fluid 组织液coronary circulation 冠脉循环compensatory pause

8、代偿间歇premature systole (extrasystole)期前收缩arterial pulse动脉脉搏overdrive suppression 超速驱动压抑hemodynamics 血流动力学arteriovenous shunt 短路血管（动-静脉短路）bradykinin缓激肽respiration呼吸pulmonary ventilation 肺通气inspiration吸气expiration呼气eupnea平静呼吸dyspnea呼吸困难abdominal breathing腹式呼吸thoracic breathing胸式呼吸pneumothorax气胸specific

9、 compliance 比顺应性intrapleural pressure胸膜腔内压elastic resistance弹性阻力surfactant表面活性物质alveolar ventilation肺泡通气量intrapulmonary pressure肺内压tidal volume潮气量vital capacity肺活量minute ventilation volume 每分通气量forced vital capacity用力肺活量physiological dead space生理无效腔ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气/血流比值oxygen capacity氧

10、容量oxygen content氧含量oxygen dissociation curve氧离曲线carbaminohemoglobin氨基甲酸血红蛋白Bohr effect波尔效应oxygen saturation氧饱和度carbonic anhydrase碳酸酐酶respiratory center呼吸中枢pneumotaxic center呼吸调整中枢pulmonary stretch reflex肺牵张反射digestion消化 mechanical digestion 机械性消化 chemical digestion 化学性消化absorption吸收slow wave慢波basic

11、electrical rhythm，BER基本电节律intrinsic nervous system内在神经系统extrinsic nervous system外来神经系统gastrointestinal hormone（gut hormone）胃肠激素pepsinogen胃蛋白酶原gastric mucosal barrier胃黏膜屏障intrinsic factor内因子gastrin胃泌素receptive relaxation容受性舒张gastric emptying胃的排空migrating motor complex，MMC移行性复合运动segmental motility分节运动

12、enterogastric reflex肠胃反射peristalsis蠕动trophic action 营养作用energy metabolism能量代谢thermal equivalent of food食物的热价thermal equivalent of oxygen食物的氧热价respiratory quotient， RQ呼吸商non-protein respiratory quotient， NPRQ非蛋白呼吸商specific dynamic effect特殊动力效应basal metabolism rate， BMR基础代谢率body temperature体温set point

13、调顶点nephron肾单位juxtaglomerular apparatus球旁器macula densa致密斑tubuloglomerular feedback管球反馈glomerulotubular balance球管平衡glomerular filtration rate， GFR肾小球滤过率filtration fraction， FF滤过分数filtration equilibrium滤过平衡 renal threshold for glucose肾糖阈osmotic diuresis渗透性利尿water diuresis水利尿clearance清除率reabsorption重吸收r

14、enal plasma flow，RPF肾血浆流量vasa rectaU直小血管receptor感受器adequate stimulus适宜刺激receptor potencial感受器电位reduced eye简化眼visual acuity视敏度near point of vision近点myopia近视hyperopia远视astigmatism散光rod cell视杆细胞cone cell视锥细胞dark adaptation暗适应light adaptation明适应visual field视野Cochlear micro-phonic potential耳蜗微音器电位trophic

15、 action 神经的营养性作用functional action神经的功能性作用 axoplasmic transport轴浆运输Postsynaptic potential突触后电位Excitatory postsynaptic potential兴奋性突触后电位Inhibitory postsynaptic potential抑制性突触后电位 postsynaptic inhibition突触后抑制presynaptic inhibition突触前抑制 Afferent collateral inhibition传入侧支性抑制Recurrent inhibition回返性抑制varico

16、sity)曲张体neurotransmitter神经递质neuromodulator神经调质receptor受体one way conduction单向传播central delay中枢延搁Sensory Projection System感觉投射系统Specific Projection System特异性投射系统Non-specific Projection System非特异性投射系统Ascending reticular activating system脑干网状结构上行激动系统sensory column感觉柱referred pain牵涉痛cortical evoked poten

17、tial皮层诱发电位Electroencephalogram脑电图 electrocorticogram皮层电图 slow wave sleep慢波睡眠fast wave sleep快波睡眠motor unit运动单位stretch reflex牵张反射muscle tonus肌紧张tendon reflex腱反射muscle spindle 肌梭tendon organ腱器官moter column运动柱spinal shock脊休克spinal animal脊动物decerebrate animal去大脑动物decerebrate rigidity去大脑僵直vestibulocerebel

18、lum前庭小脑spinocerebellum脊髓小脑cerebrocerebellum皮层小脑intention tremor意向性震颤static tremor 静止性震颤biorhythm生物节律defense reaction防御反应loss of mrmory遗忘feeding center摄食中枢satiety center饱中枢endocrine内分泌 permissiveness action允许作用 hypothalamic regulatory peptides下丘脑调节肽 human growth hormone 生长激素 thyroid hormones甲状腺激素 parathyroid hormone甲状旁腺激素 calcitonin降钙素 insulin胰岛素 glucocorticoids糖皮质激素 cortisol皮质醇 stress应激 somatomedin生长素介质 prolactin催乳素 oxytocin缩宫素 insulinlike growth factor胰岛素样生长因子