高中英语特训-语法

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1、动词的时态 时间 状态一般进行完成完成进行现在过去将来过去将来一、一般现在时1. 表示经常、普通的动作或状态 T(时间) nowHe often goes to see his grandfather.表示客观事实或真理The earth moves round the sun.Heat rises按时刻表发生的动作(飞机/火车/轮船/学校/商店等)用现在时代替将来时The shop opens at 8:00.The tides advance；the tides recede. Winter goes and summer comes. Summer wanes and cold incr

2、eases. The sun rises; the sun sets. The moon is full; the moon is black. The birds arrive; the birds depart. Flowers bloom; flowers fade. All nature is a circle of moods and I am part of nature and so, like the tides, my mood will rise; my mood will fall.2. 表示广义现在 I am a teacher. T(时间)3. 一般现在时表示将来例：

3、Well start the class as soon as the teacher comes.错误：Well start the class as soon as the teacher will come.在时间（when/ while/ as/ before/ after/ until/ the time/ the moment）、条件（if/ unless/ once）和让步（whatever/ however）状语从句中，一般用现在时代替将来时。1. When will you come to see me, Dad? I will go to see you when you

4、_ the training course.A. will have finished B. will finish C.are finishing D. finish2. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as he _. A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving3. Would you please give him this message the moment he _? A. arrives B. arrive

5、d C. will arrive D. will be arriving4. The professor _ his son to watch TV until his son has finished reviewing his lessons. A. will be allowed B. wont allow C. will allow D. wont be allowed5. Will you go now? Not until I _ my experiments. A. have finished B. will finish C. will have finished D. had

6、 finished二、现在进行时（狭义现在、动感）1. 表示现在某时刻正在进行的动作 T(时间) now2. 表示现在某时段正在进行的动作Im writing a book recently.I teach English. 职业感比较强Im teaching English.3. 当进行时态与always/ constantly/ forever 等连用“. 总是 .”，常带有感情色彩（偏负面如抱怨、责怪等）He is always talking about his rich father.He always talks about his rich father.(描述)Leifeng

7、was always helping others.4. 进行时态在口语中常表示将来，动作往往已经安排好、计划好。（come go get have take leave arrive）Im getting married next month. will 情态动词，表示意愿1. I didnt like aunt Lucy, who _ without warning and bringing us presents.A. always turned up B. has always turned up C. has always turned up D. was always turnin

8、g up2. My money _, I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before Ive none in hand. A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out3. You _ things about. Look, what a mess in your room! A. always throw B. have always thrown C. are always throwing D. have always

9、been throwing4. My bicycle _ down just when I need it most. A. always breaks B. always broke C. is always breaking D. has always broken5. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change三、一般过去

10、时1. 描述过去的动作或状态2. 典型的时间状语yesterday/ last . / in 1998 / before . / . ago T(时间) now和现在没有任何联系四、现在完成时1. 有表示延续的时间状语（for. / since），表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，有可能继续持续。I have learned English for 10 years. T(时间) nowI learned English for 10 years. 我曾经学过十年英语。（现在不学了）典型时间状语1. for + 时间段2. since + 时间点 / 从句3. 到目前为止 so far / un

11、til now / up to now.4. 在过去的几年里 / 在最近的几年几月几日.for the past few yearsin the last few days / weeksI have seen the movie last night. 错误I saw the movie last night.I have seen the movie.2. 没有表示延续的时间状语，表示动作从过去开始，在过去结束，但对现在造成影响。 T(时间) nowI saw the movie last night. （描述）I have seen the movie. （强调完成动作对现在的影响）Al

12、l morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown3.在完成时态中，短暂动词在肯定句中不能与一段时间连用I have left the classroom for five minutes. 错误表示 leave 这个动作持续五分钟leave 是不可延续动词短暂动词： come / go / leave / start / die / buy / begin / marry / kill

13、 / jion 等I have left Beijing for five years. 错误I have left Beijing.I havent left Beijing for five years五、现在完成进行时1. 基本形式has / have been doing2. 定义：具有完成和进行两方面的特点，表示一个动作在一段时间里一直在进行，强调动作的一直性、专一性、常用时间状语：all day / morning / night / year the whole day / morning / week 等I have waited for you for 5 years.I h

14、ave been waiting for you for 5 years.3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别（1）I have learned English for 10 years. I have been learning English for 10 years. I have learned English. 我学过英语了（现在不学了） I have been learning English. 我一直在学英语（现在还在学）（2）现在完成时强调结果，现在完成进行时强调过程1.I cant sleep. The people in the next apartment _ a lo

15、t of noise.A have made B have been making 2.Hes been sick all week. He _ in bed.A has stayed B has been staying3.She is unhappy. She _ lost her job. A has just lost B has been losing4.She lost her job three weeks ago. She hasnt had much free time lately because she _ for a new job.A has looked B has

16、 been looking5.Now I can pay for my car repair because I _ a check from my insurance company.A have received B have been receiving6.I didnt have time to watch TV today because I _ on my composition.A have worked B have been working7.Two years ago, I retired. I _ a taxi for 25 years.A have driven B h

17、ave been driving C drove（3）现在完成进行时强调动作的一直性、专一性，一般不可以间断，当表示. 已经几次时只能用现在完成时。I have been reading the book.I have read the book twice.1. You havent finished your homework yet, have you? No, I _ it the whole morning. A. have been doing B. have done C. had done D. did2. Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tir

18、ed. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted3. The telephone _ four times this hour, and each time it _ for my roommate. A. has rung; was B. has been ringing; is C. had rung; was D. rang; has been六、过去进行时（对照现在进行时）1. 表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。常用时间状语：at this tim

19、e yesterday / at 7 oclock yesterday当两个动作同时发生，常用 when / while / as 等连接，短暂性动词常用一般过去时，可延续动词常用过去进行时。When I entered the room, he was singing.2. 表示过去某时段正在进行的动作。动作往往没有结束。I was writing a book last year. 我去年在写一本书。（没写完）I wrote a book last year. 去年我写了一本书。（写完了）3. 当进行时态与always/ constantly/ forever 等连用“. 总是 .”，常带

20、有 感情色彩Leifeng was always helping others.七、过去完成时（过去的过去）当强调在过去某时间或某个动作之前就已经完成的动作，过去的过去。When I was in the university, I _ French. (learn)Before I was in the university, I had learned French.总结：过去时态的判断1. 判断现在和过去时态2. 区别过去时态，比较提示句和考察句里两个动词的关系。1. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the do

21、ctor, her nervousness _. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown2. Have you ever worked with a tape recorder? I _ it a lot when I was studying French in school. A. used B. was used C. have used D. had used3. When I entered the step-classroom, the lecture _ and the audience _ attentively. A.

22、began; listened B. was begun; was listening C. had already begun; listening D. had begun; were listening八、一般将来时will 和 be going to1. 只能用be going to 的情况（1）表示打算、准备时，不确定Im going to stay at home tonight.（2）当动作的发生已经不可避免的Look, its cloudy now. Im sure its going to rain.2. 只能用will的情况，当动作瞬间决定（第一反应）时1. Youve l

23、eft the light on. Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going九、将来进行时形式：will / shall be doing表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作，典型时间状语：at this time tomorrow / at this moment tomorrow / at 8 oclock tomorrow night十、将来完成时形式：will / shall have doneI had learned 1000 English words by the end of

24、 2000. (learn)I have learned 5000 English words by now.I will have learned 10000 English words by 2008.表示到将来某时刻已经完成的动作，典型时间状语：by 2008 / by the end of next year1. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly2. By this time tomorrow we _

25、the machine. A. have repaired B. shall have repaired C. will repair D. would repair定语从句I think that I am right.blue skya tall tree / buildingGao Cheng is a handsome man.The standing on the stage man is a teacher. The man who is standing on the stage is a teacher.关系词： 关系代词 关系副词一、关系代词指人：who / whom（宾语）

26、/ that指物：that / which指.的：whose0.5：as1、Jack lives here. Jack is my friend. Jack who / that lives here is my friend.2、Theyre looking for a missing boy. The missing boy is my brother. The missing boy who / that / whom they are looking for is my brother. The missing boy they are looking for is my brothe

27、r.3、Theyre the birds. I fed the birds this morning. Theyre the birds that / which I fed this morning. Theyre the birds I fed this morning.4、whose 代替his / her / my / your /its等 1）She is a novelist. Her book won several prizes. She is a novelist, whose book won several prizes. 2）He is an expert. We wa

28、nt his advice. He is an expert, we want whose advice. whose we want advice. whose advice we want. 3）This is the house. Its windows were broken. The windows of the house were broken. This is the house, whose windows were broken. This is the house, the windows of which were broken. This is the house,

29、of which the windows were broken. 用X代替任意名词： whose X = the X of which (whom) = of which (whom) the X29. We are studying in a reading-room, the doors _ are made of glass. A. of that B. that C. of which D. which7. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the p

30、rice of which C. its price D. the price of whose22. The book, _ is yellow, is mine. A. the cover of it B. the cover of which C. whose the cover D. of which coverthat和which的区别：1、当先行词为all / everything / anything / nothing / the one / little / much等或有人有物时，一般只用thatThis is all that I want to say.They tal

31、ked for about an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.2、当先行词被all / any / every / no / some / little / much / the only / the very / the last / 序数词及最高级修饰时，一般只用thatYou can take home any / every book that you like.This is the best film that I have ever seen.1、介词 + which2、非限制性定语从

32、句中，逗号后面用which31. We talked about the books and writers _ we knew. A. which B. who C. whom D. that7. This is the very book _ I want of find. A. that B. which C. it D. with which11. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the last part of the report _ has been capitalized. A. which, t

33、hat B. that, which C. which, which D. that, that19. Which of the buildings _ are being built will be the hospital? A. that B. which C. / D. it二、介词+which结构和关系副词关系副词：when / where / why介词后面只能接which，不能接that1、 I still remember the day. I first met her on the day. I still remember the day that / which I f

34、irst met her on. I still remember the day on which I first met her. I still remember the day when I first met her. February is the only month _that_ has fewer than 30 days. September 18,1931 is the day _(that / which)_ well never forget. I will never forget the day _when_ I joined the Party.2、 This

35、is the city. I live in the city. This is the city that / which I live in. This is the city in which I live. This is the city where I live. I like to shop at stores _that / which_ have products from different countries. I like to shop at stores _where_ I can find products from different countries.3、t

36、he reason why结构 Do you know the reason? He was late for the reason. Do you know the reason which he was late for? Do you know the reason for which he was late? Do you know the reason why he was late? the reason在从句中不做主语或宾语时（只做原因状语for the reason时），可以用the reason why / for which / ( ) Do you know the re

37、ason _that / which_ may explain his absence.三、介词+which / whom结构1、 Stephen is the person. I work with the person. Stephen is the person whom I work with. Stephen is the person with whom I work.2、 This is the pan. I boil the milk in the pan. This is the pan which I boil the milk in. This is the pan in

38、 which I boil the milk.Could you lend me the knife _with which_ I can cut it.The novel, _on which_ the film is based, is very moving.Do you have a telescope _through which_ we can study the sky.Please pass me the notebook _in which_ you found the lyrics.Is this factory _the one_ we visited last year

39、?Is this the factory _which / that_ we visited last year?Is this book _ you want to borrow? A. that B. which C. the one D. 四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、定义 1）限制性定语从句： 一般无逗号分隔，对先行词严格限制 2）非限制性定语从句： 一般有逗号分隔，对先行词做补充说明2、非限制性定语从句中的关系词 1）非限制性定语从句中无that, why7. Who Moved My Cheese?, _ is a best - selling book, is writ

40、ten by Spencer Johnson. A. which B. that C. it D. what. Mr. Wu, _ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry. A. whom B. that C. which D. / 2）非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不准省略3、非限制性定语从句中的which（这一点）和as（正如） 1）在非限制性定语从句中，which不仅可以替代名词或代词，还可以替代逗号前的一句话，译为“这一点”This is a shop, which sells PC.She married G.

41、C., which surprised everyone. 2）as也可以替代一句话，译为“正如”，常用于固定结构as is well known, as is known to all, as everybody knows, 众所周知as is expected, as happened before, as has been pointed out,. _ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What. Sometimes the e

42、arthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city, _ happened in Tangshan, in 1976. A. as B. that C. where D. like. The writer has written quite a few books now, _ his teachers and parents didnt expect. A. that B. as C. of which D. which16. _ has been announced, we shall have our final exam

43、 next term. A. That B. As C. It D. What13. In one night, the city was completely destroyed by a terrible earthquake, _ about 240 000 people died. A. which B. when C. in which D. in that1、of which / whom结构： 在非限制性定语从句中，下列词可以和of which / whom连用，表示比例关系： each, some, any, several, many, much, a few, half,

44、most, all 分数，百分数，数词及最高级等I bought many books, which are about English learning. 2 of which . half of which . most of which . some of which . none of which . The old man has two sons, _ is a soldier. A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them27. New York is famous for its sky-scrape

45、rs, _ has more than 100 storeys. A. the higher of them B. the highest of which C. the highest of them D. some of which71. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom2、think / say / believe型： 1） Jack lives here. Jack is my friend. Jack who lives

46、 here is my friend. 2） I think Jack lives here. Jack is my friend. Jack who I think lives here is my friend. He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. who C. when D. because75. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell us. A. who B. whom

47、C. that D. /82. I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker. A. who B. that C. which D. whom3、the way 当the way表示“.方式”时，可以用the way that / in which / ( )I dont like the way _ you speak to her. A. B. that C. in which D. All A, B and C1. Can you tell me the name of the factory _ you paid a

48、visit last week? A. what B. which C. to which D. to that3. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom小

49、飞 迷途知返吧Maybe I felt an immediate sense of connection with him because he came in mid-year to a new school where he did not know anybody, or maybe it was because he had come to Beijing from Heilongjiang . I enjoy telling people that the first place I live in China was actually not Beijing or Shanghai

50、, but Harbin. Over the next seven months, Ma xiaofei became the student I looked for when I went to school, and the student I worried about when I came home from work-and now he is missing!This is a conversation between two friends. One just came back from an island vacation where he had terrible ti

51、me.A: How was your trip?B: Terrible.A: What happened? Didnt your travel agent choose a good hotel for you?B: The hotel he chose for me (他为我选的饭店) didnt have air conditioning. It was too hot.A: What kind of food did they serve?B: The food they served（他们提供的东西）made me sick.A: Did you meet any interestin

52、g travelers?B: I didnt like the other traveler I met我遇到的旅游者）. They were unfriendly.A: Did you travel with an interesting companion?B: The person I traveled with（和我一起旅游的那个人）was boring. We werent interested in the same things. The things he was interested in（他感兴趣的东东）were different from the things I wa

53、s interested in（我感兴趣的东东）.非谓语动词引子： This is a family of 8 children, all of _whom_ are workers. This is a family of 8 children, all of _them_ are workers. 错 This is a family of 8 children. All of _them_ are workers. This is a family of 8 children, and all of them are workers.核心： 英语中一句话只能有一个谓语，如果出现更多动词：

54、 1、加连词（and / but / so） 2、放入从句 3、变为非谓语动词得知Jack要结婚了，我们都很高兴。1、加连词 We know that Jack will get married, and we are very happy.2、放入从句 When we know that Jack will get married, we are very happy.3、变为非谓语动词 Knowing that Jack will get married, we are very happy.非谓语动词的形式（do）： ving: doing / being done / having done / having been done p.p.: done to do: to do / to be done / to have done / to be doing一、基础1、常接ving的动词和词组：（144） 动词： admit（承认）/ appreciate（感激）/ avoid（避免）/ consider（考虑） delay（耽误）/ enjoy / escape（逃脱）/ finish / imagine / keep mind（介意）/ miss（错过）/ practise / risk（冒险） 词组： devote