句子成分和简单句的基本句型预学案

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1、句子成分和简单句的基本句型 预学案1. 句子成分句子成分是指构成句子的各个组成部分，即词和词组在句子中的各种语法意义。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。另外，一些句子还有一些其他的成分，如同位语、呼语、插入语等主语（subject）:主语是指句子谈论的主题，说明的人或事物。也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体。主语可以用下面这些来表示：1. 名词；2. 代词； 3. 数词；4. 动名词；5. 不定式；6.从句；7. 名词化的形容词下列句子的主语由什么来表示：The sun rises in the east. （ ） He likes dancing. （ ）Twenty i

2、s enough. ( ) Seeing is believing. （ ） To see is to believe.（ ） The old should be well respected. （ ）That he will come here tomorrow is certain. （ ）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。通常由动词的各种形式来充当。并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致。We study English. He is asleep. 1. 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He lo

3、oked after two orphans.2. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well. I dont like the picture on the wall. 3. 有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成的 The girl felt cold. He is a teacher.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 常见的系动词大致可分为三类。 第一类：表示特征或状态的，有be， look， feel， seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， turn out（结果是、证

4、明是）等。 第二类：表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化，有become， get， grow， turn， fall， go， come， run等。 第三类：表示保持状态的，有keep， remain， continue，stay等。 注意：系动词不用于被动语态. e.g. The apple tastes sweet.下列句子的表语分别由什么来表示： He is a teacher. （ ） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （ ）Five and five is ten. （ ）He is asleep. （ ） His father is in. （ ） T

5、he picture is on the wall. ( )My watch is gone / missing / lost. （ ）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （ ）The question is whether they will come. （ ）It sounds a good idea. ( )Her voice sounds sweet. ( )Tom looks thin. ( )The food smells delicious. ( )The food tastes good. ( )The

6、 door remains open. ( )Now I feel tired. ( )宾语（object） ：表示动作、行为的对象，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，分为直接宾语和间接宾语两种。宾语可以用下面这些来表示：1.名词；2. 代词；3. 数词；4. 动名词；5. 不定式；6. 从句；7. 名词化的形容词及其他词类-How many do you want? -We need two. （数词）Did you write down what she said?（从句） （从句） Remember to close the window. （不定式）1）动作的承受者-动宾I like Ch

7、ina. （ ）He hates you. （ ）We should help the old and the poor. ( )I enjoy working with you. （ ）I hope to see you again. （ ） Did you write down what he said? （ ） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Offer

8、 the poor man some money.补语 (complement) ：补语用于补充说明其他的句子成分，有主语补语与宾语补语。主语补语可以用下面这些来表示：1.形容词 2.名词 3.动词不定式4.分词宾语补语可以用下面这些来表示：1.名词 2.形容词 3.动词分词4.动词不定式 5.介词短语或副词宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. （ ）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （ ）We will make them happy. （ ）We found nobody in.

9、 ( )Please make yourself at home. ( ）Dont let him do that. （ ）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （ ）Dont keep the lights burning. （ ） Ill have my bike repaired. （ ） 主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补。主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor. ( ) She was found singing in the next room. ( )He was advis

10、ed to teach the lazy boy a lesson. ( )He died young. ( ) She was called Lucy. ( )He was seen to go upstairs. ( )定语 (attributive) ：用于限定名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、特征、所属。定语一般位于所限定的词之前，其数和格必须与被限定的词相一致。定语可以用下面这些来表示：1.形容词；2. 代词；3. 数词；4. 名词或名词所有格；5. 分词；6. 不定式；7. 介词短语；8. 副词；9. 词组或合成词；10. 从句下列句子的定语分别由什么来表示：Mr. Zhang is

11、 a chemistry teacher.（ ） He is our friend. （ ）We belong to the third world. （ ） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（ ）The man over there is my old friend.( ) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ( )There is a sleeping baby in bed.（ ）His spoken language is good.（ ） I have an ide

12、a to do it well. （ ）Do you know the man who spoke just now?（ ）状语 (adverbial) ：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 状语可以用下面这些来表示：1.副词；2. 介词短语；3. 不定式；4. 分词；5. 形容词；6. 词组；7. 复合结构；8. 从句下列句子的状语分别由什么来表示：He did it carefully. () I was born on June 9th 1995 in Guangxi.（ ）I like some of you

13、 very much. （ ） He goes to school by bike. （）In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. （ ）His parents died,leaving him an orphan. （ ）He went to school in spite of his illness. （ ）He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.（）If you study hard, you will pass the exam.（ ） Thoug

14、h he is young, he can do it well. （ ）He was late because he got up late.（）同位语（apposition）：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列的名词或代词，指同一个事物，作为同一个句子成分。如：We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生）We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们） 独立成分 ：感叹词、应答词、呼语、插入语等，在句中可作独立成分，用逗号与其他成分隔开。可以用下面这些来表示：1.感叹词 2.呼语 3.

15、插入语Oh, my god! （感叹词） Come in, Mr Green. This , I think, is the best way to help them.2. 简单句的基本句型 （详见衔接教材61-62页）简单句的五个基本句型主语 谓语（不及物动词）She came/ My head aches. 主语 谓语（及物动词） 宾语 She likes English.主语 系动词 表语 She is happy主语 谓语间接宾语 直接宾语 She gave John a book主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry The teacher

16、 asked me to read the passage.（ There +be句型 There is a book on the desk. ）Exercises 1. 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the m

17、orning. 6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. H

18、e found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the ro

19、om. 20. The apples tasted sweet.2. 单项选择：1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.A. andB. orC. ifD. so2. Its the third time that John has been late, _?A. hasnt heB. isnt he C. isnt itD. hasnt it3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an4. Let us pass,

20、_?A. shant weB. shall weC. wont weD. will you5. I suppose hes serious, _ ?A. do IB. dont IC. is heD. isnt he6. You had better not smoke here, _?A. will youB. had youC. shall youD. have you7. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition.A. thenB. butC. andD. or8. Im sorry to have to

21、say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A. andB. butC. soD. because9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _.A. Henry hasnt too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some

22、love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming.A. orB. forC. whileD. so11. - Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home? - Id like to go out.A. orB. andC. butD. so12. - “_ is the temperature today?”-“Its 38 degrees.”A. WhichB. HowC. How hotD. How high13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer,

23、 is he?- _.A. Yes, he isntB. No, he isntC. No, he isD. He is14. _ friendly _ to everyone!A. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she isD. What, she is15. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired.A. orB. soC. forD. yet16. Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD.

24、made17. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library.A. butB. andC. orD. yet18. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do. - _ what you want and I can get it for you.A. Tell meB. If you would say to meC. You will tell meD. If you tell me19. As he is strong, _ can lift one hun

25、dred pounds.A. yet heB. but heC. andD. he20. - I thought you had an umbrella.- I had, _ Ive lost it.A. sinceB. butC. becauseD. so21. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room.A. Turning B. To turnC. Turned D. Turn22. - I dont like chicken _ fish.- I dont like chicken _ I like fish very mu

26、ch.A. and, andB. and, butC. or, andD. or, but23. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, _ Im too busy.A. andB. soC. asD. but24. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. andB. thenC. orD. otherwise25. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour lat

27、er.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived26. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointed27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. whomB. whereC. which

28、D. while28. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave29. - Alice, you feed the bird today, _?- But I fed it yesterday.A. do youB. will youC. didnt youD. dont you30. _ him and then try to copy what he does.A. MindB. Glance atC. Stare atD. Watch31. Excuse me

29、for breaking in,_ I have some good news for you.A. so B. and C. but D. yet32. The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which33. You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday, _?A. had you B. hadnt you C. did you D. didnt you34. _

30、some of this juice-perhaps youll like it.A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried35. One more week, _ we will accomplish the task.A. or B. so that C. and D. if 36. There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _? A. didnt they B. dont they C. mustnt they D. havent they37. B

31、e sure to write to us,_?A. will you B. arent you C. can you D. mustnt you38. _from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is39. Dont smoke in the meeting-room, _? A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you40. Bills aim is to i

32、nform the viewers that cigarette advertising TV is illegal, _? A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he41. There are eight tips in Dr Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is: _ to bed early unless you think it is necessary. A. doesnt go B. not to go C. not going D. dont go42. _ straight on and youll see a church. You wont miss it. A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going15 ACADD 610 BCBDC 1115 ADBCC 1620 ABADB 2125 DDDCD 2630 ADDBD31-35 CBDBC 36-40 D ADBA 41-42DA