高中语法动词记忆口诀

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1、情态动词记忆口诀: 情态动词两要点;动词原形跟后面,说话语气较委婉,can表能力may许可,must责任或义务,否定回答neednt换;should应该,would愿,have to 被迫表客观. 注释:对must构成的一般疑问句作否定回答只能用neednt.情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语 一、 can, could 1) 表示能

2、力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） Mary can speak three languages.（知识） Can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the

3、 heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许。 -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall c

4、an hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This cant be done by him. How can this be true? 二、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant 或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。 -Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. - May/Might I take this book out of

5、 the room? - Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. ) 用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。 2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 1He may /might be very busy now. 2Your mother may /might not know the truth. 三、 must, have to 1) 表示必须、必要。 You must come here on

6、time. 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）. - Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you neednt. 2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 1 His play isnt interesting, I really must go now. 2 I had to work wh

7、en I was your age. 3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句） 1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 3. The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 马路湿了，昨晚一定下雨了。（must加完成式，说明对过去事物的推测，表示“一定”或“准是”的意思。）四、need need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have

8、 to, ought to, should代替。 1You neednt come so early. 2. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 3) need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。1.The house needs to be painted.2. The house needs painting.3. He needs to finish his homework today. 五、 shall1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 What shall we d

9、o this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) 3. He shall be punished.(威胁) 六、 will, would 1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。 1. I will never do that aga

10、in. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would not heal. 4) 表示估计和猜想。 It would be about ten oclock when she left home. 七、 should, ought to 1) should, ought to表示“

11、应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby. 2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 3) 表示推测 should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 1.He mu

12、st be home by now. (断定他已到家) 2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) 3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽) 4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄) 总结一、猜测: must, may, might, can, couldmust只能用于肯定句,非常肯定的猜测may只能用于肯定句,表示可能的猜测can只能用于否定/疑问句,过去时用couldshould 表示预测“应当”二、情态动词否定式的常考点有：mustnt 禁止、严禁、不准n

13、eednt 不必要、没必要(=dont have to)cant不可能may not可能不、或许不shouldnt不应该（=ought not to )三、情态动词+ have done 表示对过去发生的事情的推测,批评,反悔等意should have done 本应该做而没做ought to have done 本应该做而没做could have done 本可以做而没做neednt have done不必做的做了may/ might have done可能做了某事(猜测)must have done一定做了(猜测)cant have done一定没有做(猜测)练习题1)A computer

14、 _think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2).The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to3)-Where is my uncle, Mary? -He _ in the bedroom.A. must have been B. must be C. may have been

15、D. should have been4)Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. will5) -That must be a mistake. -No, it _ a mistake.A. must not be B. neednt be C. can not be D. would not be6) Its nearly 7 oclock. Dad _ come home soon.A. can B. could C. would D. should7)-Are you

16、 coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure. I _ go to the concert tonight. A. must B. would C. should D. might8)You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt9)Johnny, you_ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt,

17、must D. cant; shouldnt10).I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep.A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been11).I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken12).I cant fin

18、d Mr. Smith anywhere in the office building. Where _ he have gone?A. must B. can C. should D. need高考考题:1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must

19、have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly

20、seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could6. They will _ run this machine on their own in three months.A. can B. could C. may D. be able to7. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people.A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to8. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of c

21、ourse you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should9. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. can10. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont11. -May I pick a flower in the garden? - _. A. No, you neednt

22、 B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont12. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. must D. would13. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, _ . A. you shouldntB. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustnt14. We didnt see Tom at th

23、e meeting yesterday. He _it. A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D. would have not attended15. We _ play chess than bridge. Some of us dont know how to play bridge. A. had betterB. would better C. would rather D. had rather16. There is someone knocking at the door

24、. _ it be Tom? A. can B. must C. should D. ought to17. Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you _ worry about parking. A. must notB. may notC. should notD. dont have to18.-Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes dri

25、ving his car. (2002高考题） A. must B. can C. need D. may19.It has been announced that candidates(候选人)_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海高考题） A. can B.will C. may D. shall20.-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. -It _ true because there was little

26、snow there. (2002北京高考题） A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be情态动词强化练习 (作业)1.May I sit beside you, sir? - No, you _. My girlfriend is coming soon.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 2.- _ I speak to Mary, please? -Sorry, she_ come to the phone because she isnt in.A. Might; wont B. C

27、ant; mustnt C. May; cant D. Couldnt; shouldnt3. - I want to know if I _ smoke here. - No, you_ . Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there?A. can; neednt B. must; cant C. shall; wont D. may; mustnt4. My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always _ look it up. A. must B. should C. would D.

28、has to5. - _ you pass me the English magazine, please? - Sure. Here you are.A. Could B. Need C. Must D. Might6. -Must I go to work with you? - No, you_. Linda _ go with me.A. mustnt; can B. cant; has to C. darent; should D. neednt; may7. - _ I tell Mary the test results? - No, you_. Shes already got

29、 the score. A. Will; wont B. Shall; neednt C. May; mustnt D. Can; dont8. You _ be careful when crossing here. The traffic lights arent working.A. might B. ought to C. could D. may9. -Could I borrow your bicycle? - Yes, of course you_.A.will B. should C. can D. need10. Joan_ come with us this afterno

30、on, but she isnt very sure yet. A. can B. may C. must D. will11. I _ ask you the question because I think I _ be wrong.darent; must B. mustnt; can C. neednt; may D. cant; should12. Its nearly eight oclock. Mike _ be here at any moment. A. need B. has to C. should D. can13. The fire spread through th

31、e building very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to14.-What do you think of this answer? -I dont think it _ be right.A.should B. might C. must D. can15. - Is John coming by train? - He should, but he _. He likes driving his car.A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. mu

32、stnt16. He doesnt have to work tomorrow, but you have got to, _ you?A. dont B. havent C. havent got D. cant17. You_ wake me up when I fall asleep, _ you?A. havent better; have B. would not rather; would C. had better not; should D. had not better; must18. -Why! I couldnt get you on the phone this mo

33、rning. - We _ tennis in the yard when you phone me.A. could be playing B. must be playing C. must have been playing D. should have played19. - We didnt see him at the lecture. - Neither did anybody else. He _ it.A. may not have attended B. mustnt attend C. cant have attended D. couldnt attend20. -I

34、came here by taxi and the driver charged me 50 yuan. -Really? You _ have come by bus.A. could B. must C. may D. should21. - Do you still remember when we went to the Great Wall? - I cant remember it well, but _ it have been sometime last May?A. should B. must C. could D. would22. -I wonder why Mr Li

35、n didnt come to work. - He_ have been ill.A. neednt B. should C. might D. can23. -No one passed the mathematics examination today. -I guess we _ the exercise last night.A. could review B. should review C. might review D. should have reviewed24. She_ the hospital so soon, for she hasnt yet recovered.

36、A. wouldnt have left B. shouldnt have left C. neednt leave D. hadnt left25. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today? I _ all the way here through the heavy snow.A. neednt have driven B. cant have driven C. must have driven D. shouldnt have driven.26. The book is neither yours nor mine. Whos

37、e _ it be?A. must B. may C. should D. can27. It is surprising that he _ have been so foolish.A. must B. could C. should D. can28. It must have rained last night, _ it? A. mustnt B. cant C. hasnt D. didnt29.-Will you stay for lunch? - Sorry, I _. My brother is coming to see me. A. mustnt B. cant C. n

38、eednt D. wont30. - Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A. must B. would C. should D. might.31. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may32. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the ceremo

39、ny?A. can B. should C. may D. must33. I stayed at a hotel while in New York?- Oh did you? You _ with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stayC. must have stayed D. would stay34. If I _go with you, I would feel very glad.can B. could C. should D. may35.There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. Yo

40、u_ come, but why didnt you?A. must have B. shouldC. need have D. ought to have36.When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.-They _ be ready by 12:00.A. can B. should C. might D. need37. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep.A. must be B. must have beenC. should be D. should have be

41、en38. I _ do all the difficult work for you.A. havent got to B. not have got toC. have got not to D. have got to not39. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A. might B. should C. can D. will40. If I had time, I _ go with you.A. can B. will C. may D. might参考答案练习题1-5 ADBBC 6-10 DDCBB 11-12 DB高考考题1-5 BDBDC 6-10 DACAB 11-15 CCCBA 16-20 ADDDC情态动词强化练习1-5 ACDDA 6-10 DBBCB 11-15 ACDDC 16-20 BCCCD21-25 CCDBA 26-30 DCDBD 31-35 BAABD 36-40 BBAAD