高中英语短语动词练习和讲解

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1、Grammar and usage学案第一部分：重点讲解短语动词通常以动词为中心，通常由动词加副词或介词构成。英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义上来判定其释义，很多时候应根据具体语境判断它们的意义。有的短语动词相当于及物动词，有的则相当于不及物动词。英语中有相当多的动词常和其他词类一起连用，构成短语动词(phrasal verb)。1. 短语动词的构成. (1)动词+介词如：bring about引起 look about 环顾四周 seek for寻找 burst into 闯入 turn into使变成 look into调查 see to 处理 devote to贡献给 deal with

2、处理 glance at匆匆一瞥 work at干 aim at向瞄准differ from与不同 result from由于 insist on坚持 rely on依靠 bring in引进 hope for希望得到combine with联合 lead to导致，通向 set about着手 look after照顾，照料 listen to听 wait for等待 insist on坚持 look at看 depend on(upon)依靠 look for寻找 meet with遇见。(2) 动词+副词如：give out发出 give up放弃 turn out生产 pick out

3、挑选 put out熄灭 go on继续 come out 出来 set off出发 bring about引起 think over考虑 wake up醒来 clear away清除掉put away收起 die away消失 call back回电话 look back回顾 walk back走回break down坏了calm down平静下来 get down咽下 come up上来 blow up爆炸 turn up出现 show off炫耀give off散发 take off脱下break out发生 blow out吹灭 run out 用完(3) 动词+副词+介词如：look

4、 forward to盼望，catch up with赶上，go on with继续add up to总计 keep away from不靠近look down on轻视keep up with赶上 make up for弥补 get on with相处 get close to接近get out of逃避,避免 do away with废除do well in在干得好 put up with忍受 look up with仰望,尊敬 run out of用完go on with继续 get down to认真开始 break away from 脱离，背离(4) 动词+名词如：have a l

5、ook看一看， have a try试一试， make an appointment约会， take place发生，make way 前进，make a discovery发现。(5) 动词+名词+介词如：take part in参加，take care of看管，维护，注意，take notice of注意，make use of利用，pay attention to注意，give place to让位于，give rise to引起，导致。(6) 及物动词(+直接宾语)+介词+名词如：take . into account / consideration把考虑进去。 (7) 及物动词(+

6、直接宾语) +介词( +介词宾语)如：translate . into .把译成，protect . from .使免受; fix ones eyes on ;(8) 系动词+形容词+介词如：be similar to .类似于，be familiar with .对熟悉，be beneficial to .有益于，be equal to .等于，相当于,be addicted to对上瘾2. 短语动词使用时须注意的几点(1) 在短语动词中,副词可以放在动词宾语前或后。但是如果宾语是代词，则应放在动词和副词之间如： The young lovers have been trying to pu

7、t some money aside for their marriage ceremony. He has put aside a little money for a rainy day. 他积蓄了一点钱以备不时之需。 When you do not understand a new word,you can look it up in this dictionary.This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem.（2）在带有介词的短语动词中，介词的宾语总是紧随其后的。We have bro

8、ught in a good harvest for three years .Weve just come across an old friend we havent seen for ages.Please keep away from the scene of the accident before the police come.The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holidays.（3）有些短语动词后并不需要跟宾语，这时他们相当于不及物动词。如：Mr Wangs new ca

9、r broke down and he had to go to work by bike again.The crowd broke up after the football games. 足球比赛结束后，人们四处散开。（4）同一动词，后面跟不同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语动词。如：break down坏了；跨了break up拆散；解体；驱散 break in闯入；插话 break off忽然停止讲话；断绝 break out爆发；逃出break through冲破；突破；战胜不同的动词，后面跟上相同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语。make up组成；构成；弥补；编造；化装show u

10、p带上楼；出席；露面；揭露hold up举起来；阻塞；耽搁；抑制感情set up创立；建立；树立；资助put up提出；举起；建造 take up拿起；举起；开始（某）活动（5）一些短语动词，具有多种释义，需要根据全句语境对他们作出恰当理解。如：Hurry up, children! The plane will take off very soon.(起飞)After entering the room, he took off his coat .(脱下)The boss told him that he would take two weeks off in November.（休假）

11、The woman broke down when someone told her that her mother was dead.(崩溃)Interrupted by hackers, the computer system of that company has broken down.(瘫痪)Negotiations(谈判) between the boss and workers have broken down（失败）常见短语： answer for 对 负责 go without 没有也行agree with 同意（某人）hand in交上来agree to同意（建议） hav

12、e nothing to do with与 无关agree on 达成一致have sth.to do with与 有关aim at瞄准head for朝去ask for请求 helpin在帮助belong to属于hope for希望得到burst into突然起来introduce to.把介绍begin with以开始 inspirewith以激励base on根据insist on坚持consist of由组成 interfere with妨碍congratulate on祝贺join sb.in加入某人一起come to an end结束knock at敲（门等）compare to

13、把比作 long for渴望comparewith同相比 look up查阅，向上看care for喜欢，照顾look on/oponas把看作change for用交换learn by heart背会clear up放晴leave for动身区去come across偶然遇到lie in在于call up大电话live on靠生活，以为主食call for 要求，需要look through翻阅，浏览call on 拜访（人），号召mix with同混合call at拜访（地）presentwith赠送cure of治愈persist in坚持depend on依靠putinto pract

14、ice实施devote to把用于 reply to答复engage in从事rely on依靠end with以结束recover from恢复get on/off上/下车rob of抢走get on/along进展run over碾过去get ready for准备好result from/in由引起；导致get in收获remember sb. to带问好grow up长大set about doing着手做give in让步，投降succeed in 成功go all out竭尽全力speak of说到go through通过share in分担go over复习share sth.

15、with sb.与某人共同使用第二部分发：练习I. 用所给短语动词的适当形式填空1 break in /break down/break off/break out/break througha)The old man _in the middle of the story.b)Influenza usually _in winter because of the cold weather.c)The robbers _ and looted (抢劫)the warehouse.（货栈）d)The old washing machine seems to _ again.e)They hope

16、 to _ soon in their fight against the disease.2 make up/turn up/set up/take up/put up a)The girl is very quick at _ excuses. b)The young swimmer _ a new record in the backstroke. c)Kate _the piano when she was only five years old. d)The long-lost watch _ down the back of the old table. e)The examina

17、tion result will _ on this board tomorrow.3 try on/keep an eye on/rely on/insist on/look down on a)British summers are awful and we can not _the weather. b)Will you _ this pair of trousers ? c)We should not _ the young men who havent been to college. d)Would you be kind enough to _the lovely baby fo

18、r a while? e)Last night his wife _his wearing a black suit for the party.II. 单项填空1. Its ten years since the scientist _on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical. A. made forB. set outC. took offD. turned up2. It is wise to have some money _for age. A. put awayB. kept upC. given away D.

19、laid up3. It was dark and we decided to _for the night at a farm house. A. put awayB. put downC. put upD. put out4. I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please _? A. turn it onB. turn it downC. turn it upD. turn it off5. Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _ the shocking end

20、ing. A. give awayB. give outC. give upD. give off6. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _ it. A. got overB. got on withC. got aroundD. got out of7. We didnt plan out art exhibition like that but it _ well. A. carried outB. tried outC. kept onD. worked out8. You can take anything from the shel

21、f and read, but please _ the books when you have finished with them. A. put onB. put downC. put backD. put off9. Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get overB. get inC. get alongD. get through10. The final examination is coming up soon. Its for us to _ our stu

22、dies. A. get down to B. get outC. get back forD. get over11. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day. A. takes upB. makes upC. saves upD. puts up12. The village people prevented their cattle from _ the wheat field. A. breaking inB. breaking outC. breaking intoD. b

23、reaking away13. For all these years I have been working for others. Im hoping Ill _my own business someday. A. turn upB. fix upC. set upD. make up14. Lucy _ a lot of Japanese by playing with the native boys and girls. A. picked upB. took upC. made upD. turned up15.Having decided to rent a flat, we _

24、 getting in touch with some agencies in the city. A. set upB. set downC. set outD. set aboutIII. 翻译下列句子1医生要求这个病人戒掉烟和酒。 _.2. 在入冬前,我们的蔬菜和水果就会吃完._.3. 我认为需要派更多的警察来调查这个案子. _.4. 这个篮球队的每个成员都不应当被歧视. _.第三部分：练习答案I. 用所给短语动词的适当形式填空1 a)broke off b)breaks out c)broke in d)have broken down e)break through2 a)makin

25、g up b)set up c)took up d)turned up e)be put up3 a)rely on b)try onc)look down onII. 单项填空1-5 BACCA 6-10 ADCCA 11-15 ACCADIII. 翻译下列句子1 The doctor asked the patient to give up smoking and drinking.2 Our vegetables and fruits will run out before winter.3 I think that more police are needed to look into the case.4. Every member of this basketball team should not be looked down on.