被动语态讲解及练习(附答案)

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1、被动语态讲解一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3） am/is /are be

2、ing done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6） was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I

3、was there.7） shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动

4、结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例

5、Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相当于

6、及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、 如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。例

7、My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report,

8、 say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said t

9、o have passed the national exam. ）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指

10、“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds reason

11、able五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。2 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be r

12、ead）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不

13、定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5 在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点

14、在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词

15、前一般不用冠词。1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。例The building is under construction( is being constructed).2“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎胜过、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及），beyond

16、ones control（无法控制），beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过、高于”。例His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于、 为着”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。例That house is for sale. (= T

17、hat house is to be sold).5“in+名词”结构 ，表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。例The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)6“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).7“out of+名词”结构 ； 表示 “超出 之外“，

18、常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of ones reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8“within+名词”结构，“在内、不超过”。例He took two days off within the teachers permission.被动语态习题1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at

19、 dinnerA are not kept；will have toB are not kept；haveC do not keep；will have toD do not keep；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be p

20、ut off - Yes，it all depends on the weatherA Ive been told B Ive toldC Im told D I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near futu

21、re.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designed D. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been

22、 broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everyt

23、hing here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been builtC. is built D. is building11.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be wr

24、itten D written13. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA to type B typingC to be typed D typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed outC. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights

25、 happened to _.A. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged toC. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. Th

26、e squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch19. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checkedC. to check D. to be checked20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. T

27、eaching21)It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.A) designed B) has been designed C) will be designed D) will have been designed22)We are late. I expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema.A) will already have started B) would already have startedC) shall have already started D) ha

28、s already been started 23) She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. A) is taken B) takes C) will be taken D) has taken24) Diamond _in Brazil in 1971.A) is found B) has been foundC) was found D) had been found25)“Have you moved into the new flat?”“Not yet. The room_.”A) has been painted B) is

29、paintedC) paints D) is being painted26) My pictures _until next Friday.A) wont develop B) arent developedC) dont develop D) won t be developed27) Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago.A) had been unemployed B) was unemployedC) has been unemployed D) has unemployed28) A great number of colleges

30、and universities _since 1949.A) has been establish B) have been established C) have established D) had been established29) Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here.A) would be fined B) will be fined C) will being fined D) will have been fined30)“_two tickets f

31、or the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”A) They have been given B) I have been given C) I am given D) They have given to me31) The subject of these lectures _by the lecture committee.A) is announced B) have been announcedC) are announced D) has been announc

32、ed32) I found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of Davids room.A) was B) had C) had been D) is33)The goods _when we arrived at the airport.A) were just unloading B) were just been unloading C) had just unloaded D) were just being unloaded34) If one _by pride, he will reject useful advice and f

33、riendly assistance.A) overcomes B) is overcomeC) has been overcome D) overcome35) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past.A) was not B) were notC) were not being D) had not been36) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour.

34、A) I smell B) it is smeltC) it smells D) it is smelling37) After the race_, the celebration began.A) had been won B) is wonC) will be won D)has been won38) He was here for a little while, but I dont know where she _now.A) is B) was C) had been D) has been39) The young teacher has _ competent.A) been

35、 proved to be B) proved to beC) been proved D) proved being40) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _photographically in March 1930.A) discovered B) was discoveredC) by discovery D) when discovered41) To get a better view of the stage, _.A)our seats had to be changed B) our seats were ch

36、angedC) we had to change our seats D) our seats were changed by us 42) After synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material.A) created B) has createdC) has been created D) had been created43) I think much attention _your pronunciation.A) must be paid to B) ought to be paid toC) must pay to D)

37、 should be paid to44) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.A) have taken B) have been takenC) have been taking D) have been taking45) I dont remember _the chance to try this method.A)having been given B) to have been givenC)having given D) to

38、have given46) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it_.A) know B) be knownC) being known D) to be known47) The construction of the laboratory _by the end of next month.A) must be completed B) must have been completedC) will be completing D) will have been completing48) They would te

39、ll how the African _on a ship to an American port. A) was brought B) could have been broughtC) had been brought D) was to be brought 49) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter.A) is belonged to B) belongedC) belongs D) is belonging 50) Negotiation _again with Moscow tomorrow, a gr

40、eat event will be discussed then.A) is to be opened B) is on the point of openingC) is going to open D) opens 51) The reason for all the changes being made _to us yet.A) has not explained B) has not been explainedC) did not explained D) were not explained52) Experiments in the photography of moving

41、objects _in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.A) were conducting B)were conductedC) had been conducted D) had conducted 53) When he turned the corner, he found himself _by a man in black.A) tailed B) been tailedC) was tailedD) had been tailed54) A candidate for the democratic presid

42、ential nomination _at this moment.A) is interviewing B) being interviewedC) is being interviewed D) interviewing55) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen _the new house.A) building B) build C) built D) to build56) As we know, all the regulations in school _.A) must keep to B) must be

43、 keptC) must keep D) must be kept up57) The composition _any more. A) need not to be corrected B) doesnt need to be corrected C) doesnt need be corrected D) need not correct58) The bank is reported in the local newspaper _in broad daylight yesterdayA) to be robbed B) to have keen robbedC) robbed D)h

44、aving been robbed59) Hurry up, or the tickets _out by the time we get there. A) will have sold B) will sellC) have sold D) will have been sold60) He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it _.A) was damaged B) should be damagedC) damaged D) would be damaged【试题答案】15ACADC 610BCBDA1115CBCAD 1620DCCDB2125CAACD 2630DCBBB3135DCDBB 3640CAABB4145CDACA 4650CACCA5155BCACA 5660BBBDB