高中暑期课程10-非谓语动词难点考点解析(教师版)

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1、精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号_ _ 学员编号： 年 级： 课时数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目： 学科教师： 学科组长/带头人签名及日期课 题 非谓语动词难点、考点解析 授课时间： 备课时间： 教学目标 1、区分不定式、分词作定语和状语的异同2、掌握非谓语动词的解体步骤和常考点重点、难点区分不定式、分词作定语和状语的异同考点及考试要求根据非谓语动词在句中的作用正确运用非谓语动词教学内容Step1 GreetingMake greetings with students. T: What do you think of the 3D movie Titanic?S: Step2 ReviewFir

2、st, we have these proverbs to learn today. Read the following proverbs and guess their meanings. 1. A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 开头不好，结尾必糟。 2. A good beginning makes a good ending. 欲善其终 , 必先善其始。 3. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实4. To see is to believe. 眼见为实Step3 Differences (非谓语动词的区别)第三和第四句这两个句子有什

3、么区别呢？Seeing is believing. 眼见为实To see is to believe. 眼见为实还有I like singing. 和I dont like to sing in public. 又有什么区别呢？Ving分词与不定式的区别：一、. ing分词作主语和表语时与不定式的区别： -ing分词和动词不定式作主语和表语的主要区别在于：在表示比较抽象的一般的多次性行为时多用-ing分词；在表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。如：Smoking is forbidden here. （泛指吸烟）这里禁止吸烟。Its not good for you to

4、 smoke so much. （指你吸烟）吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。My job is to teach you English this term. 我这一学期的工作是教你们英语。二、. v.ing和不定式作宾语的区别:1. 下列动词既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语，含义基本相同：begin, start, continue, propose等如：Then we began making/ to make plans for the work. 然后我们开始制定工作计划。I propose making/ to make a chang

5、e in the plan. 我建议把计划作一些改动。2. like, love, hate, prefer等动词后可接动名词或不定式，但有区别。后接动名词时，表示习惯性的、一般性的动作，接不定式，通常表示某一次的，具体的动作。如：I prefer watching TV to going to the cinema.I prefer to watch TV rather than go to the cinema tonight.3. 有些词后面既可以接不定式亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：Aremember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having d

6、one)，接不定式，表示将来意义：例如：Please remember to bring me the book I want next time. I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.I regretted having said that to you. 我很后悔对你说了那样的话。I regret to say(tell you) that you are fired. 我很遗憾的要告诉你，你被炒鱿鱼了。Bmean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要；mean doing：意味着，就是例如：I

7、 am sorry, I didnt mean to hurt your feelings， Learning a foreign language doesnt mean just working in class.Cstop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语；stop doing停止干例如：After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest. After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.Dtry：try to do，努力，试图干事；try doing

8、：试着干事。 例如：The doctors tried to save her life. 尽力救The doctors tried talking in English. 尝试用英语交谈E. go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。 go on doing继续做原来做的事。 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this

9、one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习 F. be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕； be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为生怕，恐怕。 She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。 She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒

10、她丈夫。 She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。 G. begin(start) doing/to do begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth. 1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing. How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？ 2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry。 我开始生起气来。

11、 3)在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。 I begin to understand the truth。 我开始明白真相。 4)物作主语时 It began to melt. 三、不定式和V-ing作宾语补语的区别： V-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。（1）不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用

12、-ing形式作宾补，表示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。Do you hear someone knocking at the door?(Someone is knocking at the door.)有人在敲门你听见了吗？Do you hear someone knock at the door? (Someone knocked at the door just now

13、.) 你听见有人敲门了吗？四、 V-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别：-ing形式作定语用时，其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如：The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.五、V-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别：-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的、结果或主语产生某种情感态度的

14、原因状语，如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.Ving分词与过去分词的区别一、. 过去分词和ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。They were frightened to h

15、ear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; p

16、leasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。二、过去分词和ing分词作定语的区别：过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况由此可见，过去分词作

17、定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。三、用分词短语作状语时，还应注意在句子主语和分词短语之间不能使用并列连词。如： 误Not knowing what to do，so she asked her friends for advice 正Not knowing what to do，she asked her friends for advice 四、分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语相一致。分词与主语之间如果是主动关系，就用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词。例如：主动时态被动时态一般时态doing Done（被动的动作）进行时态doin

18、gbeing done（正在进行的被动动作）完成时态having donedone/having been done（已经完成的被动动作）Hearing the good news，we couldnt help jumping with joy（When we heard the good news，we couldnt help jumping with joy） Seen from the hills，the West Lake is very beautiful（The West Lake is very beautiful when it is seen from the hills

19、）非谓语动词基本解题步骤寻找句子谓语动词V1或主干，确定非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用。在句子中，非谓语动词除了不能作谓语，其他的成分都能作。如下表：非谓语动词 在句子中充当的成分主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语to do doing done (2)寻找非谓语动词的逻辑主语，判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系，确定非谓语动词的主/被动形式（逻辑主语发出动作，用主动形式；逻辑主语承受动作，用被动形式）。比较非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作的先、后或同步顺序，确定非谓语动词时间性质。非谓语动词的基本形式及区别如下表：非谓语动词 与逻辑主语主/被动关系 动作与谓语动词V1动作的时间性对比to do 主动

20、将要进行/一次性动作/偶尔发生doing 主动 正在进行/习惯性动作/经常发生done 被动 已经/完成非谓语动词具体常考考点如下：作主语的考点：句型：Its +adj./n. +to do和Its no good/no use doing。to do/doing作主语，谓语动词用单数。作表语的考点：句型：ones dream/plan/goal/aim/intention/purpose/ is to do sth.。sth. remain done (某事某物处于状态)/ sth. remain to be done(某事某物有待于)。 主语有do，表语可无to，如：What you sh

21、ould do is (to) listen carefully.V-ing形容词作表语，表示事物客观性质特征，“令人的”，V-ed形容词作表语，表示主观心理感受，“感到”，如：exciting/excited。作宾语的考点：记忆：分别只能跟doing或to do作宾语的动词和短语；既能跟doing又能跟to do作宾语且意义有区别的动词和短语；介词只能跟doing作宾语。记忆跟doing主动表被动的动词和短语：need/want/require +doing=need/want/require+to be done；be worth doing=be worthy of beingdone/

22、be worthy to be done。 wish/intend/plan/mean +to have done表“本打算做却未实现”。but/except/other than可跟to do作宾语，且“有do无to”，如：We had no choice but to wait./We could do nothing but wait.作定语的考点：常考to be done(将被的)/being done(正被)/done(已经被)。有first/last/next/最高级/序数词等修饰的名词，须跟to do作修饰语。sb. have sth. to do表“某人有事要(亲自)做”；sb

23、. have sth. to be done表“某人有事要(让别人)做”。作状语的考点： to do一般作目的状语，“为了”；在固定句型：sb. be +(心情)adj. +to do作原因状语，在sb. be too to do中作结果状语；only +to do表“意料之外的结果”，thus +doing表“自然而然的结果”。doing和done作状语均表状态，一个主动，一个被动。分词相当于形容词，可以直接作状语，表主语所处状态。如：faced with，dressed in。非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。作补语的考点：记忆使役动词和感官动词的宾补：make/let +O +

24、do/done；have +O +do/doing/done；get/leave +O +to do/doing/done；keep/find+O +doing/done；look at /see/watch/notice /observe/listen to /hear/feel +O +do/doing/done。注意：have/get sth. done作使役动词的宾补，常表“使某事被别人做/让他人做某事”；省to不等式“被动还原”，如：be made to do。记忆须用to do作宾补的4个动词：advise/allow/permit/forbid +O +to do；以及须用to

25、do作宾补的其他动词，如：ask/tell/beg/order/wish/warn/+O +to do。记忆产生主补的动词：sb. be made/seen/+to do；sb. be advised/allowed/permitted/forbidden to do。记忆主补句型：sb. be reported/said/+to do=Its reported / said that从句(据)；以及sb./sth. be + adj. +to do (某人/某物具有的性质特征)，此句型中to do主动表被动。巩固练习（2011江苏卷,31Recently a survey prices of

26、 the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“最近一项调查引起了市民们的激烈讨论，该调查是比较在两个不同超市里的相同商品的价格。”句子的主语是a survey，谓语动词是has caused，宾语是heated debate。由此可见，原句不缺主干成分，“ prices of the same goods in two diffe

27、rent supermarkets”该部分是来修饰survey的，做后置定语。排除C作谓语动词的选项。由于prices作compare的宾语，是主动形式，所以选B。（2011全国卷,27The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。【解析】句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。（2011陕

28、西卷,14Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left. A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked【答案】D【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Claire在登机前一小时她携带的行李接受了检查。”have sth. done“让被做”。逻辑主语是her luggage，和check的关系是被动关系，所以【答案】选择D。（2011上海春招,34Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and

29、 polished.A. lookedB. to lookC. lookingD. to be looking【答案】C【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，还打过腊。”A项looked是谓语形式，但句中没有连词；B项不定式to look和D项to be looking如果都表结果，那只能由Mike执行这个动作，与题意不符；C项looking表明车子的特性，作伴随状语，故选C。（2011上海春招,36 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the r

30、iginal fun park. A. OpenedB. Having openedC. OpeningD. Being opened【答案】A【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。”open开业，与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系；D项Being opened表正在进行，但开业的事实已经发生，故选A。（2011上海春招,40Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before. A. to work B. to be wor

31、king C. to have worked D. to have been working【答案】C【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。”“做过木匠”这事发生在过去，不定式应当用完成式，表示发生过，排除A、B项。因为现在是明星，排除D项，选C。（2011浙江卷,3Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years.A.having B had C. have D. to have【答案】A【考点】考查独立主格结构

32、。【解析】句意为“令人惊讶的是，蝙蝠是长寿的动物，有些能活20年左右。”had和have是谓语动词形式，题中没有连词，无法并存两个句子。to have表将来；having表伴随，因此，选A。（2011浙江卷,14Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words.A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“甚至最优秀的作家有时也会发现他们难以用文字表达自己。”lose是及物动词，A、C、D项都是主动式，空格后没有lose的宾语，故用过去分词lo

33、st当形容词用，作find themselves的宾语补足语。选B。（2011浙江卷,19If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheered B. be cheeresd C. to be cheered D. were cheered【答案】C【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“如果他们赢了今晚的决赛，队员们将会巡游全城，接受热心支持者的欢呼。”A项being cheered正在进行；B项be

34、cheeresd是谓语原形；D项were cheered也是谓语，但句中已有谓语are going to；C项to be cheered表示将来，同时也表示被动。根据语境，选C。（2011重庆卷,29More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced peoples concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised【答案】A【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“据政府官员说，为了唤起人们对食品安全

35、的关注，将制作更多的电视节目。”raising表示伴随；to have raised表示动作已发生；having raised表示动作先发生；to raise表示目的状语，事情还没有发生，是前面“将制作更多的电视节目”的目的，因此，选A。语法填空-参考答案：1. growing, 2. gathering , 3. to express, 4. confused, 5. expected, 6. teach, 7. eating, 8. accept, 9. working , 10. be sunburnedStep 4 Homework1. They set out _ for the _

36、 boy.A. searching; losing B. searching; lostC. to search; lost D. to search; missed2. _ her mother had come, her face lit up.A. Hearing B. Having heardC. When hearing D. When she heard3. They arrived at their university very late, _ the gate closely shut.A. found B. to find C. find D. finding4. -Do

37、you have anything more _, sir?-No. You can have a rest or do something else.A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type5. The manager promised to keep me _ of how our business was going on.A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing6. With a lot of difficult problems _, the manager f

38、elt worried all the time.A. to settle B. settling C. settled D. being settled7. Will those _ the children from abroad come to the headmasters office?A. teaching B. teach C. who teaches D. who teaching8. After _ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A. being interviewed B. intervi

39、ewedC. interviewing D. having interviewed9. They apologized for _ to attend the meeting.A. their not being able B. their being not ableC. them not able D. them being able not10. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going练习答案：1-5CDDBC 6-10AAAAA