高考英语阅读理解5大题解型析(福建省版)

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1、阅读理解5大题型解析一、细节理解题：定义：对原文的某事物、现象或理论等进行提问。它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。 问题主要包询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect) 以及文中的数据(data)等等。特征：题干中包含有比较明确的具体信息，可以在原文中找到相对应的位置。解题方法：定位法：根据题干信息回归原文找到相对应的位置（最好做划线记号），然后仔细分析划线部分前面或后面的句子，与选项做对比，与原文表述相一致的即为正确选项。要特别注意的是，原文与选项对比是要表达意思一致，而不仅仅是某几

2、个单词一样。经典例题：（2010年福建高考英语卷C篇）Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the

3、 same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly.

4、Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a companys environmental reputation was not good enough.Harry Morrison, chief executive（主管）of the Car

5、bon Trust, sympathizes: “I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is tickingwe dont have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”Larger companies ha

6、ve an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions （排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which compa

7、nies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing.“When companies are grant

8、ed（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.66According to Harry Morrison, businesses .A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissions B. should buy carbon allowances for shoppersC. are requi

9、red to make up for their carbon emissions D. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere实战演练：（2010年福建高考英语卷E篇）In the United States, there were some well-constructed houses for native Indians, ranging from the simple brush shelter to the five-storied pueblo. In the eastern United States, o

10、ne of the existing types was that commonly know under the Algonkian name of wigwam in which the Iroquois Indians lived. The wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends, made by bending young trees to form the round shape. Over this shape pieces of tree bark were laid to protect the

11、Indians from bad weather. Over the bark dried grass was added. A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top. Doorways at each en served also as windows, The Iroquois Indians built trunk walls all around their villages. The wall had only one opening. They could quickly close this opening if thei

12、r enemies came near. Interestingly, the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi also lived in a wigwam of a most primitive(原始的) construction, but different from those of the Iroquois Indians. The Choctaw Indians wigwams, made from mud, cane and straw, were in the form of a bee-hive. The covering was made of

13、a long, tough grass. A post in the centre supported the roof. A hole in the top admitted the light, and allowed the smoke to pass out. The tipi tent-housing of the upper lake and plains area was put up with poles set lightly in the ground, tied together near the top, and covered with bark and grass

14、in the lake country. It was easily portable, and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour. The Pawnee, Mandan and other Indian tribes (部落) along the Missouri built solid ring-shaped structures of trunk, covered with earth and dried grass, housing a dozen families. The Wichita and oth

15、er tribes of the Texas border built large ring-shaped houses covered with dried grass. Apart from the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing.73. According to the passage, the Pawnee Indians built their houses _.A. with openings in the trunk walls B. large enough for several fa

16、milies C. in a ring shape with bark and mud D. by bending young trees to form the shape xx|二、推理判断题：定义：在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，根据文章的信息做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。它包括判断和推理题，这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。近年来高考推理判断题的题量有加大的趋势，考生一定要注意：特征：一般有如下提问方式：（1） It can be inferred from the passage

17、 / text that _. 或What can be inferred from the passage?（2） It may be concluded from the passage that_（3） The passage suggests that _（4） Which of the following is TRUE/Not True according to the passage?（5） We can learn/know from the passage that_.（6） According to the text, which can best describe ?（7

18、） Which is true about ?解题方法：排除法：由于题干中没有提供具体的信息让我们在原文中找到位置，所以这类题型只能从选项入手，A、B、C、D四个选项逐个与原文对比分析，先排除在原文中能找得到且对比之后发现与原文不一致的错误选项，再排除文章中未提到的选项，最后得出正确选项，正确选项总是和原文中的某句话、某个信息由直接或间接地关系。经典例题：（2010年福建高考英语卷C篇）Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance. It requires you to predict wh

19、at other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected , When alcohol is consumed, it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant （抑制药），damaging eyesight, judgment and co-ordination （协调），slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents. Even below the

20、drink driving link, driving will be affected.Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain. Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very

21、 slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is: 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of blood; or 22 micrograms of alcohol per 100ml

22、 of breath; or 67 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of urine(尿液)Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.Any drive found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximu

23、m of HK25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving-offence points; or temporarily banned from driving.The same punishment applies to failing to provide specimens(样本) far breath, blood or urine tests without good excuse.Drink driving is a criminal offence. Be a resp

24、onsible driver, think before you drink. For the safety of yourself and other road users, never drive after consuming alcohol.58 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect on driving. B. Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk

25、with fruit juice. C. Having a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body. D.50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below the drink limit实战演练：（2009天津卷D篇）Only three local students won Chinese Blog（博客）Competition. And 15 of the 18 awards went to students from China. 170 students task

26、: to get a fully-designed blog up and running, complete with many postings based on a theme of choiceall written in Chinese. Themes ranged from local opinionssuch as the usage of Singlish, education and whether Singapore can be a cultural centreto food blogs. The entries were judged on Language prof

27、iciency（熟练程度）and the quality of writing, as well as the design and level of exchanging ideas with readers. Academics from the National University of Singapore and the SIM University IT experts, and a journalist from Chinese newspaper Lianhe Zaobao in Singapore made up the judges. In the end, only th

28、ree Singaporean students made it to the award listthe rest of the awards were swept up by students from China. Ks5u“No surprise.” said Mr. Chow Yaw Long, 37 , teachers in charge from Lanova Junior College, which organized the event. “Although the topics were local subjects, the foreign students were

29、 generally better in terms of the content of the posts and their grasp of the Chinese language. ”One of the three local students winning the first prize in the Best Language Award was blogger Christina Gao 19, from the Saint Andrews Junior College, who spared no effort in researching for and writing

30、 her blog. Each entry took her between five and seven days to produce, complete with pictures and even podcasts （播客）Her advice for bloggers is: Be responsible. “Some bloggers out there only seek to blame the authorities and other bloggers.” Said Miss Gao. “I think they lack responsibilities and ther

31、e is no value to their posts.” 57. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Chinese students won most of the awards. B. Not all the themes were about local subjects C. The blogs could be written in Chinese or Singlish. D. The judges were from university in Singapore and China.（200

32、9天津卷D篇）Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when youre doing your holiday shopping online, make sure youre holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making un

33、wise decisionsthose are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A.Bargh. Psychologists have known that one persons perception (感知) of anothers “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary cons

34、ideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Har

35、low, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlows work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young childre

36、n grow into healthy adults with normal social skills. Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions

37、influence judgment in dozens of countries. To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the studys hypotheses (假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a co

38、ld drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those wh

39、o had held the iced drink. “We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.54. We can infer from the passage that _.A. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwideB. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiencesC. capable persons are often

40、 cold to othersD. physical temperature affects how we see others三、主旨大意题：定义：在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，准确把握文章主旨大意。今年来高考主旨大意题有加大题量的趋势，考生要特别注意，特别是对作者意图、观点、态度的提问也是考试的热点题。特征：一般有如下三类提问方式：1、考查文章标题：1) The best title for this passage might be_.2) What is the best title for the passage? 3)

41、 Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 2、考查文章的大意及中心思想：1) This passage chiefly deals with _.2) This passage / The first paragraph is mainly about _.3) What is the subject discussed in the text?3、考查作者的观点、写作态度和意图：1) What is the authors main purpose in wiring this passage?

42、 2) In the passage the author wants to tell/ hold the view that _. 3) The writers attitude toward . is_. 解题方法：抓重点法。纵览全文或全段，抓文章的主题句、主题词、反复提及的词等经典例题：（2011年福建高考英语卷D篇）Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two

43、 decades of her life, she revealed herself as she did nowhere else.After the death of her second husband, Greek shipping magnate（巨头）Aristotle Onassis Jacquelines close friend and former White House social secretary Letitis Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career in publishing. After co

44、nsideration, Jacqueline accepted it. Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life .She became not less but more interested in reading. For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publishers editor, first at Viking, then at Doubleday ,pursuing（追求）a late-life

45、 career longer than her two marriages combined. During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books. Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes. She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers an

46、d Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversation into a book, The Power of Myth. The book went on to become an international best-seller. She dealt too, with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography(自传)，Moonwalk.Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her soci

47、al relations, but she soon proved her worth. Her choices, suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing since and to Jacqueline herself. In the books she selected for publication, she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record o

48、f the growth of her mind. Her books are the autobiography she never wrote. Her role as First lady, in the end, was overshadowed by her performance as an editor. However, few knew that she had achieved so much.71. The passage is mainly . A. an introduction of Jacquelines life both as Fist Lady and as

49、 editor.B. a brief description of Jacquelines lifelong experiences.C. a brief account of Jacquelines career as an editor in her last 20 years.D. an analysis of Jacquelines social relations in publishing（2011年福建高考英语卷E篇）The internet will open up new vistas (前景), create the global village- -you can mak

50、e new friends all around the world. That, at least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account. The reality is that we cannot keep relationship with a limited number of people. No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication, its best

51、 efforts will be defeated by your mind.The problem is twofold（双重的）. First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amou

52、nt of time you invest（投入）in then. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute whats left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline（减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.T

53、his is not, of course, to say that the internet doesnt serve a socially valuable function. Of course it does. But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends go

54、ing even though you have to more to the other side of the world.In one sense, thats a good thing. But it also has a disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see then, then certainly you arent using your time to make new friends where you now live. And

55、 I suspect that probably isnt the best use of your time. Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face. The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it wont stop that happening eventually.75. What is the authors attitude towards

56、the use of the internet to strengthen relationships?A. He is uncertain about it. B. He is hopeful of it. C. He approves of it. D. He doubts it.实战演练：（2010福建高考英语卷C篇）（题目见第1页）64Whats the main idea of the passage?ABusinesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.BCompanies will soon get

57、information about cutting carbon emissions.CFirms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.DFirms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppersenvironmental awareness.Decision thinking is not unlike poker- it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think yo

58、u think and what you think they think you think. The mental process is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers.The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he show

59、ed that all games of “perfect information”, games like chess where the players cant hide anything or play tricks; they dont win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of “imperfect information”, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of ac

60、tion is better than another.One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and u

61、nknowable factors which would even puzzle the best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.Q. The subject discussed in this text is _A. the process of reaching decision

62、B. the difference between poker and chessC. the secret of making good business plans D. the value of information in winning games“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor

63、of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves.” he said. Q. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors impor

64、tance D. invite the readers to answer them四、词义猜测题：定义：根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合应有的常识和经验，正确判断文章中划线的生词、词组、或句子在特定语境中表达的具体含义。特征：一般有如下提问方式，猜测的内容包括单词、词组、句子和代词指代（it/that）1) The underlined word “” in the second (third) paragraph refers to (means) _.2) In paragraph , “” can be replaced by “_”3) Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “”in paragraph?解题方法：分析推断法、排除法：审视划线部分左右两边的句子，根据划线部分两边的句子中的重要提示信息或逻辑关键词去分析判断。经典例题：