动名词语法导学案

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1、非谓语动词之一动名词(doing)导学案及练习一、动名词的句法功能动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作 、 、 、 等成分。1、 作主语1） 直接位于句首做主语。 _ _ is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 _ _ is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。_ _ is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2）用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：It is + no use/no good/useless +

2、 v.-ing It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is useless _. 劝说这样的人加入真是没用。3） 用于“There be”结构中。 常用句型：There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do There is no saying when hell come._There is no joking about such matters. _注意：在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。4） 用于布告形式的省略结构中。 No smoking ( =N

3、o smoking is allowed (here) ). _ No parking. _5） 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： _ to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。_ there wont be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。2、动名词作宾语1）. 既可用不定式，也可用动名词做宾语，意思上无多大的区别这样的动词有: begin, start, continue,

4、 等e.g. Have you started to work /working yet?_.2）. 可用不定式做宾语，表示一时，一次的动作，表示某一具体行为也可用动名词做宾语，表示经常性的动作，表示一般或抽象动作这样的动词有：like, love ,prefer, hate 等e.g. I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. _.3）. 动词forget, remember, regret, try, mean,stop 等后可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：forget doing sth_. forge

5、t to do sth._。eg: I forgot to turn off the light. I forgot turning off the light。remember doing sth_. remember to do sth._。eg: Please remember to write to me. I remember posting the letter.regret doing sth._。regret to do sth._。eg: I regret to say I cant go with you. She regretted telling me about th

6、at.try doing sth. _ 。 try to do sth. _ 。eg: You must try to finish the work.Try telling that to Tom, hell be angry.mean doing sth._. mean to do sth._。 eg: I didnt mean to hurt your feelings.This means going there at once.4）.只能接动名词作宾语的及物动词，有： *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest,

7、allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, cant stand, put off, give up等。如：Would you mind _?吧窗户打开好吗？She suggested _ _ for the spring outing. 她建议去长

8、城春游。Seeing the picture, he couldnt help_ . 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。Mark often attempts to escape_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。*形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。The music is well worth_ more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。5）作动词短语中介词的宾语*能接动名词的动词短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of,

9、 prevent/keep/stopfrom, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend(in), feel like, preferto, instead of, in cas

10、e of等等。We are thinking of_. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to_? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？Ann has been looking forward to _ for a long time. 安好久以来就盼望着来中国。*在下面的句型结构中，介词in常可省略：（1）S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing（2）S + speng time/money + (

11、in) +V.ing（3）S + be busy + (in) +V.ing（4）S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing （立即 ）We are busy _. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。6）. 动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时， 其后可接动名词的主动式(doing)作宾语，也可接不定式的被动式（to be done）作宾语，意义一样。 eg: The library needs to be cleaned. =The library needs_.7）. 在be worth, be busy 后接动名词作宾语。 e g: The bo

12、ok is worth reading.Do you have any difficulty_? 要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？3、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语通常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。My job is teaching English.Your task is_. 你的任务就是擦窗户。What I hate most is _. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 4、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：a walking stick a stick for walking=a stic

13、k which is used for walking_a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing_a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading_sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping_二、动名词的复合结构带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主

14、代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如：_ encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) _ caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常

15、用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：Would you mind _? 用下你的电脑介意吗？The father insisted on_. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。_ made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。_ made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。三、动名词的时态和语态根据下列句子完成下列表格：He gave up smoking .Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.Talking with John is interersti

16、ng.My hobby is painting .She was sorry for having spoken to you.He didnt like being treated as an old man.I forget having been told about it.I apologize for not having waiting for you. u 写出动名词的形式：以do为例。 式态 主 动 语 态 被 动 语 态 一般式 完成式 （一）时态1、动名词一般式：表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生的

17、动作。I hate_. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。_ is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。2、动名词的完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。I dont remember_. 我记不得以前见过他。Thank you for _. 谢谢你费力帮忙。He denied_ from the cash register. 他否认从现金出纳机里拿了钱。（二）语态动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其后发生。如：I dont like_ in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。He c

18、ame in without_. 没有谁请他进来他自己进来了。（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：I am very pleased at_ a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。四、动名词的否定式：not + V.-ing,即在V-ing 前面直接加 not 即可，不需要助动词。I regret_ help you. 我很抱歉不能帮助你。I apologize for_. 没有等你，我向你表示歉意。即时巩固：判断动名词在句子中所作的成分：He gave up smoking .( )Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. (

19、 )Talking with John is interersting. ( )My hobby is painting . ( )She was sorry for having spoken to you. ( )He didnt like being treated as an old man. ( )I forget having been told about it. ( )I apologize for not having waiting for you. ( )His favorite sport is running. ( )My book is in a reading r

20、oom.( )Its no use talking with him. ( )I forgot turning off the light. ( )She regretted telling me about that. ( )He devotes himself to teaching. ( )Exercises:1._ (learn)a language requires time and effort.2. It is not always easy _(refuse) invitations.3. _ (节省钱) now seems impossible.4. It is no goo

21、d _(吸烟). You should give up _(smoke).5. It is no _ debating with Tom, because he will never change his mind.A. useB. helpC. timeD. money6. _ the assignment made his father lose his temper. A. The boys not having doneB. The boy not having done C. The boys having not doneD. The boy having not done7. I

22、 dont remember _ about it. A. him telling usB. his telling us C. him to tell usD. he tells us8.My fathers job is (修车).9.He is interesting in (collect) stamps.10.I have some difficulty (in) (study) English.11.She is fond of (read) novels.12.My clothes need / (wash).13.眼见为实 （汉译英）14.跑鞋 （汉译英）15.候车室 （汉译英

23、）16.洗衣机 （汉译英）17.She regretted （ tell) me about that.18.It is difficult finishing this task in two hours.(改错)19.They had difficulty to collect so much money in short time. (改错)20.Fail to pass the exam made her upset. (改错)21.As soon as the teacher came in the classroom, the students stopped to speak. (改错)