2014高考英语分类基础热身练单词(9)

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1、2014高考英语分类基础热身练：单词基础自主回顾.课标单词1_(adj.)平均的2_(vt.)包含；包括_(n.)容器；器皿3_(n.)接近；通路_(adj.)可进入的；可使用的4_(n.)保护；防卫_(vt.)averagecontaincontaineraccessaccessibledefencedefend5_(vt.)创造；发明_(n.)创造(力)_(adj.)有创造性的6_(n.)百分数；百分率_(n.)百分之7_(vt.)设计_(n.)设计者8_(n.)发明_(vt.)_(n.)发明者9_(n.)许可_(vt.)允许10_(vi.)集中(注意力、思想等)_(n.)createcr

2、eationcreativepercentagepercentdesigndesignerinventioninventinventorpermissionpermitconcentrateconcentration11_(adj.)明确的_(n.)释义_(vt.)阐明；解释12_(adj.)独立的_(n.)独立_(反义词)依赖的；依靠的13_(adv.)时常；经常_(adj.)_(n.)频率14_(n.)弊端；缺点_(n.)优点；长处15_(vt.)缩短_(adj.)短的；缺乏的definitedefinitiondefineindependentindependencedependentf

3、requentlyfrequentfrequencydisadvantageadvantageshortenshort.常用短语1_作为而出名；被称为；叫作2_下降3_提出4_从那时起5_聚精会神；集中思想6_与相比become known as.go downcome up withfrom that moment onconcentrate oncompared with7_注册/注销8_由组成9_也10_一系列11_指给某人看12_包起来13_在帮助下log on/offconsist ofas wella series ofpoint sth. out to sb.wrap upwit

4、h the help of.重点句型1_ then became possible _ the system as well.之后大学使用这个系统也成为可能。答案：It; for universities to use2BernersLee _ for everyone _the Internet, not just universities and the army.贝尔纳斯李使每个人都能使用因特网成为可能，而不仅仅是大学和军队使用。答案：made it possible; to use3Our English teacher is excellent, but she _ help _ i

5、n the class in 50 minutes.我们的英语老师很优秀，但她不能在50分钟内帮助所有的学生。答案：cant; everyone4It _ much better if we _the time working on a computer.如果我们把这时间用于在电脑上学习，情况就好得多。答案：would be; spent.模块语法1(2007北京卷)I looked under _ bed and found _ book I lost last week.Athe; aBthe; theC/; the Dthe; /答案与解析：B本题考查定冠词表示特指的用法。此处都表示特指

6、。2(2007山东卷)_ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _ packed lunch.AA; a BThe; /CThe; a DA; /答案与解析：C本题考查冠词的用法。第一个空格处表特指，即预料到这次步行要花费一整天的时间，所以就带了一份盒饭作为午饭。表示一日三餐的名词前通常不加冠词，但当与形容词连词时，则需要加不定冠词。3(2007全国)Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village.A

7、the; the Bthe; aC/; the Dthe; /答案与解析：B本题考查冠词的用法。the姓的复数形式，表示“夫妇”或“一家人”a Johnson；表示一个名叫约翰逊的人。4(2009山东烟台检测)Hey, please do me _ favor. I must get some money from _ ATM machine.Athe; a Ba; theCthe; an Da; /答案与解析：B第一空为do sb. a favor“帮某人一个忙”，为固定搭配；第二空特指ATM机，故选B。5(2009浙江宁波质检)What do you remember Alexander

8、Graham Bell as?As _ inventor of _ telephone.Aan; / Bthe; aCthe; the D/; the答案与解析：C本题考查。第一空为特指，用the；第二空telephone为发明物，其前也加the，为习惯用法。考点探究解密考 点 解 读1contain vt.包含，包括，里面装有；含有；忍住，抑制contain oneself自制be contained between/with包含于间，(夹)在间container n容器，集装箱注意：contain 不用于进行时态。朗文在线：He opened the bag, which containe

9、d a razor，soap and a towel.他打开袋子，里面有一把剃须刀、一块香皂和一条毛巾。John couldnt contain his amusement a moment longer.约翰再也忍俊不禁。Doctors are struggling to contain the epidemic.医生们正在努力防止这种流行病的传播。词语辨析：contain与includecontain通常用来指某种容器中盛有某物，装有某物，还指某种物质中含有某成分或含有其他物质。指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。include通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内。在句中常构成分

10、词短语sth.included或including sth.。命题方向：常用词语辨析题的形式及include的分词用法考查。活学巧练：用contain或include的正确形式填空(1)He was so excited that he could hardly_himself.(2)Then in came five people，_two foreigners.(3)Do you know what the bottle_？containincludingcontains(4)(20092010学年度合肥工大附中高三第四次月考)This box _all the books you nee

11、d，_an EnglishEnglish dictionary.Acontained；includedBcontained；includingCincluded；contained Dincluded；containing答案与解析：Bcontain 包含全部，在句中作谓语。including为介词，意思是包括。2access n接近，进入；接近或进入的方法，到达(或进入，使用，走访)的权利或机会There is no access to the street through that door.be easy/hard of access容易/难接近have/gain/get/obtain

12、access to得以接近，得以会见，得以进入，得以使用give access to接见，准许出入注意：其后多与介词to连用，其前多与介词of连用。accessible adj.可理解的，易接近的be accessible to容易接近的朗文在线：Access to the restrooms is through the foyer.去洗手间要穿过大厅。The public dont have access to the site.公众无权进入此地。The police managed to gain access through an upstairs window.警察设法通过楼上的一扇

13、窗户进入了屋子。命题方向：常考查access构成的短语及其形容词作为干扰项的题目。活学巧练：(2009潍坊五月)I think it is a top priority for the government to furnish the children with _to the information superhighway.Aprocedure BallowanceCmeans Daccess答案与解析：Dprocedure“程序”；allowance“允许，许可”；means“方法”；access“进入，侵袭”。由句意可知D项合适。3concentrate v集中(注意力)，专心(致志

14、于)；集中于一点，汇合concentrator n集中器concentrative adj.(趋于)集中的，集中性的，专心的concentrated adj.集中的，浓缩的concentration n集中，集合，专心，浓缩，浓度concentrate sth. on/upon sth./doing sth.把专注于concentrate on/upon专注于concentrate the/ones mind使某人急切地，认真地考虑某事知识链接：fix.on. 把集中于focus.on. 集中center on 把中心放在devote.to sth. 把专用于apply oneself to专

15、心致力于，专心于attend to sth.致力于误区警示：注意以上给出的短语所用的介词的不同。朗文在线：A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。He concentrated his energies on studying.他把精力专注于研究上。命题方向：高考中通过语境对concentrate on作语义和结构的考查。活学巧练：The exam is drawing near; as a result，we must have our attention_on our study.Which

16、 is wrong?Afixed BfocusedCconcentrated Ddevoted答案与解析：D“把集中于”可用下列结构：fix/focus/concentrate.on.; devote. to.。4design vt.&vi.设计；拟定；筹划；意图n.图样；图案；设计(图)精讲拓展：designn.设计；拟定design for为设计designer n设计者；制图者；谋划者by design故意地；有意地be designed for/to do专为而做(设置)have designs on对抱不良企图；企图将某物据为己有design sb./sth.for/design s

17、b.to be打算让某人从事(某种职业)；预定某物作(某种用途)误区警示：be designed接名词需用介词for，接动词需用不定式形式。朗文在线：One or two changes have been made to the computers basic design.对电脑的基本设计已作了一两处改动。A local architect designed the theatre.一名当地的建筑师设计了这座剧院。These exercises are designed to develop and strengthen muscles.这些练习是为了增强肌肉力量而设计的。命题方向：be

18、designed for sth./to do sth.及by design是重要的考查点。活学巧练：Whether this happened_or not we shall never know.Ain design Bon designCby design Dwith design答案与解析：C有意地，故意地是by design。5compare v比较，对比精讲拓展：compare.with.把和比较compare with.比得上compare.to.把比作(be) compared to/with与相比compare notes交流体会，交换意见in comparison with

19、与相比by comparison比较起来(常用于句首)误区警示：in comparison后接介词时用with而不用to。朗文在线：There is nothing to compare with a nice cold drink when you get home after work.下班回家后，没有什么能比得上喝上一杯可口的冷饮更惬意了。Compared to our small apartment，our uncles house seemed like a palace.跟我们的小公寓房比起来，叔叔的房子就像是宫殿一般。How does life in Britain compar

20、ed with life in the States?与美国的生活相比，英国生活如何？命题方向：compared to/with短语是经常考查的对象。特别提示：compare.to和compare.with当“拿着和比较”时，两者可以通用，但当“把比作成为”时，常用compare.to.。compare with与can连用时，多用于否定句或疑问句，否定形式表示“无法与相比，比不上”。活学巧练：_with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.ACompare BWhen comparing

21、CComparing DWhen compared答案与解析：D本题考查非谓语动词，从句式结构上来看先排除A项。又compare与逻辑主语the biggest ocean之间是动宾关系，故须用被动形式。6average n平均，平均数；一般水平，平均标准adj.平均的，通常的 v平均为，计算出的平均数精讲拓展：an average of平均有above/below average在平均水平以上(以下)on average作为平均数，一般地，通常with an average of平均为误区警示：“the average of.”作主语，谓语动词用单数，意为“的平均数”。“an average

22、 of复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数，意为“平均有”(跟数词)。朗文在线：Average earnings in the state are about $ 1,500 a month.这个国家的人均月收入为1,500美元。The average of 3,8 and 10 is 7.3,8,10的平均数为7。On average men smoke more cigarettes than women.平均来看，男子比女子吸烟多。命题方向：average作名词的用法在各类考试中是经常考查的。活学巧练：An average of ten students_passed the exam ea

23、ch class.Ahavent BhasntCisnt Darent答案与解析：Aan average of名数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。7consist of 构成，包括，由组成His job consists of helping old people who live alone.他的工作包括帮助无人照顾的独居老人。精讲拓展：consist in 在于consist with 与一致，并存；并立知识链接：be made up of 由组成make up sth. 组成be composed of 由构成误区警示：consist of通常不用进行时也不用被动语态。朗文在线：Bologna

24、ise sauce consists of minced beef，onion，tomatoes, garlic and seasoning.博洛尼亚肉酱由碎牛肉、洋葱、西红柿、大蒜和佐料调制而成。The beauty of Venice consists largely in the style of its ancient buildings.威尼斯的美很大程度上在于城中古建筑物的风格。命题方向：常考查consist of的正确运用即无被动与进行时形式。活学巧练：(2009湖北八校)Native Americans from the southeasten part of what is

25、now the United States believed that the universe in which they lived was _three worlds.Amade up for Bmade up ofCconsisted of Dmade up答案与解析：Bmake up for“弥补”；be made up ofconsist of“由组成”；make up sth.“组成”。根据句意只有B对。8come up with(1)赶上；(2)提出，提供，找到(答案、办法等)；(3)拿出(一笔钱等)You should work harder to come up with

26、the others.为了赶上其他人，你应该更加努力。He came up with a new idea about our plan.关于我们的计划，他提出了新的想法。精讲拓展：come across 偶然碰见；无意中找到come after 跟着来，跟在后面come along 一起来，一道走；同意come at 攻击，扑向；达到；得到come upon/on 偶然遇见(某人)，无意中发现(某物)come out 出来；出现；(芽)生出来，(花)开；出版come round 到来；再度来；来访；绕道而行come to 达到，总计为；终于；结果是；苏醒(过来)come to oneself

27、 (昏迷后)苏醒过来；恢复理性，停止胡闹come up 走近；上(楼)来；(从土中)长出，发芽；被提出；流行起来11come about 发生12when it comes to sth./doing sth. 当涉及某事(或做某事)时误区警示：come构成的短语要注意及物或不及物的区别。朗文在线：Is that the best excuse you can come up with?那就是你能想出的最好借口吗？How am I supposed to come up with $10,000?我怎么能拿得出1万美元来？命题方向：come up with常以词语辨析题的形式出现在各类考试题目

28、中。活学巧练：(2009温州市高三第一次适应性测试题)Sir Hugh Beaver _the idea for the Guinness Book of World Records when settling an argument about the fastest bird.Aheld on to Blooked out forCcame up with Dmade use of答案与解析：Ccome up with 提出，为及物动词短语。而A“抓住”；B“当心”；D“利用”都不符合句意。9.，but she cant help everyone in the class in 50 m

29、inutes.但她不能在50分钟内帮助班里的每一个人。not和everyone连用构成部分否定。Not everyone has been there.并非大家都去过那儿。精讲拓展：有些表示全体意义的词与not连用表示部分否定，如代词all，both以及all，both，whole，every所修饰的名词词组，包括every所构成的复合代词。有些副词如altogether，always，entirely，wholly，quite等，以及含有all，both，whole，every等的副词性词组，在句中作状语，若句中含有not，则本句表示部分否定。若句中有none，neither，no，neve

30、r或not.any时则表示全部否定。误区警示：any所修饰的名词或由any构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定式。也就是说，我们只能说not.any，但不能说any.not。Anything cannot stop him going there.(误)Nothing can stop him going there.(正)任何事都不能阻止他去那儿。朗文在线：Not all the children were vaccinated.并不是所有的孩子都注射了疫苗命题方向：语境中考查部分否定，有时也会对代词的全部否定用法进行考查。活学巧练：We cant eat in the resta

31、urant，because _of us have money with us.Aeveryone Bnot allCnone Dnobody答案与解析：C句意：我们不能在饭店吃饭，因为我们身上没有钱。从四个选项来看A项首先排除；D项与of连不成；B项表示部分否定，所以只有C项对。10BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet，.贝尔维斯李使每个人都能使用因特网变成可能，精讲拓展：make it possible to do使做某事成为可能make宾语宾语补足语，这是一个常用句式，其中作宾语补足语的可以是动词原形、形

32、容词、名词或过去分词。如果make后的宾语是不定式或从句，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，这时往往把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，把真正的宾语放在后面，find，feel，think等动词也可这样用，该句型为：make/find/feel/thinkitadj./n.(for sb.)to do sth.clause误区警示：若动词原形作make的补语时，变被动语态时，动词前必须加“to”。朗文在线：I was made to wait two hours for an appointment.我为了一个约会而被迫等了两个小时。He made it known that he would not b

33、e running for reelection.他公开宣布他不打算竞选连任。命题方向：it常与that，this等词作为选项来迷惑学生，考查it作形式宾语的用法。活学巧练：翻译句子I want to make it clear that I dont agree with this policy._答案：我想讲清楚，我不同意这个政策。11Why(not)do.句型精讲拓展：在日常口语中，常使用“Why dont you.？”或“Why不带to的不定式”，以提出责难或表示不同意；“Why not不带to的不定式”以提出建议。had better (not) do最好I suggest/thin

34、k(should)do.我认为你应该活学巧练：汉译英(1)你为什么不到机场为她送行？_答案：Why not go and see her off at the airport?(2)为什么要花这么多的钱？_答案：Why spend so much money?(3)天好像要下雨，你为什么不带件雨衣呢？_答案：It looks as if it is going to rain，why not take a raincoat?(4)(2007高考全国卷)Its a long time since I saw my sister._her this weekend?AWhy not visit B

35、Why not to visitCWhy not visiting DWhy dont visit答案与解析：A用why not句型提出建议。12冠词的用法1不定冠词(1)表示one，the same或every的意思。They are of an age(of the same age)他们同岁。I earn 10 dollars an hour(one/every hour)as a salesman.我作为一个售货员每小时挣10美元。(2)a(n)侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has

36、 yellow fur with black bands across.老虎是个子很大而凶猛的野猫类动物，毛黄色，有黑色斑纹。(3)用在某些固定词组中。have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look/quarrelswim/walk/talk/dance/look/quarrel；have a cold；have a good time；keep a diary；in a hurry；once in a while；at a loss；for a while；once upon a time；all of a sudden；tell a lie；do sb.a favor；g

37、et an education；say a mouthful；at a distance(4)不定冠词的特殊位置：what/such/quite/rather a/an可数名词单数形式； too/as/so/how/howeveradj.a/an可数名词单数形式；many a/an可数名词单数形式表示“许多”；not a (an)可数名词单数形式表示“不止一个”；half a (an)可数名词单数形式表示“一半”。2定冠词(1)用在姓氏复数形式前，表一家人。The Greens are at table.格林一家正在吃饭。(2)用在年代、朝代、时代名词前。the Tang Dynasty 唐朝

38、the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时代in the 1870s 在19世纪70年代(3)用在作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前。He plays the violin but gives lessons on the piano.他是拉小提琴的，但他教钢琴。(4)用在表示单位的名词前。I hired the car by the hour.我按小时租车。Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋论打儿卖。by the day/month 按天/月 (5)在句型“动词sb.介词the身体某一部位”中要用the(而不用人称代词)。take sb.by t

39、he arm 抓某人的手臂hit sb.in the face 打某人的脸(6)the 指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。The compass was invented in China，but the computer was not. 罗盘是中国发明的，但计算机不是。(7)用在某些固定词组中。in the morning 在早晨in the daytime 在白天in the end 最后in the least 根本，丝毫in the distance 在远处in the way 挡路on the whole 总之the other day 几天前for the tim

40、e being 暂时on the radio/phone 通过无线电/电话3零冠词(1)不可数名词、复数名词表泛指时，用零冠词。Hiking is fun and exciting，but you shouldnt forget safety.徒步旅行很有趣，很令人兴奋，但不得忘记安全。(2)称呼语、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语用零冠词。Comrade Li was chairman of the meeting.李同志是这次会议的会长。(3)系动词turn(变成)后是可数名词单数形式作表语，用零冠词。His brother has turned writer.他弟弟已经成为一名作家了。(

41、4)“零冠词可数名词单数形式as/though主语谓语，主句其他成分”意为“虽然/尽管，但是”。Hero as he is，he has some shortcomings.尽管他是一名英雄，但是他也有缺点。(5)在独立主格结构中的某一形式中。The teacher came in ，book in hand(with a book in his hand)老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。(6)零冠词常用短语。day and night 日夜pen and ink 笔墨husband and wife 夫妻father and son 父子sun and moon 日月master and ser

42、vant 主仆face to face 面对面hand in hand 手拉手side by side 肩并肩step by step 一步一步地；逐渐地from top to bottom从上至下from morning till night 从早到晚from beginning to end 自始至终at noon/dawn/daybreak/dusk/night/midnight 在中午/黎明/黎明/黄昏/夜晚/午夜to/at/from work 去上班/在上班/下班1不定冠词的几点特殊用法专有名词前一般不加不定冠词a，但有两种情况例外：(1)表示“像那样的人或事物”。He thinks

43、 he is a Napoleon.他认为他是一个拿破仑式的人。(2)与人名及Mr. Mrs.等称呼或头衔连用，表示“名叫的人”。A Mr.White has called.有一位叫怀特的先生来过电话。2抽象名词前一般也不加不定冠词a，但有两种情况例外：(1)在某些特定的情况下，表示“一次”或“一种”，如：have a rest，do a favor。(2)抽象名词具体化。活学巧练：(1)In Hangzhou Mr. Green was so struck by _ beauty of _ nature that he stayed for another night.A. /; / B.

44、/; theC. the; / D. the; the答案：C(2)After watching _ TV, she played _ violin for an hour.A. /; / B. the; theC. the; / D. /; the答案：D(3)When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _ hotel; I can find you _ bed in my flat.A. the; a B. the; /C. a; the D. a; /答案：A(4)Who did you have dinner wi

45、th last night?_.AThe Smiths BThe SmithsCSmiths DThe Smiths答案：D(5)On June 24,2006，at _Football World Cup，German beat Sweden with _score of 20.Aa；a B/；theCa；/ Dthe；a答案：D(6)Most of the boys in the class like playing _football while Peter likes playing _piano.Aa；the Bthe；theC/；the Dthe；/答案：C考 题 演 练1.Let

46、s go to _ cinemathatll take your mind off the problem for _ while.A. the; the B. the; aC. a; the D. a; a答案与解析：B句意：让我们去电影院吧，这会使你暂时不去想那个问题。go to the cinema和for a while均为固定词组，故选B项。2Is it OK if I take this seat?Sorry, _.A. here you are B. take itC. its taken D. never mind答案与解析：C由sorry可知，对方拒绝了第一个说话人的请求，所

47、以应选C项，表示“这个座位有人了”。3This area experienced _ heaviest rainfall in _ month of May.A. /; a B. a; theC. the; the D. the; a答案与解析：C句意：该地区在五月经历了最大降雨。heaviest是最高级，所以其前加定冠词the。in the month of May是习惯用法，of表示同位关系。4Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _ with his old one.A. comparing B. comparesC. to compare

48、D. compared答案与解析：D句意：米歇尔的新房子和老房子比起来简直像一个大宫殿。由句意知，拿新房子来和老房子作比较，故应用被动形式，此处为过去分词作状语。5Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be _ to the kids.A. accessible B. relativeC. acceptable D. sensitive答案与解析：A句意：弗兰克把药放到最上面的抽屉里，确保它不被孩子们够到。accessible意为“易接近的”；relative意为“相对的，比较的”；acceptable

49、意为“合意的，受欢迎的，可接受的”；sensitive意为“敏感的”。根据句意应该选A项。6Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource.A. /; a B. /; theC. the; the D. the; a答案与解析：Dthe Internet因特网，为固定搭配；as a resource“作为一种资源”，此处用a表示泛指。7Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it _.A. collected B. containedC. loaded D. s

50、aved答案与解析：B句意：小约翰尼摸着袋子，非常好奇地想知道里面装着什么东西。contain包含，含有；collect搜集，整理；load装载；save挽救。8(2007天津卷)He didnt make_clear when and where the meeting would be held.Athis BthatCit Dthese答案与解析：C本题考查代词it的用法。句意：他没有把何时何地召开会议说清楚。句中when and where the meeting would be held为make的真正宾语，it为形式宾语，clear为宾补。Module 6The Internet

51、 and Telecommunications.根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空dependentcreatecompareadvantagepermitshortconcentratehesitatefrequentlyfantasy1I was at a_because I didnt speak English.答案：disadvantage2I was asked to_my article within 500 words.答案：shorten3The young man has some_idea that he will live in a cottage in the mou

52、ntain.答案：fantastic4Sandstorms are_in the spring of Beijing, which does great harm to the environment.答案：frequent5You can find a parttime job while studying, which can give you_from your family.答案：independence6Workers with_ideas are appreciated by bosses.答案：creative7Italian industry is_mainly in the

53、north of the country.答案：concentrated8You need_from the World Wide Web before you can access information.答案：permission9Seeing the injured driver, they sent him to hospital without_.答案：hesitation10When_different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similari

54、ties.答案：comparing.单项填空1Research has shown that students do better academically when they have _ to a school library with a good collection of books and a strong educational program.AwayBpathCmeans Daccess答案与解析：D考查名词辨析。have access to“有权利进入”，符合句意。path“小路”；way和means一般后跟介词of而不跟to。2This company earned a

55、lot of money. As a result, the members personal income rose by a/an _ of 13 percent.Aaverage BordinaryCcommon Dusual答案与解析：A句意：公司挣了很多钱，结果是成员的个人收入平均上升了13%。average“平均”，符合句意。ordinary“普通的”；common“常见；共有”；usual“通常的”；ordinary和usual通常为形容词，average和common也可作名词用。3This was a really difficult question, but a litt

56、le boy _ a good answer.Acame up to Bcame outCcame up with Dcame round答案与解析：C句意：这是一个非常难的问题，但是一个小男孩想出了一个好方法。come up with“想出，提出”。come up to“走近；达到(某水准)”；come out“出现，出版”；come round“迂回而至”，三者均不符合句意。4We should make _ a rule to turn off the lights when we leave the classroom.Ait BthisCone Dthat答案与解析：A此处it为形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。5Further efforts have been _to rebuild the areas _were seriously damaged by the earthquakes and ts