2022年中科院考博英语真题及答案详解

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1、GRADUATE UNIVERSITY, CHINESE ACADEMYOF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCEEXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESMarch PAPER ONEPART VOCABULARY(15 minutes, 10points, 0. 5point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of y

2、our choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 1. My father was a nuclear engineer, a very academically _ Man with multiple degrees from prestigious institutions. A. promoted B. activated C. oriented D. functioned2. Public _ for the usually low-budget, h

3、igh-quality films has enabled the independent film industry to grow and thrive. A. appreciation B. recognition C. gratitude D. tolerance3. Dirty Jobs on the Discovery Channel, an unlikely television program, has become a surprising success with a _ fan base. A. contributed B. devoted C. revered D. s

4、cared4. Pop culture doesnt _ to strict rules; it enjoys being jazzy, unpredictable, chaotic. A. adhere B. lend C. expose D. commit5. Intellectual property is a kind of _ monopoly, which should be used properly or else would disrupt healthy competition order. A. legible B. legendary C. lenient D. leg

5、itimate6. I am thankful to the company for giving me such a chance, and I earnestly hope that I will _ everyones expectations. A. boil down to B. look forward to C. live up to D. catch on to7. The image of an unfortunate resident having to climb 20 flights of stairs because the lift is _ is now a co

6、mmon one. A. out of the way B. on order C. out of order D. in no way8. My eyes had become _ to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away. A. inclined B. accustomed C. vulnerable D. sensitive9. Despite what Id been told about the local peoples attitude to strange

7、rs, _ did I encounter any rudeness. A. at no time B. in no time C. at any time D. at some time10. In times of severe _ companies are often forced to make massive job cuts in order to survive. A. retreat B, retrospect C. reduction D. recession11. Sport was integral to the national and local press, TV

8、 and, to a diminishing _ , to radio. A. extent B. scope C. scale D. range12. Unless your handwriting is _ , or the form specifically asks for typewriting, the form should be neatly handwritten. A. illegitimate B, illegal C. illegible D. illiterate13. The profession fell into , with some physicists s

9、ticking to existing theories, while others came up with the big-bang theory. A. harmony B. turmoil C. distortion D. accord14. With the purchasing power of many middle-class households _ behind the cost of living, there was an urgent demand for credit. A. leaving B. levering C. lacking D. lagging15.

10、Frank stormed into the room and _ the door, but it wasnt that easy to close the door on what Jack had said. A. slashed B. slammed C. slipped D. slapped16. When I was having dinner with you and Edward at his apartment, I sensed a certain _ between the two of you. A. intimacy B. proximity C. discrepan

11、cy D. diversity17. I decided to _ between Ralph and his brother, who were arguing endlessly. A. interfere B. intervene C. interrupt D. interact18. “I mean Gildas and Ludens are both wise, reasonable and tactful; but naturally theyre _ , they want to know whats happening, and make judgments on it all

12、. ”A. indifferent B. innocent C. inquisitive D. instinctive19. In Africa HIV and AIDS continue to _ the population; nearly 60 percent of those infected are women. A. alleviate B. boost C. capture D. ravage20. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society was _ disintegration. A. on the gr

13、ound of B. on the top of C. in the light of D. on the verge ofPART CLOZE TEST(15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket

14、on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Tomorrow Japan and South Korea will celebrate White Day, an annual event when men are expected to buy a gift for the adored women in their lives. It is a relatively new 21 that was commercially created as payback for Valentines Day. Thats 22 in both countries, 1

15、4 February is all about the man. On Valentines Day, women are expected to buy all the important male 23 in their lives a token gift; not just their partners, 24 their bosses or older relatives too. This seems 25 enough. Surely its reasonable for men to be indulged on one day of the year, 26 the numb

16、er of times theyre expected to produce bouquets of flowers and 27 their woman with perfume or pearls. But the idea of a woman 28 a man didnt sit easily with people. In 1978, the National Confectionery Industry Association(糖果业协会) 29 an idea to solve this problem. They started to market white chocolat

17、e that men could give to women on 14 March, as 30 for the male-oriented Valentines Day. It started with a handful of sweet-makers producing candy 31 a simple gift idea. The day 32 the public imagination, and is now a nationally 33 date in the diary-and one where men are 34 to whip out their credit c

18、ards. In fact, men are now expected to give gifts worth 35 the value of those they received. What a complication: not only do men have to remember who bought them what, they have to estimate the value and multiply it by three. 21. A. copy B. concept C. choice D. belief22. A. because B. as C. so D. w

19、hy23. A. clients B. friends C. figures D. colleagues24. A. but B. and C. instead of D. rather than25. A. odd B. good C. fair D. rare26. A. given B. if C. but D. though27. A. attract B. frustrate C. surprise D. touch28. A. supporting B. spoiling C. comforting D. fooling29. A. came up with B. come out

20、 of C. came up toD. came along with30. A. companion B. compromise C. competence D. compensation31. A. via B. as C. with D. for 32. A. captured B. appealed C. favored D. held33. A. documented B. recognized C. illustrated D. scheduled34. A. volunteered B. embarrassed C. sponsored D. obliged35. A. trip

21、le B. double C. fourfold D. equalPART READING COMPREHENSIONSection A(60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully

22、, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Passage OneAt many colleges, smokers are being run not just out of school buildings but off the pre

23、mises. On Nov. 19 , the University of Kentucky, the tobacco states flagship public institution, Launched a campus wide ban on cigarettes and all other forms of tobacco on school grounds and parking areas. Pro-nicotine students staged a “smoke-out”to protest the new policy, which even rules out smoki

24、ng inside cars if theyre on school property. Kentucky joins more than 365 U. S. colleges and universities that in recent years have instituted antismoking rules both indoors and out. In most places, the issue doesnt seem to be secondhand smoke. Rather, the rationale for going smoke-free in wide open

25、 spaces is a desire to model healthy behavior. Purdue University, which has 30-ft. buffer zones, recently considered adopting a campuswide ban but tempered its proposal after receiving campus input. Smoking will now be restricted to limited outdoor areas. One big problem with a total ban is enforcin

26、g it. Take the University of Iowa. In July , the school went smoke-free in accordance with the Iowa Smokefree Air Act, violations of which can result in a $50 fine. But so far, the university has ticketed only about 25 offenders. “Our campus is about 1, 800 acres, so to think that we could keep trac

27、k of who is smoking on campus at any given time isnt really feasible, ”says Joni Troester, director of the universitys campus wellness program. Instead, the school helps those trying to kick the habit by offering smoking-cessation programs and providing reimbursement for nicotine patches, gum and pr

28、escription medications like Zyban. The University of Michigan will probably take a similar approach when its ban takes effect in July . “We dont have a desire to give tickets or levy punishments, ”says Robert Winfield, the schools chief health officer. “We want to encourage people to stop smoking, s

29、et a good example for students and make this a healthier community. ”Naturally, there has been pushback from students. “Where do we draw the line between a culture of health and individual choice?”asks Jnathan Slemrod, a University of Michigan senior and president of the schools College Libertarians

30、. “If they truly want a culture of health, I expect them to go through all our cafeterias and get rid of all our Taco Bells, all our pizza places. ”Students might want to enjoy those Burrito Supremes while they can. In todays health-obsessed culture, those may be next. 36. We can infer that the “new

31、ness”of the antismoking policy at the University of Kentucky lies in _ . A. its extended scope of no-smoking placesB. its prohibition of cigarette sales on campusC. its penalty for bringing tobacco to schoolD. its ban on smoke when people are driving37. By setting the antismoking rules the Universit

32、y of Kentucky mainly aims for _ . A. protecting students against passive smokingB. modeling itself on many other universitiesC. promoting the students health awarenessD. punishing those who dare smoke on campus38. One of the problems enforcing the ban on smoking at the University of Iows is _ . A. l

33、imiting the smoke-free areasB. tracing smokers on campusC. forcing smokers to give up smokingD. providing alternative ways for smokers39. The word “levy”(in Paragraph 5)most probably means_ . A. impose B. avoid C. deserve D. receive40. According to Jonathan Slemrod, Taco Bell is _ . A. a tobacco sho

34、p B. a school cafeteriaC. an organic food store D. an unhealthy food chain41. The authors tone in the essay is _ . A. radical B. optimistic C. objective D. criticalPassage TwoThe familiar sounds of an early English summer are with us once again. Millions of children sit down to SATs, GCSEs, AS-level

35、s, A-levels and a host of lesser exams, and the argument over educational standards starts. Depending on whom you listen to, we should either be letting up on over-examined pupils by abolishing SATs, and even GCSEs, or else making exams far more rigorous. The chorus will reach a peak when GCSE and A

36、-level results are published in August. If pass rates rise again, commentators will say that standards are falling because exams are getting easier. If pass rates drop, they will say that standards are falling because children are getting lower marks. Parents like myself try to ignore this and base

37、our judgments on what our children are learning. But its not easy given how much education has changed since we were at school. Some trends are encouraging-education has been made more relevant and enthuses many children that it would have previously bored. My sons A-level French revision involved l

38、istening to radio debates on current affairs, whereas mine involved rereading Moliere. And among their peers, a far greater proportion stayed in education for longer. On the other hand, some aspects of schooling today are incomprehensible to my generation, such as gaps in general knowledge and the h

39、and-holding that goes with ensuring that students leave with good grades. Even when we parents resist the temptation to help with GCSE or A-level coursework, a teacher with the childs interests at heart may send a draft piece of work back several times with pointers to how it can be improved before

40、the examiners see it. The debate about standards persists because there is no single objective answer to the question: “Are standards better or worse than they were a generation ago?”Each side points to indicators that favor them, in the knowledge that there is no authoritative definition, let alone

41、 a measure that has been consistently applied over the decades. But the annual soul-searching over exams is about more than student assessment. It reveals a national insecurity about whether our education system is teaching the right things. It is also fed by an anxiety about whether, in a country w

42、ith a history of upholding standards by ensuring that plenty of students fail, we can attain the more modern objective of ensuring that every child leaves school with something to show for it. 42. It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that _ . A. SATs is one of the most rigorous exams mentionedB. it

43、has been debated if children should b given examsC. few parents approve of the exam systems in EnglandD. each year children have to face up to some new exams43. Parents try to judge the educational standards by _ . A. whether their children have passed the examsB. what knowledge their children have

44、acquiredC. what educators say about curriculum planningD. whether their childrens school scores are stable44. To the author, the rereading of Moliere was _ . A. dreary B. routine C. outmoded D. arduous45. To the authors generation, it is beyond understanding today why _ . A. teachers lay great stres

45、s on helping students obtain good gradesB. teachers show much concern for students futureC. parents help little with their childrens courseworkD. parents focus on their childrens general knowledge46. According to the passage, with respect to educational standards in Britain, _ . A. no authorities ha

46、ve ever made a commentB. no one has ever tried to give them a definitionC. no effective ways have been taken to apply themD. no consistent yardstick has ever been used47. In the authors opinion, the school education in Britain has been _ . A. inflexible B. irresponsible C. unsuccessfulD. unforgivabl

47、ePassage ThreeSuzan Fellman had a hard time with Laura Bushs redo of the famed guest quarters named for President Lincoln: “Looking at it , I thought I was in a Radisson lobby somewhere in the Midwest long ago. I could not imagine spending a night in that space. ”Done up with Victorian furnishings,

48、the Lincoln Bedroom is one of the residences least-changed spaces, said Betty Monkman, formerly chief curator of the White House for nearly 40 years. “Its a quasi-museum room, ”she said, “with a lot of objects, such as the bed , that have symbolic importance. ”The elaborately carved bed bought for L

49、incoln is the centerpiece of the room. According to historian William Seale, the president was furious that his wife, Mary, spent so much money redecorating the White House during a time of war. He never slept in the bed , and the ornate piece eventually was moved to a spare room. Los Angeles design

50、er Fellman saw parallels, calling the Obama era a period of“pulling back on extravagance. ”It is a good time, she said, to revisit pieces in storage, to rearrange old furniture in a new fashion, and use paint and fabrics to bring life and fun into a room without spending a fortune. In this re-imagin

51、ing of the Lincoln Bedroom, Fellman would retain the legendary bed but paint the ceiling a sky blue and use a Cecil Beaton rose-print fabric for curtains. “Lincoln loved roses, ”Fellman said, “and this beige and ivory version keeps it from being too bold, modern or feminine. ”At a time when American

52、a is expected to stage a strong revival, Fellman said traditional styles such as Colonial and Federal can co-exist with European antiques if they are balanced in scale. Mindful of the recession, the designer advocated selecting furniture with longevity in mind. “If you are going to spend money, buy

53、quality things that you never want to get rid of, ”she said. “A couple of really good things can make all the difference in a room. ”Her splurges would include a camel-hair sofa, which Fellman said was long-lasting and timeless. As a Pop Art-influenced statement about thrift, a custom rug woven with

54、 a 6-foot-diameter medallion replicates the pennys image of Lincoln in subtle shades of ivory and copper. In bad times as in good, spare rooms dont have to be grand to be effective, Fellman said. “A guest room should feel inviting and intimate, ”she said. “It has to exude serenity. ”48. To Suzan Fel

55、lman, Laura Bushs redecoration of the Lincoln Bedroom could hardly be _ . A. evaluated B. imagined C. understood D. praised49. The Lincoln Bedroom in White House is a place for_ . A. the president to have a rest B. visitors to stay overnightC. storing Victorian furnishingsD. exhibiting classic objec

56、ts50. According to Fellman, the Obama era is similar to the Lincoln era in _ . A. decorating houses B. respecting the past C. protecting the classic D. encouraging thrift51. The way Fellman would rearrange the Lincoln Bedroom includes _ . A. putting some roses on the tableB. omitting some European a

57、ntiquesC. adding to it some Federal styles D. giving it the look of a strong America52. In choosing the new furniture for the room, Fellman would give top priority to _ . A. its durability B. its simplicity C. its priceD. its color53. Fellman would avoid making the Lincoln Bedroom look_ . A. tranqui

58、l B. luxurious C. hospitable D. fascinatingPassage FourLaurance Rockefeller, the middle brother of the five prominent and benevolent grandsons of John D. Rockefeller, who concentrated his own particular generosity on conservation, recreation, ecological concerns and medical research, particularly th

59、e treatment of cancer, died of pulmonary fibrosis at his home in Manhattan. His career began on Wall Street almost 70 years ago, where he became a pioneer of modern venture capitalism, compounding his inherited wealth many times over. In the decades since he first took his seat on the New York Stock

60、 Exchange, he often used his native instinct for identifying the next big thing, not content simply to make more money but to make the money produce something of lasting value. Less sociable than his older brother Nelson, who was a four-term governor of New York and the countrys vice president under

61、 Gerald R. Ford, Laurance Spelman Rockefeller was also more reserved and private than his flamboyant younger brother Winthrop who was the governor of Arkansas. A philosophy major at Princeton he had long wrestled with the question of how he might most efficiently and satisfyingly use the great wealt

62、h to which he was born and which he later kept compounding as a successful pioneer of modern venture capitalism. Using significant amounts of his money as well as his connections and prestige and negotiating skills he was instrumental in establishing and enlarging National Parks in Wyoming, California,