中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课(54)

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1、55. Why Antarctican.南极洲 Is Being Explored. 为什么要勘探南极洲、1. When the United States was born, the continentn.大陆；大洲 of Antarctican.南极洲 was as remoteadj.遥远的 as the moon-more so, in a way, because the moon was clearly visiblea.看得见的 and the very existencen.存在 of Antarctica was uncertainadj.不确定的. But now that

2、 remote land area is so attainableadj.可达到的 and so important that it has become the subject of an international treatyn.条约 which protects it from national rivalries(rivalry):n.竞争 yet leaves it open to all for exploration and use. The pact条约 arranging this is even being viewed as a model applicablea.能

3、应用的 to the moon and other celestialadj.天体的 bodies. 1、在美国诞生之时，对人们来说南极洲就像月球一样遥远-从某种角度说，甚至更远，因为月亮清楚可见，而南极大陆是否真实存在还无法确定。但是今天，这块遥远的陆地已变得如此触之可及并且如此重要，以致它已受到一个国际公约的保护，使其免于成为国家间竞相抢夺的对象，而是对所有国家开放，供大家共同开发和利用。这个公约甚至被视为一个范本，适用于月球和其他天体的开发。单词：remote遥远的；visible看得见的； existence存在； attainable可达到的； treaty=条约; rivalry竞

4、争； exploration勘探； applicable可适用的; 2. Yet many people, thinking of the distant遥远的 continent only as a bleaka.荒凉的, rocky, cold and inhospitablea.不适居住的 land mass, may wonder: Why all the fussn.小题大做? Why protect something so unpromisinga.没有前途的? 2、至今仍有很多人认为这块遥远的大陆仅仅是一大片荒凉、寒冷、岩石林立、根本无法居住的土地。他们可能很奇怪：为什么如此小

5、题大做?为什么要保护这样一块毫无前途的土地?单词：distant远的； bleak荒凉的； inhospitable不适于居住的； fuss=小题大做； unpromising无前途的；3. The answer lies in a number of factors, not the least of which is isolationn.与世隔绝 itself. Antarctican.南极洲 is a very large area of the earths surface, but-until recent years-was the least studied. More kno

6、wledge of it is important for all mankind. 3、这些问题的答案由许多因素所决定，并不仅仅是这块大陆本身与世隔绝这么简单。南极洲是地球表面上一块巨大的土地，但是，直到近年，人类的研究都很少涉及于此。更多地了解南极洲对全人类来说都非常重要。单词：isolation与世隔绝；4. A look at a globe地球仪 is perhaps the best way to appreciate the significancen.重要性 of this peculiaradj.奇特的 continent. The globe shows that the

7、entire southern hemispheren.半球 is preponderantly(preponderant):占有优势的 water-the widest parts of the Atlantic and Pacific, the unbrokena.连续的 sweep of Antarctica.南极的 seas circling the world. Although much of South America, parts of Africa and all of Australia lie south of the equatorn.赤道, most of the w

8、orlds land lies north of the line. 4、仔细观察地球仪也许能帮助我们了解这个神奇大陆的重要性。地球仪显示，水在整个南半球占绝对优势-包括大西洋和太平洋最广阔的部分以及环抱地球的南极海洋。尽管绝大部分南美洲、部分非洲以及整个澳洲位于赤道以南，但地球上的大部分陆地还是分布在赤道以北。单词：globe地球仪 ； significance重要性; peculiar奇特的；unbroken连续的； equator 赤道；5.Antarctican.南极洲 stood in splendidadj.壮丽的-even awesomeadj.令人敬畏的-isolation f

9、rom the rest of the world for countless years. Its forbidding令人难以亲近的 climate and wildadj.狂野的 seas prevented the migrationn.迁徙 and development of land animals such as the Arctica.北极的 regions know. On the continent itself are a few insects, some lichens地衣 and mosses苔藓, but nothing else that is land su

10、pported. However, there are amphibiousa.两栖的 penguins企鹅 and seals海豹 and a rich marineadj.海洋的 life, ranging from the minute organisms生物 called planktonn.浮游生物 to the biggest creature the world has ever known, the blue whalen.鲸. 5、南极洲的壮丽引人敬畏，在无数的岁月里，它就这样孤独傲立于世界。和人们已熟知的北极区域一样，它那令人难以亲近的气候和狂野的海浪使得陆地动物无法迁移至

11、此和繁衍。依附于南极洲陆地生存的只有很少的一些昆虫、地衣和苔藓。然而，这里却有着两栖的企鹅和海豹以及丰富的海洋生命-包括从被称为浮游生物的微小生物，直到迄今所知世界上最大的动物蓝鲸。分析：migrate：指人“迁居，迁移”，指鸟“迁徙”emigrate：移居(出境)， immigrate：移居(入境)单词：splendid壮丽的； awesome令人敬畏的； forbidding令人难亲近的； migration迁徙；6. The Antarctican.南极洲 treatyn.条约 applies to all areas (the high seas excepted) below lat

12、ituden.纬度 60 degrees south. This line, running around the globe some 2,000 miles from the South Pole itself, just misses the lower tip of South America, and is well below the Cape of Good Hope好望角 and New Zealand. There are a number of small islands between this line and the Antarctic continent, but

13、the waters here are known to mariners水手 as the screaming尖叫 Sixties because there is so little obstructionn.障碍物 to the world-circling winds.6、南极洲公约适用于除公海以外位于南纬60度以南的所有区域。南纬60度线距南极点大约2000英里，它环绕地球，刚好错过南美洲的最南端，远在好望角和新西兰之南。该线和南极洲之间分布着一些小岛，但是，这里的海域被水手们称为“狂啸的60度”，因为这里障碍物很少，阻挡不了“世界环风”。单词：treaty条约; latitude纬

14、度; scream尖叫； obstruction障碍物； 7. In contrast, in the northern hemispheren.半球, the lands lying above the sixtieth parallel平行线 of latituden.纬度 include much of Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚, Siberian.西伯利亚 and Alaskan.阿拉斯加, all of Greenlandn.格陵兰 and Iceland, with a total population of several million. Great mountain

15、s help subduev.减弱，缓和 the winds; a spur刺激 of the Gulf Stream湾流 and part of the Japan Current temper缓和 the frigidadj.寒冷的 airs of this polar极地的 region. This, and the presence存在 of the Arctic Ocean in the center of the great land mass, give the area a markedlyadv.显著地 different conformationn.构造 and clima

16、te from that around the opposite pole. 7、与之相对的北半球，北纬60度平行线以北区域，包括斯堪的纳维亚半岛、西伯利亚和阿拉斯加的大部分地区，以及格陵兰岛和冰岛的全部，人口总数几百万。高山阻碍了风的前进；墨西哥湾流和部分日本洋流使这里的极地寒冷空气有所缓和；再加上北冰洋又处在大块陆地的中央。这一切使得这块区域相对于地球另一端来说，在构架和气候方面存在显著的不同。单词：parallel平行线； subdue减弱；spur刺激(物)； temper缓和； frigid寒冷的； 8. Antarctican.南极洲 seems a vast basin of r

17、ock, filled and overflowing(overflow):v.充满 with a load of ice. In the heart of the continent it is almost as high as the summits(summit):最高点 of the Alpsn.阿尔卑斯山, yet soundings(sounding):探测 show that in places that rock floor is below sea level. 8、南极洲看似一个巨大的石盆，被冰所覆盖。大陆的中心几乎与阿尔卑斯山等高，然而，超声探测显示，岩石底部的许多地点

18、都低于海平面。单词：overflow=充满； 9. Actually, the ice accumulation堆积物 is less than it was perhaps 1,000 years ago. Its seaward flow is not so voluminousadj.容量大 as it once was, and as a result there are patches of bareadj.赤裸的 rock here and there along the coast and inland. They were scoured冲刷 clear of soil age

19、s ago, but one may sometimes find mossn.地衣 or lichens地衣 growing, though virtuallyad.实际上 no flowering plants. 9、事实上，与1000年前相比，这些冰的堆积物减少了许多，尤其是朝向大海的一面已经不像以前那么多了，在海岸边和陆地上留下一片片裸露的岩石。很多年前这里的土壤已经被冲刷干净，实际上已找不到开花植物的踪影，但有时还能发现地衣和苔藓。单词：accumulation堆积物； bare赤裸的； virtually实际上；10. In all this barrenness贫瘠 and co

20、ld, what is there of value? First, Antarctican.南极洲 is bound一定的 to have mineral resources comparable to those of other great continents. Coal-much of it of poor quality-has been found at many points along the 2,000 mile mountain system known as the Great Antarctic Horst南极大地垒. A writer has found a sma

21、ll deposit矿藏 of manganesen.锰 ore矿石 and rock specimens标本,样品 fleckeda.有斑点的 with uraniumn.铀 or stained(stain):vt.染色 green by copper铜. These finds are important only as indications表明 that further exploration would be worthwhile, and such a systematicadj.有系统的 effort has begun under SCAR南极洲研究特别委员会 (the Sp

22、ecial Committee on Antarctic Research). This group is an outgrowth分支 of the International Geophysical Year (I.G.Y.); but its program has broadened(broaden):v.扩展 from geophysicsn.地球物理学 to include mapping and biology. 10、这样一个空旷寒冷的地方，到底有什么价值?首先，南极洲的地下一定有能与其它几个主要大陆相媲美的矿产资源。在被称为南极大地垒的山脉附近，沿线2000英里范围内已有多处

23、找到了煤，尽管大多数质量很差。一名作家还发现了一个不大的锰矿堆积体和一些粘染有铀痕迹或者带着铜绿斑痕的矿石标本。这些发现的重要性在于它表明在这一地区进行深入的勘探是很有价值的，并且在“南极洲研究特别委员会(SCAR)”的指导下，系统的工作已经开始了。这个组织是国际地球物理学年会(LGY)的一个派生机构，但是它的项目已经从地球物理学拓展到地图测绘和生物学。单词：specimen标本； indication表明；broaden扩展；11. There are other possible economic values. Several intercontinentala.洲际的 air rout

24、es lie across portions部分 of Antarctica. Strange antibiotics(antibiotic):n.抗生素 have been found in the drifting plants of the Antarctic seas; the Russians are reported to be carrying in live herring鲱鱼 to be dumped(dump):v.倾倒 overboardad.自船上落下 in an attempt at sea farming. 11、除此之外还有其他的经济价值。有数条洲际航线经过南极上

25、空；在南极海洋的浮游植物里已发现了一些前所未知的抗生素；据报道，俄国人要将鲱鱼苗倒进海洋，尝试在南极“放养”。单词：intercontinental洲际的； portion部分； 12. But for the immediate future the great value of Antarctica may lie in other lines of research-from the common cold to problems of outer space. The former is under scrutinyn.详细的检查 at a biologicaladj.生物学的 lab

26、oratory at McMurdo Sound, where clues线索 to certain viruses病毒 are being sought(seek)探寻 in the study of epidemics(epidemic):n.流行病 among the utterlyadv.完全地 isolated与世隔绝的 members of scientific parties. 12、但是，就近期看来，南极洲的重要价值却存在于其他的研究领域：从普通的感冒到外层空间的问题。对于感冒的研究已经在位于麦克默多湾(McMurdo Sound)的生物学实验室里紧锣密鼓地进行，一群完全与外界

27、隔绝的科学组织的人员正从流行病学的角度寻找一些特殊的病毒。单词：scrutiny详细的研究； virus病毒； utterly完全地；isolated 与世隔绝的；13. Investigations调查研究 of the weathers origins起源 and patterns are being pressed. There is no question that Antarctica plays an important role in the weather that affects影响 the destinies(destiny):n.命运 of those living so

28、uth of the equatorn.赤道; some believe its effects are felt in the north as well. 13、对于气候的形成和模式的研究也正在加速进行。毫无疑问，在气候方面南极洲扮演着一个重要的角色，与生活在赤道以南的人们息息相关；甚至有人认为它的影响也同样波及到了北半球。单词：investigation调查，研究； origin起源； affect影响； destiny=命运；14. As to space research, there is no place on earth better suited than the South

29、 Pole for certain kinds of observation观察. Here is a firmlyadv.稳固的 fixed point, in contrast to the drifting floes(floe):n.大浮冰 that cover the North Pole; from it all directions are north, and during the six months of darkness the stars circle around a point directly overhead. The United States establi

30、shed an observatoryn.天文台,气象台 there in 1957 for the I.G.Y. and has maintained it ever since. 14、在空间研究方面，南极是地球上最适宜的进行观察的地方。与北极上；覆盖的漂流浮冰相比，这里是一个稳定的点。这里所有的方向都是北，在长达六个月的黑夜中，星星围绕的中心点就在头顶。1957年，美国为国际地球物理学年会在此处建立了一个观测站，并且一直维持至今。单词：observation观察； firmly稳固地； 15. Now it is an ideal space tracking跟踪 station. An

31、y vehiclen.交通工具 on a missionn.使命，任务 in the southern half of the heavens天空，天堂 remains continuously visiblea.可见的，看得见的 to an antenna天线 at the pole. Such a station is also able to play a uniqueadj.独一无二的 role in interrogating(interrogate):监视 earth satellites in orbit轨道 over both poles. 15、现在，这里是最理想的空间跟踪站

32、。在南半球的太空中执行任务的所有飞行器都可被极点上的天线持续追踪。同时，这个观测站还在监视两极轨道上的地球卫星方面发挥不可替代的作用。单词：track=跟踪； mission使命，任务； heaven天空，天堂 ； visible看得见的； unique独一无二的； 16. Such satellites-maintaining their steadya.稳固地；平稳地 sweeps as the earth revolves旋转 beneath them-cover all parts of the globe and hence are ideal for weather observa

33、tion观察, communications and other tasks. The South Pole would be the check point on each circuit环形道, snatching抓住 the datan.资料,数据 from space, processing(process):处理 them in computers within seconds and relaying them to the rest of the world. 16、这些卫星处在平稳旋转的地球上空，几乎可以对全球的所有地区进行稳定的扫描，因此能很好地完成气象观察、通讯以及其它任务

34、。南极点将成为这些卫星环球轨迹的检查站，从太空采集数据、通过电脑在几秒钟之内处理数据，并传送到世界各地。单词：steady平稳地； revolve=旋转； 17. On all these counts, the scientists justifyv.证明正当 their voyages(voyage):n.航行；航海 to Antarctica and the vast sums needed. But essentially(essential)根本上 their argumentn.理由 is a simple one. The great continent to the south

35、 is still largely unknown. In the questv.搜索 for fundamentala.基本的 knowledge, which is the heart and soul so all science, it cannot be ignored(ignore):v.忽视.17、综上所述，科学家们认为应当进行南极勘探，同时需要大量的资金。但是，他们最根本的论据很简单：南方的这块大陆在很大程度上仍是个迷。为了探索基础知识-而探索基础知识也正是科学的核心和灵魂所在-这个地区不容忽视。单词：justify证明是正当； voyage航行； essentially根本的； quest探索；fundamental基本的； ignore忽视；