初中单词各种形式的转换
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1、名词复数的规则变化1. 绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 例:friend friends cat cats sport sports style styles piecepieces2. 凡是以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 例:bus buses fox foxes match matches flash flashes3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。 city cities country countries factory factories 4. 以f、fe结尾的,把f、fe变为v,再加es,如:hal
2、f halves knife knivesleaf leaves wolf wolves wife wives life lives thief thieves;5. 以o结尾的名词,变复数时:可以简单地记成有生活的要加es。加es,如:potato potatoestomato tomatoes hero heroes 加e,如:photo photospiano pianos radio radioszoo zoos;动词第三人称单数的变化规则(加-s或-es)1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:
3、guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting take-taking 3双写最后一个字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping swim-swimming4 以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing,如:die-dying, lie-lying 动词过去式变
4、化规则1一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是不发音的字母e,加d,如:taste-tasted3双写最后一个字母再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied形容词比较级的构成1. 直接在单词末尾加-er,如old-older, young-younger; 2. 以e结尾只加-r,如nice-nicer;3. 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er, 如big-bigger, thin-thinner;4. 以辅音字母加y结尾,改y为i,再加-er,如heavy-heavier
5、;5. 其它不规则变化,如:goodbetter数词的变换 基数词 序数词 表次数1. one first once 2. two second twice3. three third three times4. five fifth four times5. eight eighth6. nine ninth 7. twelve twelfth 8. twenty twentieth 国家变为形容词或国人的转换Australia-Australian Africa-AfricanAmerica-American Asia-AsianCanada-CanadianChina- ChineseE
6、ngland- English/ EnglishmanEurope-EuropeanFrance- French/ FrenchmanIndia- IndianItaly- ItalianJapan- JaneseMexico- MexicanRussia- Russian (复数变化规则:中日不变,英法变,其余加s )动词名词 表示人-er:beginner,builder, buyer, cleaner, dancer, driver, farmer, keeper, killer, listening, owner, player, printer, runner, swimmer, s
7、peaker, seller, teacher, traveller, winner, worker, writer-or: actor, creator, inventor, operator,sailor, visitor动词过去分词为形容词:break-broken, close-closed, lose-lost , marry- married, worry- worried动词现在分词和过去分词为形容词:excite-exciting-excitedinterest-interesting-intestedsurprise-surprisingsurpriedtire-tiring
8、tiredbore -boringboredrelax-relaxingrelaxedmove movingmoved名词转换成形容词beauty-beautifulcolour-colourfuldifference -differentdanger-dangerousenergy - energeticfriend-friendlyunfriendly-friendshipfunfunnyhealth-healthy-unhealthy-healthilyimportance-importantluck - lucky luckily-unluckyhistory - historic/h
9、istoricatradition-traditional-traditionally person - -personal-(名词) personality个性nationnationalinternational nature natural physics-physicalweek weekly gold -golden wood-wooden month -monthly salt salty有关天气的词cloud-cloudy, rain rainy, sunsunny, snow snowy, windwindy, storm - stormy有关方位的词: easteastern
10、, west western, south southern, northnorthern名词转换成名词art-artist, music-musician, science-scientist, tour-tourist, piano-pianist, library - librarian形容词转换成名词happy -happiness-(副词) happily-(反义词)unhappy foreign - foreigner busybusiness, freefreedom, ill illness, safe-safety-(副词)safely sad sadnesssadly st
11、range stranger true - truth (副词)trulykind kindness否定前缀dis-:dislike, disagree, dishonest, disappear, disadvantage im-:impossible,impolite,impersonal, imperfectin- : informal, incorrect un- : unusual , unhappy, unfriend, uncomfortable, unhealthy, unlucky, unlikely, uncertain ir-: irregular 否定后缀:-less useless, careless, helpless,hopeless, homeless, countless
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