中考语法专题-名词

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1、名词要求 掌握和运用可数名词的单，复数形式，不可数名词和名词的所有格（一）名词的种类专有名词和普通名词。名词类别词类专有名词人名，地名，国名等London, Australia组织，团体，机构等The United Nations , 语言，星期，月份等English, Sunday, January普通名词可数名词个体名词Gift, magazine, robot, scientist集体名词Class, family, group, team, people不可数名词物质名词Coffee, medicine,snow抽象名词Danger,fiiendship,surprise,troubl

2、e (二) 不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词一般是不可数名词的，通常只有单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。（三）可数名词1. 可数名词的复数形式添加规则种类变化例词一般情况下在词尾加sCoin, foreigner, magazine, shirt.以s/x/ch/sh结尾在词尾加esAddress, fox, match, dish以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i 加esBaby, city, library, university以f或fe结尾变f或fe为v加esHalf, leaf, knife, shelf, thief, wife 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化（1） 有些名词的单数变复数是不规则

3、的，如man-men policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice child children (2) 有些名词单数和复数一样，如Chinese- Chinese fish-fish, people , Japanese, sheep , deer (3) 有些名词只有复数形式， 如glasses, pants, trousers , shoes. socks , gloves, scissors(4) 由man和woman构成的复合名词前后皆要变为复数，如、man drivermen driver, woman teacher-

4、women teachers(5) 以辅音字母+O结尾的名词可以在词尾加s/es（有生命加es,无生命加s, kangaroo 除外，kangaroo -kangaroos）如，tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes, hero-heroes,photo-photos, kilo-kilos, piano-pianos (四) 名词所有格1. 名词所有格添加规则名词情况构成方法例子有生命的单数名词+sMy fathers car, Nicks pen有生命的复数名词以s结尾的+The students books, 不以s结尾的+sThe childrens toys表

5、示时间，距离等名词在最后一个名词后+sHalf an hours walk表示几个人共同拥有的名词在最后一个名词后+sJane and Helens room表示几个人各自拥有的名词在每个名词后+sJanes and Helens room表示无生命的名词Of +名词The cover of the book 2. 名词所有格需注意的问题（1） 下面情况的名词所有格后面， 一般省掉它所修饰的名词，如the Greens (格林家)， at my uncles (在我叔叔家)， go to the doctors (去医院， 去看病)（2）s 的结构也可以用of结构之后，如，a friend o

6、f my fathers (我爸爸的一个朋友)（3）要注意一下用to 表示的所有格the key to the door, the answer to the question , the way to the bus station, the entrance to the building, the exist to the shopping mall, (五) 需要注意的问题（1）专有名词的第一个字母大写，如the Olympic Games等（2） 有些集体名词可作单数，也可以做复数，做单数时指整体，作复数时指个体成员，如My family is going to move,.我家要搬

7、了。( 指整体)My family are watching TV now, 我的家人正在看电视。（指个体）.（3）a 或者an 不可以与不可数名词连用，不可数名词在表示数量时，经常使用含有量词的词组，如，A cup of tea, a piece of bread, two bottles of wine, three bags of rice(4) 有些物质名词有时是可数名词，有时是不可数名词，一般要按具体情况而定，其词义也有所不同，如，There are many papers in the library. (papers 报纸，是可数名词)Please give me a piece

8、 of paper. (paper纸，是不可数名词)（5）一些集体名词的单数形式具有复数意义，它们做主语时，谓语要用复数形式。如，People, police等（6）有些名词以s结尾，但意义上是单数，它们做主语时，谓语要用单数形式。如Maths, news等例题精讲1. 【2011南京】7. Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter? With pleasure. Remember that the letter should be written in the formal _

9、. A. value B. style C. effect D. mood答案:B【解析】考查句意理解和词义辨别。理解句意，此处指用正式的格式，style意为：样式，风格。2. 【2011扬州】Im sorry I went out for a smoke. I was very tired.Theres no _ for this while you are at work.A. causeB. excuseC. matterD. choice答案：B【解析】词义辨析。Cause指的是“原因”；excuse指的是“借口”；matter指的是“麻烦事”；choice指的是“选择”。根据句意：在

10、上班时没有借口出去抽烟。3. 【2011无锡】The theme park is about _ ride from the museum. You should start out right now. A. two hour B. two hours C. two hours D. two hours答案：C【解析】本题考查名词所有格。以s结尾的只加“”，故答案选C。4. 【2011江苏淮安】7. Would you like some _? Yes, please. Im thirsty. A. water B. bread C. pens D. clothes答案：A 【解析】名词语境

11、题。根据后面的语境“我饿了。”可知上文“你想来一些吃的吗？”water 水 bread 面包 pens 钢笔 clothes 衣服。故选B。5. 【2011四川达州】25.How many teachers are there in your school? them over two hundred.A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; isC. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; are答案：B【解析】本题主要考查名词复数的用法。英语中有这样使用习惯：child、ma

12、n、women这样的名词作定语时，如果后面被修饰的名词是复数，child用原形，而man和women要变成复数。a number of表示若干，许多，谓语用复数。the number of表示.的数量。题意为：-你们学校有多少女老师？-数量超过200。可知本题选B。6. 【2011广西崇左】28.Whats in the icebox? -A few _, but little _. A.apple,milk B.apple,milks C.apples,milks D.apples,milk 【解析】D 考查点：形容词辨析。解题思路：few修饰可数名词的复数形式，little修饰不可数名词。

13、故选D。7. 【2011上海】34. The old man used to raise many _ to make a living on the farm.A) duck B) horse C) bird D) sheep答案：D【解析】考查点：名词复数形式的用法。 解题思路：many之后要使用可数名词的复数形式，选项A、B、C都是可数名词，其复数形式为都要加-s;而sheep也是可数名词，其复数形式与单数形式相同，故答案选D；名词专项练习1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. the te

14、achers2. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room window B. the rooms window C. the room of the window D. the window of room3. How many_ would you like? A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread4. He was praised for his _.A. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave5. Please get me

15、 a new _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers6. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. womans D. womens7. Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos8. He was born in this town and now he li

16、ves in _.A. Building second B. Building Two C. the Building Two D. Building the Second9. Old as he is, he has _to do every day.A. a lot of work B. much worksC. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks10. Jacks room is furnished with _.A. new furnitures B. many new furnituresC. many new pieces o

17、f furnitures D. many new pieces of furniture11. Have you read _newspaper yet?A. todays B. TodaysC. the todays D. your todays12. Its not far, only _walk from here to our school.A. a ten minutes B. ten minutesC. a ten minutes D. ten minutes13. Last month, he wrote me _letter.A. a 1000-word B. 1000 wor

18、dsC. a 1000-words D. 1000 words14. He had a _sleep yesterday.A. a good night B. a good-nightC. a good nights D. good-nights15. _is not a long way to drive.A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distanceC. Three miles distance D. A three-mile-distance16. His isnt fit for the work. Please get me _.A. s

19、omething else B. somebody elseC. someone elses D. somebodys else17. Do you know how large _ is?A. population of China B. Chinese populationC. China population D. Chinas population18. _ is too much for the boy to carry.A. The box weight B. The boxs weightC. The weight of the box D. The box of the wei

20、ght19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest _ shop?A. shoes B. shoeC. shoes D. shoes20. What _ weather were having these days!A. nice B. a niceC. a bad D. worse21. They say that the meeting will be _.A. of very important B. great importanceC. of great importance D. great important22. Im going to

21、call at _ this evening.A. Mr Black B. the BlacksC. Mr Blacks D. Blacks23. What Darwin said was an attack on peoples religious _.A. belief B. beliefsC. beliefs D. believs24. There are some _waiting for you outside.A. German B. AmericanC. grown-up D. Japanese25. Their factory has developed a kind of _

22、 to help people walk.A. machine B. machinesC. a machine D. the machine26. Therere many _ in my brothers album.A. leafs B. toysC. books D. stamps27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats28. Upon hearing what I said, his _ rose.A. anger

23、 B. angryC. angrily D. angriness29. Excuse me, can you change this _ for me?A. five-pound note B. five pounds noteC. five-pound notes D. five pounds notes30. You have to make _ for your journey A. preparing B. preparationC. a preparation D. preparations31. While washing up, she broke a _.A. glass wi

24、ne B. wine glassC. glass of wine D. wine of glass32. You have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.A. fall B. reality C. practice D. deed33. Heres my card, Lets keep in _.A. touch B. relationC. connection D. friendship34. Ill look into the matter as soon as possible, just have a little

25、_.A. wait B. timeC. patience D. rest35. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask him or her to leave a _.A. message B. letterC. sentence D. notice36. We walked all the _ to the museum.A. trip B. roadC. way D. journey37. Scientists are watching for the earliest _ of harmful _ on the worlds weath

26、er.A. signs; effects B. marks; affectC. tracks; affections D. instance; effections38. These young people are now making an active _ to save the old temple.A. part B. effortC. decision D. plan39. Dont push to the front; you have to wait your _.A. chance B. dutyC. line D. turn40. You need more _ to keep fit.A. practice B. trainC. exercises D.exercise