高三专题名词性从句

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1、高三专题 名词性从句【专题要点】名词性从句考点概览：1.that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3.it作形式宾语的几种情况；4.that从句作介词宾语；5.宾语从句的否定转移；6.whether和if的用法区别；7.what在名词性从句中的使用；8.doubt后的名词性从句的使用。【知识网络】 名词性从句的用法在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名

2、词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that（无任何词意）whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. whichever, whomever连接副词：when, where, how, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We hear

3、d the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首；2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语； 4. 从句后有or notWhether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二. 具体分类1、

4、主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。It is known to us h

5、ow he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注

6、意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2、宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连

7、接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insi

8、st, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句

9、相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引

10、导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。I wonder whether he w

11、ill come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 199

12、8. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he

13、 will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。3、表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不

14、到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .【点拨】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。4、同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、ho

15、pe、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。三、对比与用法1、同位语从

16、句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）2、That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。用it作形式主语的that-从句有

17、以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that很明显b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that从所周知It has been decided that已决定c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that是常识It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是It is a fac

18、t that事实是d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that我突然想起It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。Its a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。3、否定转移1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句

19、的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上

20、好天气。【典例精析】1.(2007 山东，22 )Could I speak to _is in charge of International Sales ,please ?A. anyoneB. someone C. whoever D. no matter who【解析】C.“is in charge of International Sales ”表语从句，缺少引导词和主语。其中A. B.选项后面需加定语从句引导词who； 而no matter who不能引导名词性从句，只能引导状语从句。2.（2008 重庆，25 ）People in Chongqing are proud of _

21、they have achieved in the past ten years . A. that B. which C what D. how 【解析】C “they have achieved in the past ten years ”做介词of的宾语，宾语从句中缺少have achieved的宾语。3.（2008 山东，23 ）_was most important to her ,she told me ,was her family . A. It B This C. What D. As【解析】C.句子的主干为“_was most important to her was h

22、er family”很明显此句的主语是个从句，主语从句中缺主语。4.（09山东）The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait tor her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who【解析】A remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。5.（09湖南）She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. howev

23、er C. whatever D. whoever【解析】C 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。6.（09江西）The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though【解析】C 间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。7.（09海南）Could I speak to is in charge

24、of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever【解析】C whoever既作了to的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。“whoever”作代词，any person whothe person who“任何人”、“无论谁”、“的人”。8.（09陕西）The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. who

25、ever【解析】D 此处从做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D。9.（09海南）One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public healthA. what B. this C. that D. which【解析】C 句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，that 作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that名词”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。10.（09上海）As a new diplomat, he often thinks of

26、_ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. how【解析】D考查宾语从句用法。句意“作为一个新的外交家，他常常想到在这样的场合下，他如何才能作出更恰当的反应”。可知选D符合。11.（09四川）8. News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where【解析】C 在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释

27、说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。【专题突破】要求学生在做题中要注意如下几点：1.分析结构，辨析名词性从句和状语从句；2.理解句意，正确区别引导词；3.按照句意，出现那个引导词意思，便选择那个引导词。1.There is a common belief among them _rubbish can and should be put to good use .A. which B. if C. whose D. that 2._ has been mentioned above, continued chairman aft

28、er he took a sip of coffee, _ the project must be carried out before spring flood comes.A. As; that B. That; which C. This; which D. It; that3. David Beckham has _it take to become a professional football player.Awho Bwhat Cwhich Dthat4. Nobody would stand out admitting the fact, for some reason, th

29、ey lost the game.A. that B. which C. whatD. why5.- The patient looks much better. is it that has made him he is today?- Perhaps the special medicine and his familys patient care. AWhat; that BThat; thatCWhat; what DWhat; which6. After three hours climbing , they reached they thought was the place th

30、eyd been dreaming of .Awhat Bwhich Cwhere Dthat7. A plan has been put forward _ more graduates should go to work in the countryA. when B. that C. whether D. how8.It is pretty well understood _controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what D.how 9.There is a

31、new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 10._ made the school proud was _ more that 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.WhatbecauseB.WhatthatC.Thatw

32、hatD.Thatbecause11. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited12.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. How13.The r

33、oad is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going by motor-bike. A. why B. whether C. when D. how参考答案和解析：1.【解析】D “_rubbish can and should be put to good use .”是a common belief的同位语从句，从句中意思完整,结构完整。2.【解析】A“_ has been mentioned above”是定语从句，而“_ the project must be carried out before spri

34、ng flood comes.”是动词continued的宾语从句，宾语从句中句意和结构都完整，故选that，结合第一个空，得答案A. 3.【解析】B “_ it takes to be a professional footballer”做has的宾语，宾语从句中缺少takes的宾语。句意“贝克拥有成为一名职业足球运动员所需要的品质” 4.【解析】A“_ they lost the game.”在句子中做the fact 的同位语从句,从句意思结构完整,结构完整。5.【解析】C先将句子结构理清楚，it is _that has made him _he is today 就可以判断，第一个空

35、是考察强调句型的特殊疑问形式；第二个空则是表语从句，表语从句中缺少he is的表语。句意：病人好多了，是什么使得他成为现在这个样子。6.【解析】A考生误以为是地点状语从句，误选Cwhere。而reached是及物动词，后边接的是宾语从句，宾语从句除去插入语they thought，应该缺主语。7.【解析】B 考察同位语从句，表达A plan的具体内容，has been put forward将名词与从句隔开，加大了难度。8.【解析】C 主要测试主语从句。分析句子结构可知：句子属于形式主语格式；另外主句中缺少主语。双重作用的引导词只能是what。例如：It is still doubtful w

36、hat he said at the meeting yesterday。昨天他在会上说的话仍然值得怀疑。9.【解析】C 主要测试同位语从句。由句子语境可知句意;有个新的问题卷入私家车行列：道路状况需要改进。结合同位语从句的定义可知：问题的具体内容既是：到了状况需要改进。因此属于该句型结构。例如：There was a new problem put forward at the meeting where we could get the loan。会议上提出一个新问题，我们到哪儿弄到贷款。10【解析】B主要测试主语从句和表语从句。分析句子结构可知：句子_ made the school p

37、roud 缺少主语，另外还要引导主语从句，故此只能选择what，由此先排除C、D两答案。再结合句子_ more that 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities结构完整不缺少成分，只需要引导词。句子意思：让我们学校自豪的是百分之九十多的学生被重点大学录取。11.【解析】A 主要测试表语从句。此试题测试的重点在于表语从句及起引导词。句子意思：你仍在考虑昨天的比赛吗？哦，那正是让我感到兴奋的地方。可以利用排除法：B、C、D三个答案中结构或句子意思不符合语境。12.【解析】C主要测试表语从句。解题的关键在于分清句子中动词di

38、sagree的词性：不及物动词。句子意思：你说每个人应该平等，这正是我不同意的地方。13.【解析】A 主要测试宾语从句。充分把握题干挖掘所有可能存在的信息。意思：路上有积雪。我不理解他们为何坚持骑摩托车去。此题可以结合语境及答案两方面，逐一排查寻找最佳答案。充分注意所给答案能够充当句子什么成分这也是解题的关键。【学法导航】考生对于名词性从句的复习和应试关键要把握每个引导词的意义，因为在对于名词性从句的考查中，引导词在句子中都起作用，有意义，因此在分析句子结构，对比辨别名词性从句、状语从句、强调句式后，最后还是要选择引导词；另外还要注意以下几点：1what 引导词的考查，尤其位于介词后引导的宾语

39、从句以及引导名词性从句时的双重作用。2Whether和if 的区别，尤其注意他们的不同之处。3名词性从句和其它从句的兼容结构测试。4.句子语序和时态。具体说：1.掌握名词性从句的分类功能名词性从句根据其在主句的功能作用又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1)若从句在句中作主语为主语从句What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.(NMET93) 2.)若从句在句中作宾语为宾语从句I remember when this used to be a quiet village.(NMET93) 3.)若从句在句中作

40、表语为表语从句-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that why you had a few days off?(NMET99) 4)若从句在句中作同位语为同位语从句We will discuss the question whether we will go there or not. 2.掌握连词的含义及分类绝大多数名词性从句的连词都有其实在意义，称为有义连词，如what表“的内容”，when表“的时间”，where表“的地点”，why表“的原因”，how表“如何；怎样”，who表“谁”，if、whether表“是否”；没

41、有实在意义的连词叫无义连词，无义连词只有that一个。3.掌握名词性从句的语序名词性从句用陈述语序。4.掌握名词性从句和其它从句之间的关系有些连词除引导名词性从句外还可引导其它从句，应掌握它们之间的关系。1)if ,whether表是否时引导名词性从句；if表“如果”时引导条件状语从句；whether表“无论是否；不管是否”时引导让步状语从句。2)when表“的时间”，where表“的地方”时引导名词从句；when表“当的时候”引导时间状语从句，where表“的地方”，且修饰行为动词时，引导地点状语从句；when,where从句作定语修饰先行词时引导定语从句。【专题综合】1.we can no

42、t figure out _quit a number of insects ,birds ,and animals are dying out . A. that B. as C. why D. when 2. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth ,_our astronauts desire to do is walk in space . A. where B. what C. that D. How3. Mary wrote an article on _the team had failed to win the game

43、 . A. why B. what C. who D. that 4. The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _the cross-river traffic is the heaviest .A. which; where B. at which ;which C. at which ;where D. which ;in which 5. The shopkeeper didnt want to sell for _he thought was not enough . A where B. how C. what

44、 D. which 6. A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday . A. if B. when C. that D. which 7. See the flag on top of the building ? That was _ we did this morning . A when B. which C. where D. what 8 The government has announced that a

45、modern city will be set up in _is still a wasteland now . A. what B. which C. that D. where 9Many people wrote articles on _Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event . A. why B. what C. who D. that 10The couple are spending their holiday on _is described as one of the most beautiful islands . A.

46、that B. what C. which D. where 11The book is meant to _needs it . A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. whom12.In his speech, Premier Wen Jiabao points out that creativity is _it takes to keep a nation highly competitive . A. how B. what C. which D. that 13The experience of the Chinese nation attests to

47、a truth_ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress A. that whatB. what C. that D. what that14_has recently been done to provide more buses for the people ,a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem . A.That B.What C.In spite of what D.Though what 15._is cer

48、tain is _prevention is more important than treatment . A.It;that B.What;that C.As;what D.What;what参考答案和解析：1.【解析】C figure out后接宾语从句，根据从句要表达的意思“为什么很多昆虫，鸟，和动物在逐渐灭绝”2.【解析】B“our astronauts desire to do”是主语从句，从句中缺少do的宾语3.【解析】A“the team had failed to win the game”是词on的宾语从句，从句中不缺主干，故排除B和C.再根据句意 “为什么这个队没能赢”4

49、.【解析】C“he bridge is supposed to be built”是定语从句，修饰名词place。“he cross-river traffic is the heaviest”组在句中做表语，表语从句引导词中没有in which，两空结合5.【解析】C.那位店主不愿意以他认为不够高的价格出售他的商品。本题考察宾语从句的用法。难度在于“he thought”的干扰。从句中缺少主语故选C. what6.【解析】C.句意：我脑海中突然出现一个温情的念头，用我的零花钱给妈妈买些鲜花作为她的生日礼物。本题考察名词性从句用法。I might use the pocket money to

50、 buy some flowers for my mothers birthday .做A warm thought 的同位语从句。中间被suddenly came to me隔开，增加了试题难度。此外，部分考生由于对同位语从句和定语从句不分，故错选D为答案7.【解析】D表语从句中缺did的宾语。8.【解析】A “_is still a wasteland now .”做介词in的宾语从句，从句中缺主语句意为：政府已经宣布一座现代化的城市将在这片现在仍是废墟的地方建成。 9.【解析】A“_Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event .”做介词on的

51、宾语，宾语从句中不缺主干，故排除B和C。另外that不引导介词的宾语从句（固定搭配除外），所以排除D。10【解析】B “_is described as one of the most beautiful islands .”宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，11.【解析】B whoever在宾语从句中做主语，部分学生，因为只看到介词to，误认为要添whomever做介词的宾语。12【解析】B “_it takes to keep a nation highly competitive .”做表语从句，从句中缺少takes的宾语，构成 it takes sth to do sth 结构。13【解析】A

52、本题句子结构比较复杂，“_ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress”做a truth的同位语从句，同位语从句中_ a nation loses in times of disaster为主语从句。本句共有两个从句，故有两个引导词。句意为“中华民族的经验证明了一个真理，即，一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。14.【解析】C “_has recently been done to provide more buses for the people”在句中做让步状语,而D. Though what错误,因为,一个单一的从句不能用两个连词引导.句意:尽管在为人们提供更多公交车这件事上,投入了很多,但是公交工具的缺乏,仍然是个问题.15【解析】B “_is certain”在句中做主语,主语从句缺少一个主语,需要用What; “_prevention is more important than treatment .”系表语从句,句意与结构完整,只有that,可以这样用。