新目标英语八年级下Unit1

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1、-新目标英语八年级下Unit 15 知识点总结 一. 知识点总结： （一） 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示筹算、准备做的工作或者肯定要发生的工作。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用处： 1. 表示预感 Do you think it will rain? You wil

2、l feel better after a good rest. 2. 表表示意思图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be ? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont 否定

3、句构成：will + not （wont）+do Sarah wont come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词will主语？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I dont feel well today. （be better tomorrow） Ill be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _ 2. Im tired now. （sleep lat

4、er） _ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _ 4. We cant leave right now. （leave a little later） _ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _ 答案：1. Shell have a lot of homework tonight. 2. Ill sleep later. 3. Theyll buy one soon. 4. Well leave a little later. 5. Maybe itll be bette

5、r tomorrow. （二）should的用处： should用来提出建议以及忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我以为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她时常开车，很少走路。所以我以为她应该多走路。 Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计

6、较机游戏。 学习向别人提建议的几种句式： （1）I think you should （2）Well, you could （3）Maybe you should （4）Why dont you? （5）What about doing sth.? （6）Youd better do sth. 用should或shouldnt填空 1. I cant sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3. There i

7、s little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didnt invite you? Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. 答案：1. should 2. shouldnt 3. should 4. should 5. should （三） 过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一点儿时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。 1. 构成 was /were + doing，例如

8、： I was watching TV at 9 oclock last night. at 9 oclock last night是时间点 They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon是时间段 2. 过去进行时的标志词 at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。例如： I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一

9、本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件工作。） 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. This time yesterday I _ _（read）books. 2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party. 3. When I _（come）into the classroom, she _ _（read）a storybook. 4. She _ _（play）computer games while her mother _ _（cook）yesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _（have）a shower when

10、 you _（call）me yesterday. 答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called （四） 间接引语 形成步骤： （1）不要逗点，冒号，引号 （2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的） （3）要考虑时态的变化 （4）要考虑时间状语、所在状语以及语示代词的变化。 1. 直接引语酿成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 2.

11、直接引语酿成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律 直接引语 1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has 4. will 5. can 6. may 间接引语 1. was 2. were 3. had 4. would 5. could 6. might 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. She said I _（be）hard-working. 2. Peter told me he _（be）bored yesterday. 3. She said she _（go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _（may）call me

12、 later. 5. Antonio told me he _（read）a book then. 答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading 请转述他人说的话： 1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom） 2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy） 3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike） 4. Im having a surprise party for Lana. （she） （五） if引导的条件状语从句 结构：if一般现在时，

13、主语将来时 含义：要是，将要 例如：If you ask him, he will help you. 要是你请求他，他会帮助你。 If need be, well work all night. 要是需要，我们就干个彻夜。 根据中文提示，完成句子。 1. 要是你参加聚会，你将会过患上很开心。 If you _ the party, you _. 2. 要是明天降雨，我们将不去野餐。 If it _ tomorrow, we _. 3. 要是你时常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。 If you often _, you _. 答案： 1. If you go to the party, you w

14、ill have a good time 2. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the picnic 3. If you often listen to English songs, youll like English 二. 完形填空特点及解题思路 （一）题型分类与特点 完形填空试题是在给出的一篇漫笔中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助漫笔保留的部分，从所给的漫笔群体出发，在正确理解漫笔意思的基础上，根据句子以及句子间的内在联系、词的用处以及习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的漫笔意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从

15、形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必需注意到漫笔中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配以及语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必需符合语义适用以及语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题以及完形填空题。 1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇漫笔中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读漫笔后，在理解漫笔意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项入选出一个最完美的回答，使漫笔内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的漫笔一般与初中英语教材难易水平至关，字数在150200个单词之内，多数设

16、置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对漫笔内容的理解。漫笔的熬头句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给鉴定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对漫笔的群体理解以及逻辑推理能力。 2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在漫笔前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从入选出适当的词以正确的形式填入漫笔空格内。 （A） Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短语）have a day o

17、ff. He 2 , then he had an idea. Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? he asked the teacher. Of course, you can. replied （答复）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teachers door. May I have a day off 5 ? The teacher was very surprised, Didnt you 6 it just now? Yes, sir.

18、But I cant be here 7 , either. The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, Why didnt you sayMay I have two days off? The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. But you only 10 ushave a day off! （ ）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for （ ）2. A. thought hardly B. thought hard an

19、d hard C. hard thought D. thought and thought （ ）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr （ ）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock （ ）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once （ ）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do （ ）7. A. tomorrow B. the day after tomorrow C. yesterday D. the day before yesterday （ ）8. A. laugh B.

20、 to laugh C. laughed D. laughing （ ）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by （ ）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching （B） 请根据内容从所给的15个单词入选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使漫笔完整，有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。 than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what A generation gap （代

21、沟）has become a serious problem. I read a _（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _（2）after quarrels （争吵）with parents. I think this is _（3）they dont have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _（4）time in the office. _（5）they dont have much time to stay with their children. A

22、s time passes, they both feel _（6）they dont have the same topics（话题）to talk about. I want to _（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _（8）your parents. They are the people who _（9）you. So tell them your thoughts （想法）. In thi

23、s way, you can have a better _（10）of each other. 完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是： 1. 跳过空格、通读全文、驾驭大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的漫笔，患上到群体印象，做到搞清文脉、捉住大旨，较好地驾驭漫笔大意。要在阅读理解漫笔意思的基础上才开始鉴定选择，切实避免仓促落笔。 2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构以及词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从阐发句子结构入手，根据漫笔意思、语法例则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对

24、备选项逐一进行阐发、比较以及筛选，排除干扰项、开端选定答案。 3. 畏首畏尾、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要畏首畏尾、通篇考虑、先易后难。相比较较明显直接的、本身最有驾驭的答案先做，一会儿不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过甚来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已经确定答案的选项再读一遍漫笔，随着对漫笔理解的深入，可以减低试题的困难程度，提高选择的正确率。 4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空当真复查。看所选定的答案是否使漫笔意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲

25、、重复酌量、做出修正。 完形填空试题的一般解题思路是： 1. 跳过空格、通读漫笔、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的漫笔，了解全篇的内容以及要旨。要正视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。 2. 复读漫笔、确定语义、判断词形。驾驭漫笔大意后再当真复读漫笔，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配以及语法例则，判断所填的词的正确形式。 3. 三读漫笔、上下参照、验证答案。在漫笔的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的漫笔再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把

26、所填的答案放入漫笔中进行检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡是有疑问必需重新推敲考虑。 （三）课文阅读指导 1. 初中阅读 阅读理解能力 （1）理解大旨要义 （2）理解文中详细信息 （3）根据上下文猜测生词的意义 （4）做出简单判断的推理 （5）理解文章的基本结构 （6）理解作者的意图以及态度 2. 培养良好阅读习惯 （1）扩大视距 （2）克服声读 （3）克服逐字读 3. 猜测词文 （1）通过标题或主题句进行预先推测 （2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图以及倾向、篇章的总体意义以及深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预先推测，以便正确理解。

27、 （3）通过语篇标记进行预先推测 （4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。 （5）利用背景知识预先推测 （6）利用图片进行预先推测 【模拟试题】（答题时间：80分钟） 一. 选择填空。 （ ）1. Beijing won the chances _ the 2008 Olympics. A. to host B. host C. hosting D. hosted （ ）2. Tiger Woods can make billions _ dollars a year. A. for B. with C. of D. on （ ）3. You looked so beautiful

28、at the party. _. A. No, I dont think so B. Of course C. Thank you very much D. No, Im not beautiful （ ）4. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little （ ）5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My cheesewas an interesting boo

29、k. A. that B. what C. how D. if （ ）6. In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think. I dont agree. Speaking is _ reading. A. as important as B. so important as C. the more important D. the most important （ ）7. If he _ harder, hell catch up with us. A. work B. works C. worke

30、d D. will work （ ）8. The manager _ that the business would be worse after the stock （股票）went down. A. talked B. told C. said D. spoke （ ）9. We should keep _ in the reading-room. A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly （ ）10. I think everything goes on well. _. A. So I do B. I do so C. So do I D. So

31、is I （ ）11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _. A. down B. it on C. on it D. it off （ ）12. Im sorry I havent got any money. Ive _ my handbag at home. A. missed B. left C. put D. forgotten （ ）13. He is listening to the music _ she is washing clothes. A. after B. before C. that D. while （ ）14. It

32、 takes _ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train. A. more B. fewer C. longer D. less （ ）15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser? Sorry, I havent. Why _ you ask Mary? Perhaps shes got one. A. do B. dont C. did D. didnt 二. 选择恰当的答语。 _1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? A. Your teacher wont l

33、et you in. _2. Will people use paper B. He said I couldnt stay out late. money in the future? _3. I cant sleep, what should I do? C. I was doing my homework. _4. If I wear jeans to school, D. No, they wont. Everyone what will happen? will have a credit card. _5. What did your father say? E. You shou

34、ld listen to some relaxing music. 三. 根据汉语提示填空： 1. 不知道该怎么办，你能给我点建议吗？ I dont know _ to do, can you give me some _? 2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给差人打了个电话。 While the alien was _ a souvenir, I _ the police. 3. 我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。 On my way home from school, I saw a cat get _ _ a window. 4. 我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件工作。 I don

35、t want to talk _ it with you _ the phone. 5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。 We are going to have a _ party for John _ Friday evening. 四. 完形填空： 把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完整。 Three men went up in a balloon（气球）. They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon the

36、y heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope （绳子）, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand. After the sun

37、 rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and 3 . The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. 4 , but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and the

38、y were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice. At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land

39、. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London! A. The men tried to throw out some more sand B. they were able to change its weight （重量） C. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way. D. they climbed to get away from the snow E. the air

40、there was very cold 五. 阅读理解 （A） Einstein Was Waiting for His Friend Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write somethin

41、g down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again. Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies. 1. What did

42、Einstein do? He was _. A. a doctor B. a teacher C. a scientist 2. Why was Einstein on a bridge. A. Because he was writing something on the bridge. B. Because he was waiting for a friend. C. Because he was thinking. 3. It rained _. A. sometimes B. for some time C. for a long time 4. Einstein _ and be

43、gan to write something on it. A. bought a piece of paper. B. took a piece of paper from his car. C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket. 5. Which is true? A. Einstein was careful with his work. B. Einstein was careful with his clothes. C. Einstein was careful with his friends. （B） 糊口中总会有许多意外变乱

44、发生，懂患上急救或自救是非常重要的。请阅读下面材料，根据15小题所描写的救护要领，从A-G七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画（本题共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多选不给分。） 1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth. 2. If the

45、 person is bleeding （流血）badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding. 3. If you are bitten （cut by teeth）by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water. Cover the broken part, if there is any

46、, with a piece of clean cloth. Then see a doctor as soon as possible. 4. If you are burnt （hurt by fire or something very hot）, cool the burnt part at once. Run cool （not cold）water over the burn until it is less painful. Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part. 5. If there is a fire

47、, never use a lift in the building, because its very dangerous. The lift may get trapped between floors. Use the stairs and leave the building at once. 1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _ Here are some pictures to choose. 六. 撰著： （从下列2封来信入选择一封写回信。） Dear friend, There will be a party this weekend. All my friends are

48、 invited to the party except me. I am angry. And I dont know why they didnt invite me! What do you think? Can you help me? Upset Dear friend, I am a new student in Grade One, but my English is too bad. Yesterday I had an English test and my grade was just so so. I want to improve my English. What sh

49、ould I do? Could you give me some advice? Looking for help Dear _, _ _ _. 【试题答案】 （A）1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B （B）1. report 2. themselves 3. because 4. much / more 5. So 6. that 7. tell 8. to 9. love 10. understanding 参考练习答案： 一. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B 二. 1. C 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B 三. 1. what, advice 2. buying, called 3. out, of 4. about, on 5. surprise, on 四. 1. C 2. B 3. E 4. D 5. A 五. （A）1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A （B）1. C 2. B 3. F 4. G 5. E