《物流专业英语》PPT课件.ppt

《《物流专业英语》PPT课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《物流专业英语》PPT课件.ppt（138页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、物流管理专业英语 重庆交通大学 管理学院,单词是构成句子的基本要素之一，因此单词的翻译直接关系到句子的翻译。 一.词的搭配 二.词的转译 三.词的增译 四.词的省译,单词,一、词的搭配,1、动词与名词的搭配 以动词“Move”为例，其基本意思是“运动”，但在不同的句子里与不同的名词搭配，译法则也不同。 （1）The earth moves round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。 （2）Linked with the retailing operations is the gradual move into non store shopping. 与零售业的发展相关的是向非商场购物的逐步

2、转变。 （3）Move Mike to other work. 调Mike去做别的工作。 （4）The work moves slowly. 工作进展缓慢。,There is currently a move to establish partnership arrangements. 目前有趋势建立新的合作伙伴关系。,2、副词与动词的搭配 以副词“successfully”为例。 （1）Most of these unions have been beneficial ones successfully. 大部分的组织成功地成为了盈利的企业。 （2）The transportation wa

3、s finished successfully. 圆满地完成了运输（任务）。 （3）Our production plan has been successfully carried out. 我们的生产计划已顺利执行了。,3、形容词与名词的搭配 以形容词“thick”为例。 (1)The book is 8 inches thick. 这本书有8英寸厚。 (2)He drew a thick line on the paper. 他在纸上画了一条粗线。 (3)Thick liquids move much more slowly than thin liquids. 粘稠的液体比稀薄的液体流

4、动慢得多。 (4)The conditions are too thick. 条件太过分了(太多了)。,二、词义转译,1、英语动词、形容词、副词译成汉语名词。 （1）Logistics differ from supply chain management in that 物流和供应链管理的区别在于 （2）The instrument is characterized by its compactness and portability. 这个仪器的特点是结构紧凑、携带方便。 （3）The package must be strong and hard. 包装必须有足够的强度和硬度。,2、英语

5、名词、介词、形容词、副词译成汉语动词。 （1）The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labour productivity. 使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。 （2） Logistics(military definition):The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces movement and hospitalization of personnel 人员的运输和就医

6、 （3）Managers are confident that home shopping has now arrived. 管理者们深信非商场购物（电子购物）的时代已经到来。,3、英语形容词、名词译成汉语副词。 （1）A continuous increase of public awareness for environmental issues has had a particular impact on logistics. 公众环保意识不断地增强，对物流产生了特殊的影响。 （2）It is our great surprise to note that the toys withou

7、t their boxers cannot be stacked on to wooden pallets. 人们很意外地发现，没有包装的玩具不能整齐地堆码在木质的托盘上。,三、词的增译,1、增加英语中省略的词。 （1）Long-term outside relationships are at the heart of the streamlined organization. 与外部企业建立长期关系,是实现企业一体化的关键。 （2）The transportation was finished successfully. 圆满地完成了运输任务。 （3）This may mean that

8、a depot is larger than necessary. 这可能意味着仓库的规模比实际需要的大。,2、增加表示名词复数的词。 Logistics management has experienced the second transition in the 1980s. 物流管理的第二次变革发生在20世纪80年代。 3、增加某些被动语态或动名词中没有具体指出的动作执行者或暗含的逻辑主语。 A very board view of external factors is taken. 人们对外部环境进行了更深入的评价。,4、在形容词前加名词 The machines of this t

9、ype is indeed cheap and fine. 这种类型的设备真是价廉物美。 5、增加表示数量意义的概括性的词，以起修饰润色的作用 A typical approach is to undertaken a form of SWOT analysis, which involve strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. 常用的分析方法是SWOT分析，包括了优势、劣势、机遇和挑战四个方面。,是增补还是省译都要根据意义、修辞和句法的需要,使其词更通顺地表达原文的思想内容。 Commodity price consideration

10、s may also produce a need for warehousing. 出于对商品价格的考虑,也需要仓储功能。,四、词的省译,Reading material:Planning framework for logistics,corporate strategy planning logistics design strategy product life cycle,Strategic planning overview,The initial phase of a strategic study should incorporate a review to the exter

11、nal environment within which a company operates. This includes such factors as the economic climate, current regulations and potential regulatory changes and any relevant technological developments. 战略规划的最初阶段应该综合评价公司运营的外部环境。它包括经济环境、当前的法规及其可能的变化和其他相关的技术变革等因素。,vt.组成公司;包含;使混合;使具体化 vi.包含;吸收;合并;混合,Also o

12、f importance for most companies would be some sort of evaluation of major competitors-particularly, any information regarding service and logistics strategies. One recognized approach to reviewing and evaluating this impact of the external environment is to undertake what is known as PEST analysis.

13、对大多数的公司都很重要的是对主要竞争对手进行评估，尤其是与物流服务策略相关的任何信息。对外部环境的影响进行评价的确定的方法就是所谓的PEST分析法。,PEST analysis,Political Economic Social cultural Technological,PEST analysis:external influence,Political/legal monopolies legislation environmental protection laws taxation policy foreign trade regulations employment law gov

14、ernment stability,mn:pli n.垄断;专卖;垄断者;专利品,垄断法规 环境保护法 税收政策 对外贸易法 就业法 政府的稳定,PEST analysis:external influence,Economic interest rates money supply inflation unemployment disposable income energy availability,利润率 资金来源 通货膨胀 失业 可支配收入 可用能源,PEST analysis: external influence,Socio cultural population demograp

15、hics income distribution social mobility lifestyle changes attitude to work人口统计学的( demographic的名词复数 ),人口统计 收入分配 社会变化 生活方式的改变 工作态度 贴现 n.贴现;数目,discounts,n.波动，涨落，起伏,考虑需求的季节性波动,To allow for price fluctuations speculation To help the production and distribution operations run more smoothly To provide cus

16、tomers with immediate service To minimize production delays caused by lack of spare parts Work in progress,n.投机买卖;思考;投机活动,speculation,有利于生产和配送的顺利进行,有利于为顾客提供及时服务,spare parts,备用品，存货,使生产延误产生的损失最少,Work,为生产过程服务,Types of stock-holding,Working stock Cycle stock Safety stock Speculative stock Seasonal stock

17、,This can be raw materials that are “bought forward” for financial or supply reasons, for finished stock that is pre-planned to prepare for expected future increases in demand. 该库存可能是由于资金或供应等原因而提前购买的原材料；也可能是为了应对需求的预期增加而购买的成品库存。,The implications for other logistics functions,The relationship of inven

18、tory for,Warehousing,Transport,distribution,A distribution system will require high stock levels specifically with respect to the amount of safety stock held. 仓库较多的配送系统需要持有较多的库存量，尤其是安全库存量。 In addition, a large number of depots are likely to mean fairly small delivery areas reflecting poor stock turn

19、 and higher unit costs in warehouse. 此外，仓库数量众多也可能意味着配送范围相当狭小，反映出缓慢的库存周转和高昂的单位仓储成本。,that does have many depots,stock turn 库存周转,Although this leads to an increase in local transport costs because delivery distances are greater, there are large savings to be made in inventory reduction - specifically i

20、n safety stock reduction. 尽管由于配送距离的延长导致了当地运输成本的增加，但是，由于库存量尤其是安全库存量的减少带来了极大的成本节约。,This may mean that a depot is larger than necessary；that extra outside storage is required, or that the depot operation is hindered through a shortage of working space. 这可能意味着仓库的规模比实际需要的大；或者需要租用公共仓库；或者由于空间不足导致仓库的运作受到阻碍。

21、 It is often found that approximately 20 percent of storage lines represent 80 percent of the throughput in a warehouse. 通常可以发现大约20%的库存品种占了80%的库存量。,storage lines 库存品种类； throughput 产量，库存量,Whereas inventory savings can be made by reducing depot numbers, this will be associated with an increase in loca

22、l delivery costs because mileage will increase as depot areas become larger. 与减少仓库的数量可以降低库存成本不同的是，减少仓库的数量会增加当地的运输成本，因为随着配送范围的扩大配送距离将会延长。 It is generally true, however, that any increase in transport cost will be more than offset by inventory and warehouse cost savings. 然而通常的情况是运输成本的增加将显著地被库存和仓储成本的节约

23、所抵消。,this,One other area where inventory policy can influence transport is the provision of backloads for return journeys trunking vehicles and sometimes by delivery vehicles. 库存策略对运输的另一个影响是为返程的干线运输车辆，有时是当地的配送车辆提供回程荷载。,干线运输车辆,地区配送车辆,Inventory cost,Capital cost Service cost Storage cost Risk cost,The

24、 cost of stock management and insurance.,The cost of space, handling and associated warehousing costs involved with the actual storage of the product.,This is financing charge that is the current cost of capital to a company or the opportunity cost of tying up capital that might otherwise be produci

25、ng a return if invested elsewhere. 它是公司当期筹集资金的费用，或者是被占用资金的机会成本，即如果将其投资于其他领域可能产生的回报。,This occurs as a consequence of pilferage, deterioration of stock, damage and stock obsolescence. pilferage n.行窃，偷盗;小偷小摸 deterioration n.恶化;变坏;退化;堕落 obsolescence n.废弃;陈旧过时 风险成本通常是由于存货的失窃、腐烂、磨损和过时所产生的。 With the reduct

26、ion product life cycles and the fast rate of development and introduction of new products this has become a very important aspect of inventory costs. 随着产品生命周期的缩短以及新产品研发速度的加快，风险成本已经成为库存成本中非常重要的一项。,The reorder cost refers to the cost of actually placing an order with a company for the product in quest

27、ion. 订购成本是指公司采购所需产品时实际发生的费用。 The set up cost refers to the additional cost that may be incurred if the goods are produced specifically for the company. 定制成本是企业生产专门的产品所导致的额外费用。,Inventory replenishment systems,Periodic review systems Fixed point reorder systems,The disadvantages of low stock levels: 1

28、. Customers orders cannot immediately fulfilled, which may lead to the loss of business. 2. Goods have to be ordered very frequently, which may lead to heavy ordering costs and heavy handling and delivery costs.,低库存水平缺点： 1. 不能立刻满足顾客的订单，导致企业业务的损失。（被动翻译为主动） 2. 必须频繁的订货，导致高昂的订购成本及搬运、配送成本。,The disadvanta

29、ges of high stock levels: 1.Capital is tied up. 2.There is the risk of product deterioration and of products becoming outdated, superseded or obsolete. 3.The expense of providing additional storage space.,高库存水平缺点： 1.资金被占用。 2.存在产品腐烂、过时、被取代甚至被淘汰的风险。 3.需要提供额外的储存空间。,Inventory replenishment systems are d

30、esigned to minimize the effects of these high/low stock level disadvantages by identifying the most appropriate amount of inventory that should be held for the different products stocked.,表示目的,表示方式,设计库存补货系统的目的是通过确定不同类型产品应持有的合理库存量使过高/过低库存水平的不利影响最小。,The periodic review system works on the premise that

31、 the stock level of the product is examined at regular intervals and, depending on the quantity in stock, a replenishment order is placed. The size of the order is selected to bring the stock to a predetermined level. premise 前提 regular intervals 固定时间间隔 quantity in stock 实际库存量 predetermined 预先的;注定的,

32、定期订货系统开展的前提是每隔一段时间就对产品进行盘点，根据实际的库存量确定需要补货的数量。 订购量为使库存达到预定库存水平的数量。,pridk adj.周期的;定期的;回归的;间歇的，时而发生的,For the fixed point reorder system, a specific stock level is determined, at which point a replenishment order will be placed. The same quantity of the product is reordered when that stock level is reac

33、hed.,对于定量订货，需预先确定一个具体的订购点，一旦达到该订购点就需要补货。 每一次的订购量相同。,They do have one significant drawback, however, which is that they can create unnecessarily high or low stock levels, especially when demand occurs in discrete chunks. 然而，他们有一个显著的缺点，就是会产生不必要的过高或过低的库存，尤其是当需求不稳定时。 This applies, in particular, to muti

34、-echelon distribution systems where the demand at each level is aggregated at the next level up the supply chain. 尤其是对于多节点的分销系统，即每个节点的需求都被汇总到上一级节点企业的需求中。,grgt n.合计;聚集体; adj.总数的，总计的;聚合的; vt.使聚集，使积聚;总计达,Thus, small changes in demand for finished products are amplified as they move back through the sup

35、ply chain. 因此，最终产品很小的需求变化，随着其往供应链上游传递都会被放大。 The result is a surge in demand up the supply chain as each inventory location individually adjusts to the demand increases. 其结果是，当各个节点企业独立调整库存以适应需求增长时，需求沿着供应链向上传递被急剧扩大。,Reorder quantities,The EOQ method is an attempt to estimate the best order quantity by

36、 balancing the conflicting costs of holding stock and of placing replenishing orders. 经济订购批量法是通过均衡库存持有成本和采购成本来估算最合适的订购量。 The effect of order quantity on stock-holding costs is that the larger the order quantity for a given item, the longer will be the average time in the store and greater will be th

37、e storage costs. 订购量对库存持有成本的影响是：某产品的订购量越大，产品的平均储存时间越长，储存成本也越高。,On the other hand, the placing of a large number of small quantity orders produces a low average stock, but a much higher cost in terms of the number of orders that need to be placed and the associated administration and delivery costs.

38、另一方面，大量小批量的订单将带来较低的库存成本，但是由于订购次数增加将导致更高的订购成本以及相关的管理和运输成本。,An important point to appreciate is that factors such as these may need to be considered as well as any suggested order quantity that derives from a stock control or stock reorder system. 重要的是要知道，必须结合这些因素拟定库存订购量。,Analyze the relationships of

39、follows: depot numbers and inventory level inventory levels and depot sizes depot numbers and storage costs depot numbers and distribution costs depot numbers and trunking costs depot numbers and total transport cost,As the number of depots increases, the storage cost will also increase.,The greater

40、 the number of depots, the less the distribution costs.,Introduction,Problems with traditional approaches to inventory planning,Different inventory requirements,The lead-time gap,Chapter 6 Inventory control and management,Inventory and time,Inventory planning for manufacturing/retailing,Problems wit

41、h traditional approaches to inventory planning,Companies are beginning to understand that the cost to excess or unnecessary stock held anywhere in their supply chain, whether they have direct responsibility for it or not, is still going to have an impact on their bottom-line costs. 企业已经逐渐认识到，供应链上过多的

42、或不必要的库存所产生的费用，无论是否由企业（自身）直接产生，都将对产品的最终成本产生影响。,Some retailers have begun to ask their suppliers to take responsibility for the planning and management to the stock of products they supply. 一些零售商已经开始要求其供应商对其所供应产品的库存规划和管理负责。 Although still a useful and valid tool in many circumstances, some of the main

43、 assumptions on which it is based are less realistic for companies that have adopted a more streamlined approach to their logistics and supply chain activities. 尽管在很多时候EOQ仍然是很有效的方法，但是其以之为基础的很多假设对于那些实现了物流和供应链一体化的企业而言越来越不现实了。,Different inventory requirements,Independent demand occurs where the demand

44、for one particular product isnt related to the demand for any other products. 独立需求是指对某一产品的需求与其他任何产品的需求没有直接的关系。 This is an important distinction, because products with an independent demand necessitate the use of forecasting to help determine expected demand levels and associated inventory requiremen

45、ts. 这是很重要的区别，因为独立性需求的产品有必要通过预测来确定需求状况及相关的库存水平。,Dependent demand occurs where the demand for a particular product is directly related to another product. 相依需求是指对某一产品的需求与其他产品有直接的关系。 It may be vertical, e.g. the chip actually required in the production of the computer or it may be horizontal, e.g. the

46、instructional manual that is packed with the computers as finished product. 它可能是纵向的，比如计算机生成过程中所需要的芯片；或者是横向的，比如与成品计算机一起包装的说明手册。,Because of this dependence, there is a far more limited requirement for the forecasting of the demand for these elements the actual needs are directly related to the finishe

47、d product requirements themselves. 因为这种相关性，这些产品需求的预测具有很大的局限性，因为其实际需求与成品的需求直接相关。 A push system is the more traditional approach where inventory replenishment is used to anticipate future demand requirements. 推动式是比较传统的方式，其库存补货是根据对需求的预测进行的。,as,A push approach to inventory planning is usually based on a

48、 set plan that is predetermined according to creatures of inventory reordering. 推动式库存规划通常以根据库存订购的特性提前确定的规划为基础。 This approach is a proactive one in the sense that it is planned on the basis of estimated, or forecast demand for products from customs. 它是以顾客对产品的需求预测为基础的规划，从这种意义上来说，这种规划是提前的主动性行为。,The pul

49、l approach is a reactive one where the emphasis is on responding directly to actual customer demand, which pulls the required product through the system. 拉动式系统是反应性的行为，其重点是对实际的顾客需求做出直接的反应，拉动所需要的产品在系统中的流通。 The pull system is most useful where there is independent demand and where there is uncertainty

50、of demand requirements or of order cycle time. 拉动式系统最适合于独立需求以及需求或订货周期不确定的情况。,The lead-time gap,One of the major reasons for the build-up of finished goods inventory is because of the long time that elapses between the moment and the moment. 建立成品库存的一个主要原因是产品的订购及产品开始生产的时间之间存在着很长的时间间隙。 The vast majorit

51、y of products are required either immediately, as for many consumer products at the point of sale in shops or within a short time-scale, as for industrial products and also for consumer products when the retailer orders them in the first instance from the manufacturer. 大多数产品的需求要么是即刻的，比如许多商场出售的消费性产品；

52、或者是短时间的，比如零售商直接向生产企业订购的工业性产品或消费性产品。,when a product is ordered,when the manufacture of that product starts.,The total time it takes to complete the manufacture and supply of a product is often known as the logistics lead-time. 完成产品的生产和供应的全部时间就是所谓的物流前置时间。 Customers are generally prepared to wait for l

53、imited period of time before an order is delivered. This is the customers order cycle time. 顾客在货物送达之前愿意等待的时间，即是订货周期时间。 The difference between the logistics lead-time and that customers order cycle time is often know as the lead-time gap. 物流前置时间和顾客订货周期之间的时间就是前置时间间隙。,Inventory and time,Companies may h

54、ave sound and acceptable reasons for holding stock as outlined in the previous part but some may also use high levels of inventory to protect themselves from those problems that they are unable or unwilling to solve by more direct means. 企业有合理的可以接受的理由来持有库存，就如前文所述，但是也有一些企业利用高库存来避免那些他们不能够或不愿意用更直接的方式来解

55、决的问题的不利影响。,The main approaches are: Manage the supply chain as one complete pipeline Using information better Achieve better visibility of stock throughout the supply chain for all participants Concentrate on key processes Use just-in-time techniques to speed up the flow of products through the supp

56、ly chain Use faster transport Develop supply chain partnerships,（20）,Commodity market,End user,（10）,（5）,（15）,（5）,（10）,（5）,（20）,（15）,（10）,（1）,（1）,（2）,（1）,Volume 175 days,Spinning (15),Knitting (10),Length 60 days,Dyeing 到来,Unless production costs are extremely low compared with those at a second prod

57、uction point - that is, the production cost difference offsets the transportation costs of serving the second market - not much competition is likely to take place. 除非生产成本比其他产地成本低很多，即生产成本的差异能够抵消向其他产地的运输成本，否则不太可能有竞争发生。,However, with improvements in the transportation system, the landed costs for prod

58、ucts in distant markets can be competitive with other products selling in the same markets. 然而，随着运输系统的改善，远距离运输来的产品也可以和当地销售的产品竞争了。,This occurs not only because of the increased competition in the marketplace but also because transportation is a component cost along with production, selling, and other

59、 distribution costs that make up the aggregate product cost. 这不仅是因为市场竞争的加剧，也是因为运输成本是由生产、销售和其他分销成本构成的总成本的一部分。,The modes of transportation rail truck air water pipeline,Transport cost,Fixed costs roadway acquisition and maintenance, terminal facilities, transport equipment, and carrier administration

60、Variable costs line-haul costs such as fuel and labor, equipment maintenance, handling, and pickup and delivery Questions : Please compare the cost of rail and highway.,生鲜农产品配送对保障居民生活水平和鲜活农产品流通安全均具有较强的现实意义。文章在调研的基础上，通过对目前鲜活农产品物流配送业现状的研究，分析了鲜活农产品物流配送业的主要特点及影响安全配送的主要因素和问题，提出了以“超市”及“社区配送店”为核心的配送链流程， 并针

61、对鲜活农产品物流配送业的发展趋势与质量安全提出了相关建议。,生鲜农产品配送对保障居民生活水平和鲜活农产品流通安全均具有较强的现实意义。 Fresh agricultural product distribution has a strong and practical significance for protecting marketing safety of agricultural products.,在考虑了关键的流程和成本关系的同时，还讨论了与仓库选址有关的内容. As well as considering the key flows and cost relationships,

62、 various aspects associated with depot and facilities location are reviewed.,4. When effectively integrated into an enterprises logistical operations, warehousing, materials handling, and packaging facilitate the speed and overall ease of product flow throughout the logistical system.,Sentence Expla

63、nations,对企业的物流操作、储藏、货物处理和包装进行有效地整合，有利于提高产品流转的速度和使产品在物流系统中更加顺畅地流动。,本章主要研究实体分销规划的具体方法，其主要内容源于系统规划的基本纲要。在考虑了关键的流程和成本关系的同时，还讨论了与仓库选址有关的内容。包含了理论和实际两种影响因素。,本章主要研究实体分销规划的具体方法，其主要内容源于系统规划的基本纲要。 In this chapter a particular approach to the planning of physical distribution strategy is developed. The main con

64、tent follows on the system planning framework.,在考虑了关键的流程和成本关系的同时，还讨论了与仓库选址有关的内容. As well as considering the key flows and cost relationships, various aspects associated with depot and facilities location are reviewed.,包含了理论和实际两种影响因素。 There are both theoretical concepts and practical considerations to be taken into account.,