外研社选修六module1smalltalk

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1、话题Small Talk(闲谈)功能Talking about obligation or lack of obligation(谈论“有义务”和“无义务”)语法Didnt need to do and neednt have done(没必要做与本没必要做)1lack v缺乏；缺少(作不及物动词时常接for或in)n没有，不足，缺乏归纳拓展(1)lack (for) sth.缺少(不用于被动语态，多用于否定句中)lack common sense/courage缺乏常识/勇气lack for nothing应有尽有(2)be lacking in缺少(品质、特点等)，不足(3)for/thr

2、ough/due to/because of (a) lack of因缺少no lack of不缺少；足够例句：She seems to be lacking in common sense.她似乎缺乏常识。Lack of heat made us cold when we were staying in that small hotel.住在那家小旅馆时，没有暖气让我们觉得很冷。The project was in vain for lack of money.工程因缺乏资金而作废。同类辨析(1)lack是普通用词，指完全没有或部分缺少，既可指具体事物，也可指抽象概念，如智力、知识、勇气等。

3、(2)shortage指“短缺”，是就需要量而言。例句：Our main difficulty in the quakehit area is a shortage of food and medicine.我们受灾地区的主要困难是缺乏食物和药品。【链接训练】The explorer got a disease in blood for the _ of fresh vegetables and fruit.Asake BlackCignorance DbenefitI dont think he is the suitable person，for he_experience，_is ess

4、ential for the job.Alacks；which Blacking；asClacks of；which Dlacked；that2advance归纳拓展(1)adj.预先的；在前的an advance copy样书advance party/team先头部队，先遣队advance planning/warning/booking预先的计划/警告/订票(2)n.前进；进步in advance (ahead of time)预先；事先；提前in advance of在之前make an advance in sth.在某方面取得进步(3)v.向前，前进advance towards

5、a place向前进advance in sth.在某方面有进步，前进advance sb.to a higher position使某人提升advance sb.some moneyadvance some money to sb.预付某人钱(4)advanced adj.高级的，进步的，年老的；发达的，先进的advanced English/maths高级英语/高等数学advancement n前进；进展例句：We sent out an advance party of soldiers.我们派出一支先头部队。Let the world know more about China，let

6、 China advance towards the world.让世界了解中国，让中国走向世界。Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.预订票要便宜一些。They are going to start an advanced course in English in that institute.他们要在那个学院开一个英语高级班。【链接训练】Youll have to pay one months rent in _，plus a _ of $500.Aadvance；check Breservation；cashCadvance；dep

7、osit Dcheck；deposit3certain adj.确凿的；无疑的；可靠的归纳拓展(1)和of(有时和about)连用，后接名词或动名词(用about 时不跟动名词)，“确信；有把握”，只能用人作主语。(2)表示“无疑；确定”时，后面接不定式，可以用人作主语，也可以用事物作主语；也可用It is certain that.句型表示“(某人做某事)肯定无疑”。(3)作定语，意思为“一定会来到、发生或生效的，有把握的”。(4)稍微的；轻微的；微小的(5)for certain/sure确凿地；肯定地make certain/sure (of)把搞清楚，弄明白例句：He is certa

8、in to agree./It is certain that he will agree.他肯定会同意。There is no certain cure for this disease.这种病没有特效药。I felt there was a certain coldness in her manner.我觉得她的态度有点冷淡。I think theres a train at 8：20，but you ought to make certain.我想8点20分有一班火车，不过你应该打听清楚。【链接训练】Its almost _ that he will lose the next elec

9、tion.Acertain BsureCconfident Dright4imagine v想象；想，推测归纳拓展(1)imagine名词/代词/doing sth./thatclauseimagine sb./sb.s doing sth.想象某人做某事imagine sb./sth.as把某人(物)想象成imagine what/how/why.想象You cant imagine.你想象不到(2)imagination n想象力，创造力imaginative adj.富有想象力的，爱想象的imaginable adj.可以想象得到的(常与形容词最高级或all，every，only等连用，

10、可放在被修饰的名词后)5apologize v道歉归纳拓展(1)apologize to sb.for (doing) sth.因某事/做了某事而向某人道歉(2)apology n道歉make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.因向某人道歉accept sb.s apology接受某人的道歉owe sb.an apology应向某人道歉例句：I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.我因踩了她的脚而向她道歉。I must apologize for the delay in replying to your le

11、tter.未能及时回信，我必须向你道歉。I owe you an apology for what I said last nightIm really sorry.我该为昨晚说的话向你道歉真对不起【链接训练】One should apologize _ his taking the wrong glass at the party.AtoBonCforDofI_you an apology for what I said this morning.Anyway，I meant no offence.Aowe Bmake Cdemand Daccept1in addition除此之外；另外归纳

12、拓展(1)in addition该短语为副词短语，作状语，可置于句首、句中或句末。用于句首和句中时，一般用逗号隔开，但在句末时，则不需分开。(2)in addition to除以外，相当于besides，后接名词结构。(3)as wellbesidesin addition除此之外(用作副词)(4)as well asbesidesapart fromin addition to除之外(用作介词)例句：First you have the ability.In addition，you must pass the driving test.首先你要有能力。另外，你必须要通过驾驶考试。I hav

13、e other things to do in addition.此外，我还有其他事要做。In addition to the names on the list，there are six other applicants.除了名单上的名字之外，还有6个申请人。 【链接训练】Why didnt you buy that dress? I disliked its pattern._，the colour didnt suit me.AIn addition BIn turnCIn return DIn fact _ these arrangements, extra ambulances w

14、ill be on duty until midnight.AIn addition to BExceptCExcept for DWith the exception of2leave out省去，遗漏，不考虑归纳拓展leave for.动身去leave sb. alone不打扰某人leave sth. alone 别管某事leave over 留下，剩下；推迟leave off停止leave sth./sb.behind忘了带某物；将某人抛在后面或落下例句：These are questions left over by history.这是些历史遗留问题。I left off in th

15、e middle of page 10.我读到第10页中间停下来了。Slow down，were leaving Mike behind.慢点儿，我们把迈克落在后面了。同类辨析leave out与cross out(1)leave out遗漏，漏掉(2)cross out划掉，除去例句：In your written work，you left out an important detail，so you couldnt score a high mark.在书面表达中，你漏掉了一个重要细节，因此你不能得高分。This word in the sentence is unnecessary.C

16、ross it out.这个单词在句中多余，删掉它。【链接训练】This article is too long.You should_the unimportant details to make it shorter. Afind out Bpick outCmake out Dleave out How did_feel to run 3,000 metres at the sports meet?Terrible！Especially when I saw I was left so far_by the others.Athat；alone Bit；aloneCthat；behind

17、 Dit；behind疑问词不定式”句型结构归纳拓展疑问词可用who，what，which，when，where及how，后接不定式构成带有疑问词的不定式结构在句中作主语、宾语、表语。注意：(1)不能用why to do结构。(2)疑问词前有时可用介词。(3)不定式常用主动语态形式。例句：When to go for the picnic hasnt been decided.什么时间去野炊还没定下来。I dont know who to turn to for help.我不知道该向谁求助。The difficulty for the little horse was how to cros

18、s the river.小马的困难是怎样过河。【链接训练】Ive worked with children before，so I know what _ in my new job.Aexpected Bto expectCto be expecting Dexpectsdidnt need to do与neednt have done1need既可用作实义动词，也可用作情态动词。(1)need作为情态动词，主要用于否定句、疑问句及表示疑问的从句中。例句：Thats all settled.It neednt be talked about.已经完全解决了，不必谈了。Why need you

19、 go today?为什么你今天需要去？回答由need引起的问句时，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答用neednt。(2)need用作及物动词和不定式连用，可用于各种时态。例句：You dont need to do it yourself.这件事你不必亲自做。Does he need to know it?他需要知道这件事吗？在个别情况下，need作为及物动词和情态动词的句子在意思上略有差别。例句：He doesnt need to be told.不必告诉他了。(告诉他没好处)He neednt be told.无需告诉他。(他已经知道了)2当主语为“物”的名词时，need后的宾语用动名词

20、的主动形式表示被动意义，need doingneed to be done，用法同want/require。例句：The garden doesnt need watering/to be watered；it rained last night.花园无需浇水，昨晚下雨了。3didnt need to do sth.表示“过去没有必要做某事”。例句：I didnt need to clean the windows.My brother did it.我没有必要擦窗户，我哥哥已经擦了。neednt have done sth.表示“本没有必要做某事而实际却做了”。例句：You neednt h

21、ave taken a taxi here，for it was very near to my house.你本没有必要打车来，因为那儿离我家很近。【链接训练】Would you like me to go to the dentist with you?No, you _ with me.Aneed not to go Bdo not need goCneed not go Dneed go notMy watch needs_，but I have no time to go downtown to have it_.Ato repair；repaired Bto be repaired

22、；repairingCrepairing；repaired Dbeing repaired；repairedThose who failed to get in _ disappointed as many of the artists who should have appeared did not come.Adidnt need felt Bneednt have feltCmustnt have felt Dcouldnt have feltIt was Sunday.I_up early, so I stayed in bed until 10 oclock am.Adont nee

23、d to get B. didnt need to getCshouldnt have got D. neednt have got 练习：一. 单项填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. You might have sent us a message. You here yourself.A. neednt have come B. mustnt comeC. dont have to come D. didnt need to come2. David is always late for school and doesnt work hard. I can

24、hardly imagine him the examination.A. being passed B. to be passedC. passing D. to pass3. All the representatives were the bill, so it was passed and became a law.A. in honor of B. in hopes ofC. in return for D. in favour of4. The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings. , it caused hun

25、dreds of deaths.A. In fact B. In allC. In total D. In addition5. It was because of of funds that the project had to be put off.A. failure B. lackC. absence D. drop6. Youve made a serious mistakeyouve one letter “p” in the telegram.A. left out B. made outC. put out D. taken out7. The journalist inter

26、viewed a handful of successful businessmen, and he summed up the characteristics they have in his report.A. in nature B. in relationC. in common D. in theory8. Have they taken measures to control the spread of the disease?No, they havent. They dont seem to be of its danger.A. aware B. cautiousC. afr

27、aid D. careful9. The heavy snow has lasted for seven days. , all the roads in the city are blocked for the time being.A. As a rule B. As a consequenceC. In case D. As usual10. Well have three weeks off for the Spring Festival. Lets make a trip to Hong Kong. ! Im looking forward to that.A. Never mind

28、 B. Have a good timeC. Well done D. Sounds fine to me二. 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I can never forget the unexpected car accident several years ago. It was very late. I was with my 1 and sister in a car on vacation at a farm close to Medellin. We 2 a car accident.It is said to

29、 be very 3 to stop and help strangers in some places in Colombia, because it can be a trick. 4 , I did hear of many cases in which people were 5 just because they stopped and tried to help those who seemed to be in 6 .So, we didnt know 7 we should stop or not. But in the end, fortunately, my parents

30、 decided to. There was really an 8 some of the passengers were 9 . We took them to the hospital, and they were really 10 , and we felt very happy to help them.I can still remember what happened the 11 day. After we told my uncles what we had done, they 12 that we shouldnt have 13 , for it was too ri

31、sky. They thought we were 14 to be alive to tell the story. They 15 us to promise we would never do that again in the future.Personally, I think it was risky, but I also think it was worth taking the 16 . If we hadnt helped them this time, who knows what would happen to 17 in return one day? But I a

32、lso believe that one of the reasons why we 18 to stop was the fact that we were four people together and felt 19 enough. Maybe I wouldnt have stopped if I was 20 because I wouldnt have felt safe.1. A. parents B. uncles C. children D. friends2. A. escaped from B. came across C. ended with D. heard of

33、3. A. exciting B. worthwhile C. interesting D. dangerous4. A. Eventually B. Surprisingly C. Actually D. Fortunately5. A. robbed B. questioned C. aided D. loved6. A. darkness B. failure C. matter D. trouble7. A. where B. when C. whether D. how8. A. incident B. accident C. event D. experience9. A. inj

34、ured B. survived C. murdered D. treated10. A. gratefulB. embarrassed C. interested D. worried11. A. first B. earlier C. next D. last12. A. imagined B. expected C. complained D. demanded13. A. driven B. stopped C. left D. walked14. A. lucky B. hurried C. tired D. lonely15. A. cautioned B. notified C.

35、 informed D. required16. A. hazard B. danger C. risk D. adventure17. A. one B. us C. them D. it18. A. refused B. forgot C. remembered D. decided19. A. mighty B. secure C. strong D. powerful20. A. deserted B. isolated C. lonely D. alone三. 短文改错此题要求改正所给短文的错误。请根据上下文对标有题号的每一行作出判断;如无错误，在该行右边横线上划一个勾();如果有错

36、误（每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正:此行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线()划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），在该行右边横线上写出应加的单词。此行错一个词：在错词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的单词。注意：原行没有错误的不要改。It was a long time since we last saw each other. You 1. can hardly imagine how I miss you. How are you getting with 2. your first job? I remember you once

37、tell me you were eager 3. to graduate and to become an English teacher. Now you must 4. have many first hand experience. How do you find your English 5. teaching? Is teaching kids English as interested as you expected 6. in college? And do your student enjoy your classroom teaching? 7. Anyway, I believe you must be very popular with the kids, for 8. you are a born teacher. Hope you great success in your work! Yes,9. why not give me a call or come for gettogether this weekend? 10.