初中语法新被动语态

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1、初中语法 被动语态 A.熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p.一般过去时：was/were+p.p.一般将来时：shall /will be +p.p.现在完成时：have /has been +p.p.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p.过去将来时：should /would be +p.p.含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+p.p. Chinese _ by the largest number of pe

2、ople.A.speak B.is speaking C.speaks D.is spoken The boy _ to get supper ready after school.A.were told B.is telling C.was told D.tells A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China.A.must B.must be C.has D.haveB.明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;2.强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。The tree _

3、_ by that boy.C.熟练转换1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词+一般疑问句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at once.The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once.(同义句)

4、 Where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)Where _ vegetables _ ?(填were;grown)D.注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变;将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如： He told us a story.(变被动语态)We were told a story(by him).或：A story was told to us by him. Her mother gave her a new pen.(变被动语态)

5、A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother.2.短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustnt _ from the library.A.take away B.taken away C.are taken away D.be taken away She will take good care of the children.(变被动语态)The children will _ _ _ _ _ (by her).3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的

6、主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(变被动语态)He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.4.不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be +过去分词”。例如：The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city.A.be building B.build C.be built D.built5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意

7、词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Who has broken the cup?(改为被动语态)By whom has the cup been broken?E.注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1)含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：The window is broken.窗子破了。(系表结构)The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)2)用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词

8、修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：He was very interested in science.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)F.牢记(相关)句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1.be covered with被覆盖2.be made of由制作(发生物理变化)be made from由制作(发生化学变化)

9、be made in由(某地)制造be made by被(某人)制造3.be used for被用来 be used as被当作(作为)来使用 be used to do sth.被用来做某事4.It is said that.据说It is hoped that.希望It is well known that.众所周知例如：单项选择1.What does your sister like doing in her spare time？ She watching TV.A.likes B.liked C.has liked D.had liked2.When Jessy to New Yor

10、k？ Yesterday.A.does;get B.did;get C.has;got D.had;got3.How clean the bedroom is! Yes,I am sure that someone it.A.cleans B.cleaned C.has cleaned D.had cleaned4.Would you please lend me your bike？ .A.Sure B.No,thanks C.Never mind D.It was a pleasure5.Dont try to anything from me,Mary.I know nothing ab

11、out it,mum! I was sleeping at that time!A.hear B.cheat C.get D.hide6.Why do you get up so early in the morning,Tarcy？I generally make it a to be up by 7 to read English.A.plan B.wish C.secret D.rule7.I thougth you had English. No. It has been useful in my work.A.studied B.dropped C.failed D.passed8.

12、Where did you go on holiday this summer？England？You are .We went on a 10-day tour to Paris.A.funny B.right C.cool D.close9.Do the dishes,Mike,or I will tell mum! Mind your own ,Sue!A.action B.duty C.business D.way10.We need to a time to have a talk,now! What about tomorrow？I am too busy today.A.put

13、up B.fix up C.use up D.look up11.May I watch TV for a while？No,you .You have to finish your homework first.A.shouldnt B.neednt C.mustnt D.wont12.What should I do here？ Just put all the things they were.A.where B.when C.whose D.which13.Hi,Sunny.Your new flat is so nice! Thanks, .A.dont mention it B.m

14、y pleasureC.help yourself D.make yourself at home14. They planted trees on _ side of the road.A. both B each C. all D. every15. It is reported that it will rain hard next Sunday . _, Were planning to go boating that day .AI dont think so BI hope so CIm afraid not DI hope not 阅读理解Good morning. The pr

15、ogram today is about music. The word “music” comes from the Greek word “muse”. The Muses are the goddesses of the arts. Music is only one of the arts. It is like the spoken language,but is uses sounds. Todays program brings together music from different corners of the world. Who invented music？Who s

16、ang the first song？No one knows exactly the answers to these questions. But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyones life. Babies and young children love to hear people singing to them. When they are a little older, they like to sing the songs they have heard. When children go

17、to school,their world of music grows. In the middle grades students take music lessons. When they reach high school,they become interested in listening to pop music.The records we have chosen for you today are form American country music,Indian music, pop music and so on. Music has meaning for every

18、one. It can make people happy or it can make them sad. In this program we shall study the language of music. We shall be trying to find out more about how music works. We shall try to find out how music says what people feel.Now,here comes the music today,I shall explain why they are all good music1

19、.The first paragraph is mainly about the A.styles of music B.history of music C.taste of music D.knowledge of music2.The speaker is probably .A.a host B.a singer C.a dancer D.a teacher3.Which is TRUE according to the passage？A.The Muses invented music. B.Music can bring people some feelings.C.Music

20、was from a Greek village. D.Everyone is interested in pop music.4.The speaker believes that .A.music is a spoken language B.music develops as we grow upC.music is above the other arts D.music plays an important part in our life5.What is NOT the purpose of this music program？A.To study the language of music. B.To learn more about the music.C.To give a complete background to the music. D.To give people some music to listen to.