VPS教案考研英语翻译

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1、VPS 教案 考研英语翻译入门测试写出下列专有名词、词组的中文释义。Big Bang大爆炸理论SARS非典型性肺炎Anthropologist人类学家Inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论Operational research experts运筹学家翻译下列句子。1. It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do .现在人们认为，脑筋越用越灵活。2. One difficulty is that almost all of wh

2、at is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.难点之一在于，所谓的行为科学几乎全部根据心态 、感情、个性、人性等方面继续寻找行为的根源。第一节教学目标1. 让学生对考研英语翻译考点、难点和评分标准有一定的了解。2. 通过对比，展示英汉语言差异，有利于学生进行英汉语言思维转换。3. 通过实例演示和步骤解析，让学生了解并掌握基本翻译技巧和解题步骤。教学过程考研英语翻译基本介绍一篇

3、约400 词的文章5 个划线句子例：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998) 5 个句子，每句2 分，共10 分。译文扭曲原文，最多0.5 分。两个译法，按错评分。中文错别字,三个错字扣 0.5 分。历年题材：00: 政府调控与工业化发展01：计

4、算机与未来生活02：行为科学的发展03：人类学的发展04：语言学05：传媒领域中的电视媒介06 ：美国知识分子的作用07:法学在新闻报道中的作用08：达尔文对思维能力的看法09：关于教育种类划分的问题10：经济与生态11：能动意识的作用12：真理的普遍性13：人类处境考点：1. 专有名词Big Bang、SARS、anthropologist、2. 词组Inflationary universe theory、Operational research experts3. 多义词school, set4. 一般性的翻译技巧，如词意选择、 词性转换和增词法。基础翻译技巧简介：词义的选择a deep

5、 well a deep reda deep mysterydeep outragea deep voicedeep in studyA deep thinkerTips: 1.看词性 light2. 看上下文3. 汉语表达习惯 your idea will work.词性的转换（短语）The solution to the problem.The observation of the experiment. 增词法The Great Wall is a must for tourists长城对游客来说是一个必须去的地方/参观的景点Ease the tension in the Middle

6、east缓解中东的紧张局势/状况英汉语言差异形合和意合。形合：形式上通过连接词、介词、引导词等紧密结合在一起。意合：通过意义上紧密结合在一起的。枯藤老树昏鸦/小桥流水人家例：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998)繁复与简短英语是繁复的，汉语是简

7、短的。It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do .现在人们认为，脑筋越用越灵活直译保持原文的语言形式，包括用词，句子结构，内容和意义等。gene therapy、mad cow disease、chain reaction意译从原文意思出发，将英语所表达的意义用汉语做释义性解释，不过分拘泥于原文形式。As timid as hare、day student、cash cropsHe had one foot in the grave.直译：他已经有一只脚踏

8、进坟墓了。意译：他已经是风烛残年了。It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do .直译：现在被认为，我们给脑子的工作越多，他们能 干的工作就越多。意译：现在人们认为，脑筋越用越灵活解题技巧和要求翻译是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言。 理解 表达 校对例1：One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace be

9、havior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. （02）词汇解析：Trace sth to sth: based on sth, to find the origin of sth 根据来追溯/寻找的起源states of mind 心理状态 Feelings 感觉，感受traits of character 性格特点human nature 人性拆分和组合基本原则：主句/从句， 主干部分/修饰部分and, or, yet, but, forwhen, as, since, un

10、til, before, after, where, because, since, though, although, so that, .who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whicheverwhen, where, how, why who, which, that, whom, whose on, in, with, at, of, to 分词、不定式等步骤详解：One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace

11、behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.拆分:One difficulty is that 其中一个困难是Almost all continues to trace behavior to几乎所有都继续根据追溯行为的根源What is called behavior science那个被叫做行为科学的东西。 组合：其中一个困难是几乎所有被叫做行为科学的东西都继续根据心态、感觉、性格特点，人性等追溯行为的根源。校对：其中一个困难是 / 难点之一在于几乎所有都继续根据追溯行

12、为的根源 / 几乎全部都根据.来继续寻找行为的根源那个被叫做行为科学的东西。/ 所谓的行为科学定稿：难点之一在于，所谓的行为科学几乎全部根据心态 、感情、个性、人性等方面继续寻找行为的根源。例2：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for t

13、he study of natural phenomena.（35 词，2003 年62 题）拆分：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry 主干which seeks to study humans and their endeavors 定语从句in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner 方式状语 that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.定语从句组合：

14、社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图象自然科学家用来研究自然现象那样，以理性的，有序的，系统的和冷静的方式来研究人类及其行为。课堂练习In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined.（95）一般来说，当所要测定的特征/品质都能很精确界定时，测量最为有效；二当所

15、要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果最差。巩固练习1. Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society. （2004,64）解析：出于对语言和思维的关系的兴趣，沃尔夫逐渐形成了这样的观点：语言结构决定一个社会的习惯思维模式。2. In dealing with a challenge on

16、 such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall” （2005,50)解析：在应对如此规模的挑战时，我们可以毫不夸张地说：“团结则立，分裂则亡。”3. Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral chara

17、cter.(2008,50)解析：达尔文确信，失去这些爱好不只是少了乐趣，而且可能会有损于一个人的智力，更有可能有损于一个人的性情。4. Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.(2012,47)解析：此处，达尔文主义似乎给出了一个合理的解释，如果全人类都有共同的起源，那么我们可以合理地假设文化多样性也可以追溯到更有限的开端。5. To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.(2012,48)从共性中寻找个性，可以使我们理解复杂的文化行为时如何产生的，以及是什么在进化和认知角度引导文化行为。